Kuisamalira mphesa mu dela la mzinda

Mphesa ali ngati "moyo mabulosi." zakudya, zakudya ndi mankhwala katundu, ngakhale odziwika padziko lonse kuyambira nthawi yakale. Mphesa muli fructose ndi shuga, komanso organic zidulo ambiri. Aliyense mabulosi 1.5% tichipeza kufufuza zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi mavitamini. Kuphatikiza zogwirizana wa lokoma ndi wowawasa kukoma mphesa zabwino anapereka malo pamwamba pa phiri la Olympus gastronomic ndi vinyo connoisseurs yekha ndipo sangalankhule. Today tikambirana chisamaliro cha mphesa mu dela la mzinda. Inde, mankhwala wapatali akhoza kupangidwa pafupifupi chapakati gulu la dziko lathu!

Waukulu botanical tsatanetsatane

Mbali ya banja Vinogradov. "Mphesa" otchulidwa osati kwa mpesa, koma zipatso zake - kudziwika kwa aliyense lalikulu, onunkhira ndi okoma zipatso. Pambuyo chodzala mbewu za mbewu mu nthaka, iwo mwamsanga kumera ndi kutulutsa mphukira mwachilungamo lalikulu lomwe chaka choyamba ndi theoretically angathe kubala zipatso. Mu masiku oyambirira a m'njira za m'mphuno tsamba kuyamba mwamsanga kuchoka kukhala mphukira mbali, koma kumapeto kwa zaka yoyamba ndi yachiwiri pafupifupi 90% pa ndondomeko m'munsi akamwalira, kupanga mawonekedwe onse mwachizolowezi wa mpesa. Maluwa mipesa si kwambiri noticeable, maluwa - yaing'ono ndi kusonkhanitsidwa mu "masango" wa inflorescences. Painting zipatso kumadalira kwambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi pa zikhalidwe za dera.

Nkhani zimene zimapezeka kulima

Kuti ayenera kupereka chisamaliro kwa mphesa mu dela la mzinda? Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti kumbukirani kuwala okonda mipesa, chizolowezi chake kwa amaundana olimba panali kuwomba mphepo malo. Kunena mwachidule, mphesa ayenera kukhala mokwanira ofunda bwino anayatsa malo, anatseka ndi mphepo. Oddly, koma zinthu yosavuta kupereka zotsatira zabwino kulima mbewu m'dera lonse la dera Moscow. Kumbukirani kuti zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso mdima amafuna kutentha kuposa opepuka kuposa "abale" awo.

Ndipo chifukwa m'dera kwambiri amaidzala mitundu wathu ndi yowala, monga iwo savuta kuwasamalira. M'nthawi ya chilimwe a mphesa mu dela la mzinda kuti zonse kusunga diso pothawa zotheka oyambirira chisanu, kotero kuti mitundu wakuda ndi ndinazoloŵera osowa.

Za nthaka ndi malo mpesa

Cacikulu, ngakhale ena nthano wobzalidwa mpesa akhoza kulekerera zosiyanasiyana dothi, koma ziyenera kuchitika angapo mikhalidwe: choyamba, wosanjikiza dothi ayenera kukhala akuya kwambiri pamaso pa ngalande kuvomerezedwa. The pH - mkati 6.5-7.0. Komanso, musati kubzala mipesa pa dothi kwambiri Mbali yokhala ngati, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi nthawi zambiri matenda a. Zofunika kwambiri ndi kovuta kusankha malo abwino mu mawu a nyale, chitetezo mphepo.

Choncho tiyenera otsetsereka zinayang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera kumadzulo: kotero kuti mphesa kusamalira m'chilimwe mu dela la mzinda kudzakhala kosavuta, chifukwa muyenera apo kuthirira mipesa. Mu zikhalidwe zathu abwino khoma la nyumba, kulozera ku mbali imodzi. Never kudzala mpesa pabwalo ang'ono ndi akachita kumene chisanu lili nthawi yaitali ndipo sanali alikuwotha moto mpaka nthaka.

Kodi kukonzekera malo chodzala?

Takambirana kale za ngalande. Pa mosavuta pang'ono kuti nthaka pa malo osankhidwa akhale konyowa, izo chofunika. Mphesa wotere sangakhoze kulekerera konse. Pafupifupi milungu itatu pamaso mpesa kubzala mu nthaka lotseguka m'pofunika kukumba pa lokwera mu awiri mpeni zokumbira. Ngati dothi acidic, kupanga laimu pa mlingo wa magalamu 200 pa mita lalikulu. Nkofunika manyowa dothi osauka: pafupifupi awiri m'munda wheelbarrows humus pa malo omwewo. "Isabella" amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuti mphesa izi. Mu mzinda kubzala ndi kusamalira mitundu ayenera kupereka feteleza wabwino, ngati wopanda ntchito, palibe azibwera.

