National a Ukraine. History of Ukraine

Ukraine - dziko lili pa nambala chachisanu mu Europe mawu alionse. chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali m'dziko lino, monga 2001 kalembera, anakwana miliyoni 42,8. Chithunzi, amene anaika pansipa, zikusonyeza zikuchokera fuko la Ukraine monga anthu a.

A mbiri pang'ono

Ukrainians anali tripoltsy makolo okhala m'dera la pakati pa Dniester, Dnieper ndi Kumwera Bug wina 3.5-2 zikwi. BC ndi oyambirira Asilavo, amene anabwera kuno ndipo kenako m'dera Carpathian. Iwo ankachita ulimi ndi ankakhala moyo wongokhala. Ndi anthu awa anapanga maziko tsogolo la mtundu Chiyukireniya.

mazana angapo anachita nkhondo ambiri a mafuko osiyanasiyana yoyendayenda m'mayiko Asilavo. Koma ngakhale pobwereka zina za chikhalidwe chawo, ndi Ukrainians anatha kusunga chizindikiro chawo dziko. Izo kumaonekera osati chinenero komanso chikhalidwe chauzimu.

Ukrainians tsopano ndi umodzi mwa mitundu lalikulu la dziko, yaying'ono kuthetsa mu mtima a ku Ulaya ndipo pang'ono anabalalika padziko lonse lapansi.

zambiri

malo asezare ankaona kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi pakati mbali. anthu ochepa moyo mu chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera. Ambiri mwa anthu okhala - Ukrainians (za 78%), lomwe ndi limodzi mwa magulu wamkulu mafuko a dziko. The zikuchokera fuko la Ukraine mulinso Crimea Chitata, Chirasha, Belarusians, Poland, Ayuda Romanians, Moldavians ndi ena.

State zamakono

The Chiyukireniya chizindikiritso malamulo (kupatula satifiketi kubadwa), mtundu anthu sizinafotokozedwe. Choncho, anthu amene anabadwa m'dera la Ukraine, ali basi nzika. Komanso, iwo ali mbali ya anthu zamakolo, mosasamala chipembedzo chawo, mtundu, chilankhulo ndi malingaliro andale.

Tsankho ing'onoing'ono, kuphatikizapo anthu amene si poyamba Ukrainians, koma bwino kutsatira malamulo a malamulo panopa, pamodzi zimaimira zikuchokera fuko la Ukraine ndipo ndiotetezedwa ndi boma, komanso okhala mbadwa.

Kyiv Mayiko Institute of Sociology anachita kafukufuku mu ulamuliro wa pa mtundu wene ndi ufulu chawo chololera chizindikiritso. kusanthula awo anasonyeza kuti zikuchokera fuko la Ukraine wakufayo kwambiri. Malinga ndi zimene analandira, pa malire a boma ali kunyumba 62% ya rekodi-mtundu anthu Chiyukireniya, 23% ali bietnicheskie Chirasha Chiyukireniya, 10% - rekodi-mitundu ku Russia, komanso 5% ya anthu a magulu ena.

Chiwerengero cha zigawo chapakati

Taganizirani zikuchokera mtundu wa zigawo Ukraine kuyambira ndi Kiev. mizinda yake, tauni ndi midzi anthu oimira mafuko osakhala titular.

Apa Ukrainians (90%) moyo makamaka. Otsala 10% - ichi ndi Belarusians ndi mayiko ena. Pamene chaka cha 2001, Kapitolo anthu 2607,4 zikwi. Dziwani kuti chithunzi ichi n'chokwera kwambiri, kuyambira ntchito pano ndi kuphunzira chiwerengero chachikulu cha alendo ndiponso anthu akubwera kuchokera m'mizinda ina.

Dera la dera Zhytomyr ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Apa moyo anthu 85 ochokera m'mayiko! Oposa 80% ya iwo - ndi Ukrainians. Cholowa cha Russian poyerekeza ndi madera ena ali wamng'ono - 8 okha%. Chinthu chapadera cha Zhitomir ndi kuchuluka kwa Zitsulo kuno, makamaka mu gawo la kumadzulo kwa dera. Anthu ndi mizu Chibelarusi, alipo ochepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pafupi pali malire ndi Belarus.

Kirovohrad dera anthu oposa 85% ya Ukraine. Ndipo kumpoto, kum'mawa chiwerengero ali pafupi 100%. Anthu ndi mizu Russian, pali 11 okha% ya chiwerengero cha nzika. Kupatula iwo, dera zimapezeka mwa Bulgarians, Moldavians ndi Belarusians.

Bank kumanzere

Tipitiriza kufufuza zikuchokera mtundu wa zigawo Ukraine ndi kusamukira kum'mawa kwa dziko. M'dera Kharkiv ndi kunyumba mitundu makumi asanu ndi atatu mitundu. Ukrainians amapanga oposa 60% ya chonse cha anthu. Pambuyo pawo panali Russian (30%). Anthu onse ali Belarusians, Chitata, ku Armenia ndi ena.

M'dera Dnepropetrovsk ndi kunyumba kwa waukulu woyamba Chiyukireniya alimi. Anthu zakwawoko pano ndi 70%. Achiwiri kukula mitundu gulu - Russian (25%). Iwo ankaganiza makamaka mu malo mafakitale. Pakati pa mitundu inayi Ayuda ndi Belarusians.

Donetsk dera ndi mtsogoleri mwa mawu a anthu. Kuli anthu mamiliyoni 4.5. Mbali zofunika imakhala Chiyukireniya (50%), ndi Russian Belarusians (42%), komanso Ayuda, Germany, etc. Mizinda ambiri ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu -. Donetsk Mariupol, ndi Kramators'k MAKEEVKA.

Pa m'dera la Ukraine Luhansk dongosolo fuko ndi osiyanasiyana kuposa m'madera pafupi. Anthu ambiri mwangwiro Chiyukireniya ndi dziko (50%). Pambuyo pawo panali Russian (zosakwana 40%), Belarusians, Chitata, ndipo pa magulu ena zana mitundu. Lugansk dera ndi osalimba Ambiri pachikhalidwe chachisanu mu Ukraine.

m'madera kum'mwera

Mu Zaporozhye dera chimapambana mtundu Chiyukireniya (60%). m'dera la dziko ali malo ochepa, kumene ambiri anthu ndi mizu Russian (30%). Pakati ing'onoing'ono ena akhoza kuwasiyanitsa Belarusians ndi Bulgarians. Otsiriza, monga ulamuliro, moyo mu Primorye.

Mu dera Kherson mu 1989, 82% ya Ukrainians. Kenako, chithunzi ichi kuchuluka kwa 84,6%. Malo achiwiri anali kulamulidwa ndi anthu Russian, koma 2001 kalembera anasonyeza kuti kudera iwo anatsika ndi 33,8%. Pakati ing'onoing'ono ena zigwire Crimea Chitata, Belarusians ndi Zitsulo.

Mu a Mykolaiv dera gawo la Ukrainians kuposa 75%. Mu madera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chiwerengero chawo ukufika 90%. okhala Russian, pali pafupifupi 20%. Komanso ambiri ali Moldavians ndi Belarusians akukhala chakumpoto kwa derali.

Odessa dera ali 55% ya chiwerengero Chiyukireniya ndi 25% - Russian. M'gulu la anthu ochepa ing'onoing'ono ena fuko ndi zofunika kusankha Bulgarians, Gagauz ndi Moldova. Komanso, mu malo Odessa ndi Czechs, Agiriki, Albania ndi Zitsulo. Anthu zakwawoko amatenga pafupifupi onse malo ake chapakati ndi chakumpoto.

Crimea ndi mzinda wa Sevastopol: kugwa kwa 74,4% ndi 20,6% ya Ukrainians Russian mu zikuchokera mitundu ya mayiko amenewa, otsala 5% - Crimea Chitata, ku Armenia, ku Germany, Ayuda Latvians, Poland, Korea, Estonians ndi enanso moyo pano. anthu amitundu wosanganiza, Chitata ndi Majipise.

Bank bwino

Volyn dera - ndi Western Ukraine. The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala m'dera ili pafupi yunifolomu chifukwa cha malo ake lawolawo. The gawo lalikulu la anthu ali Chiyukireniya (kuposa 95%). Komanso amakhala ku Russia (4%), Zitsulo (0.5%), ndipo ena. The vuto lomwelo Lvov, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rovenskaya, Khmelnytsk, Vinnytsia, Chernihiv, Poltava, Sumskoy, Ternopil ndi Cherkasy zigawo.

kalembera mu 2001 zikusonyeza kuti dera la dera Chernivtsi anthu oimira a mitundu 80. Kodi pafupifupi anthu onse wapangidwa Ukrainians (75%). Iwo amachuluka mu mbali kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo derali. Izo ziyenera kuti pakati pa anthu zakwawoko n'kopanda magulu boma mitundu monga Bessarabians, Hutsuls ndi Rusyns. The moyo woyamba makamaka mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa, wachiwiri - mu dera kumadzulo, ndi wachitatu - pakati pa mitsinje Prut ndi Nistru.

Achiwiri kukula m'dera dziko Chernovitsky - Romania (10%). Pamakhala Moldavians (pafupifupi 9%), ndi 7 kokha% ya anthu ndi mizu Russian.

Transcarpathian dera la Ukraine yomalizira dziko mitundu yosiyanasiyana kukhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, Hungary (12.5%) ndi Slovakia (0.6%). anthu zakwawoko - ndithudi, Ukrainians. Ndipo kuchokera mu chonse cha anthu amene pali oposa 80%. Pambali moyo pano Russian (4%), Romanians, Majipise, Germany, Belarusians Italy ndi anthu ena.

Chiwerengero cha zigawo

Ukraine Amakhala ndi chidwi Mayiko ethnographic. Aliyense amakhala ndi chikhalidwe munthu, miyambo ndi fuko. Ambiri a iwo ndi malo ena a ena (mwachitsanzo, Pokut'a ili wotchedwa Galicia). nthambi zonsezi zikuchokera amakono mitundu m'madera a Ukraine kuti akadali amakhudza dongosolo lawo ndi mphamvu. Tikumbukenso kuti waukulu dziko ing'onoing'ono mu dziko, pali eyiti:

- Russian (8 334.1 thous.);
- Belarusians (275.8 TH.);
- Moldavians (258.6 TH.);
- Crimea Chitata (248.2 TH.);
- Bulgaria (204.6 TH.);
- Hungary (156.6 TH.);
- Romania (151.0 TH.);
- Zitsulo (144.1 thous.).

The ing'onoing'ono pamwamba momwemo makamaka m'madera malire a dziko, koma mu zigawo chapakati chimakhala chogwidwa ndi Ukrainians.