Onani kuti mphesa kwenikweni amafuna pamaso pa struts choimirira. Pamene kukula mphesa kwa mpanda wa nyumba ya chingwe kapena waya adzaikidwe pa mtunda wa pafupifupi 30-35 masentimita popanda. Ngati n'zotheka kulima mphesa m'madera lotseguka, ntchito zipilala mamita awiri yaitali, kukumba mu nthaka kuti akuya 60 cm. The imeneyi pakati pa iwo akhale za mamita awiri (zitatu Ponena). The kubwerera watha bwino kuvala kuponyera chitsulo kapena wopeza. Kumene, ngati ndalama zilipo, ndi bwino kuti ndi kubwerera, "n'kupuma" ngati momwe zinalili wathu ndi mizati yaitali mu nthaka alibe kuima. Chimakakamiza pa chingwe pa msinkhu wa masentimita 40, pamwamba, aliyense masentimita 30, mtanda Tambasula "mtanda". Aliyense zitsime tsogolo anapereka mtengo osiyanasiyana: kudzakhala kosavuta kudziwa malo kukumba ndi feteleza.

Pa yokwana bwino

Mu kum'mwera kwa dziko la mbewu anabzala mu nthawi kuchokera October mpaka March. Kumene, mu zikhalidwe zathu zili zovomerezeka more ... Koma chifukwa tinafesa mpesa mu April oyambirira, pamaso Mphukira mkangano. Mulimonsemo, m'dziko akuya ankafika ayenera konzekera kuti kutentha 10-11 ° C. Onani kuti ndi zofunika kukhala mpesa mu dzinja mu chimango ozizira, olekanitsidwa chisanu ozizira. Kotero izo bwino ndinazolowera pamene ankafika pansi lotseguka. chikhalidwe ichi n'chofunika kwambiri ngati mukufuna kukula mphesa "Isabella". Mu Moscow, kubzala ndi kusamalira zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi mwachilungamo zovuta, choncho muyenera kukhala saganizira khola ndi amphamvu zomera.

Pamene chodzala pafupi khoma kumbuyo kutali kwa izo ndi mtunda wa masentimita 40, ndi mphesa mbewu iliyonse 1.3 m. Mu mtunda lotseguka pakati pa mtengo wamphesa kukhala osachepera limodzi ndi mamita theka. Ngati pali mizere pakati pa iwo ndi kusunga kusiyana pakati mamita awiri. Onetsetsani kuti aziona kuti katemera tchire kumezanitsa ali kwenikweni pamwamba pa nthaka. Musaiwale zomangira mipesa kuti thandizo. Mutabzala mpesa bwino madzi ndi kuphimbira linakwiriridwa humus.

Feteleza ndi kuthirira

kusamalira mphesa Moscow kalendala kumayambira masika oyambirira. Panthawi imeneyi kuonetsetsa feteleza zovuta mchere. Mu nthawi yomweyo, kuphimbira masamba nthaka humus. Makulidwe a kuphimbira ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita atatu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mphesa ndi ankaganizira kwambiri wochepa ya magnesium m'nthaka. Ndi mpesa wake kusowa osati chisathe mbewu, komanso kufa, chifukwa Pankhaniyi mbewu mofulumira kwambiri anakhudzidwa zosiyanasiyana tizirombo ndi matenda. Pofuna kupewa izi, imwani 250 GR mankhwala enaake a sulphate ndi kupasuka mu chidebe cha madzi ndi utsi mpesa. Patapita milungu iwiri, mukufuna kubwereza.

Kumbukirani kuti mphesa Moscow m'chaka cha chisamaliro kumaphatikizapo kudya mlungu feteleza madzi mchere, anachita isanayambe kucha zipatso. Ngati inu kukula mphesa pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba yanu, musaiwale kuti madzi nthawi zonse. Komabe, simukhala nawo ndi waterlog nthaka, monga mu nkhani iyi, mbewu kuyamba mwamsanga kuvunda mizu ndipo sichifa.

Kodi ndi pamene kukolola bwino?

Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale ndi mtundu wonse wa zipatso, iwo ali zisanathe okhwima. Zipatso ayenera kudziunjikira wina kuchuluka shuga, ndi kuwachititsa bwino kukoma zonse wosakhwima ndi fungo. Mitundu oyambirira nthawi ino ali pafupi ndi milungu isanu, koma mitundu ina akhoza zipse kwa miyezi iwiri. Onani kuti mndandanda wa mphesa ndi manja inu kuwononga zoteteza sera film, imbaenda ku kuwonongeka mofulumira mankhwala. Choncho kuti ntchito magolovesi, kuyesa kusunga mulu wa "phesi", ndi kudula iwo ndi secateurs.

zipatso ndi pamodzi ngati njira akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, poyamba dozrevaya. Posachedwapa, mu dera Moscow ndi lonse ku Central gulu n'chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa si onse zipse mphesa. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro (mu dela la mzinda) ndi zofunika kwambiri kuchita bwino, koma ngati mukhoza kupanga kulima kulakwitsa, mbewu zoipa anayika mtanda wa mpesa!

malamulo kudula

Kudulira - ndi yofunika kwambiri mu chisamaliro cha mphesa. Kumbukirani kuti yatsala pa mphukira mpesa amafunika zingapo zofunika:

• Iwo ayenera kukhala kuwonongeka makina, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndichoka kutalika zachibadwa za mphukira, ndi yunifolomu mtundu wobiriwira.
• Latsopano mphukira zabwino kusiya ngati awiri awo ndi wofanana 6-12 mm. Kumene, mipesa, anawo angakhale n'kakang'ono. Ngati tsinde kwambiri wochepa thupi, mwachidule analibe nthawi kudziunjikira chofunika kuchuluka kwa zakudya, choncho ofooka ndipo akanafera pa mphindi iliyonse. Pankhani ya mphukira kwambiri wandiweyani komanso si zabwino: iwo kupinda, ndi internodes mfupi ndi zaka kale.
• zofunika kwambiri! Pamene kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale ndi zinthu zina (makamaka zokolola) mpofunikila kudzera kuteteza zimayambira ku kuwonongeka, mabala ndi tchipisi, kuyambira yopanda chilema pa mpesa sizikula ndipo musati pokoka mpweya utomoni.

Ngati ndinudi zofunika zipatso ndi kulawa khalidwe la zipatso, ndi bwino kuchoka zosaposa 10-12 masamba pa mita lalikulu la malo, amene wotanganidwa ndi mpesa wina. Yesani kuti tisasokoneze ndi tchire ndipo sindikufuna chepetsa mipesa kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi kumene mmodzi wa mpesa, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndi nyengo yachisanu zoipa wofooka, m'pofunika kuchepetsa zina kuchuluka kwa tchuthi-mphukira, koma mu chitsamba loyandikana chiwerengero chawo akhoza zochuluka. Kodi wina angathe kuganiza chisamaliro cha mphesa mu dela la mzinda?

Yokonza pambuyo kuzizira (zinalephereka wintering)

Mphesa kuwonongeka yozizira frosts - vuto m'dera lathu osowa. Musanayambe kuchotsa zotsatira za nyengo, m'pofunika osachepera kwa diso kuti aone mmene kuwonongeka.

Ngati panali kuzizira mabowo, mmene angachitire chisamaliro cha mphesa? Mu mbewu mabusa - njira yokhayo zopulumutsira zinthu. Pankhaniyi, yesetsani kusiya masamba zambiri zanthete. Kumene, makamaka nawo Sikuti, kuyambira ayi, mphukira angapo Kungoti anatulutsa ku chitsamba kuonongeka timadziti onse. Ngati kumene chifukwa chisanu bwanji lonse chapamwamba mbali ya mpesa, ndi kudula, kuyesera kupanga chipulumutso chachikulu ku chitsa otsala. Ngati okwanira Voltchkova akuwombera amavutika makamaka ndi izi uka.

Mwa njira, pali kukana pazipita kuti kuzizira wa mphesa kwa dela la mzinda? Zosiyanasiyana neukryvnoy chisamaliro kuti n'zotheka, "Alpha", "Fox Berry", "Ofunika Gray.

Kodi kudula mphesa?

Kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi chofunika: a kudulira bwino akhoza kuchitika kokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito secateurs latsopano ndi ambiri lakuthwa, amene amapereka yosalala ndi woyera odulidwa. Akulu kupulumuka Komanso ayenera kukhala mwachindunji kokha njingayo. Izi kuchepetsa m'dera analandira kuwonongeka kwa zomera, amene akutsutsana bwanji kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati ife kulankhula za zanthete, iwo anaganiza kuti asakhalenso mwachindunji pamwamba diso, chichokereni ku izo ndi masentimita atatu. Kotero inu mupeza mphesa kwambiri: kubzala ndi kusamalira mu mzinda, kudulira ndi fetereza - nzovuta ntchito, koma iwo zedi!

matenda Main ndi tizirombo zomera

Onani kuti matenda mphesa n'zovuta oterewa, kuyambira matenda osiyana akhoza kuonetsa zizindikiro zofanana. Choncho kudziwa tsokali chimodzimodzi kuti penyani mwatcheru ndondomeko pathological ndipo muzindikire zinthu kwambiri khalidwe. matenda onse mipesa akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

• Matenda mitundu.
• Nyengo mtundu.

Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Mbiri" ndi: esque ekskorioz, eutipioz, komanso matenda a chikhalidwe bakiteriya ndi tizilombo. Onsewo ndi woopsa kwambiri chifukwa iwo nkomwe amenable kuti mankhwala ochiritsira, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali tingakhale alipo sanadziŵe, kukhala mu mkhalidwe zobisika. Nthawi zambiri, matenda kufalitsa mu chisamaliro, mothandizidwa ndi zida. Sayenera Kuchotsera nkhani tizilombo ndiponso zina, matenda mwamsanga kuphimba munda wonse, kukhala pamodzi ndi mungu pa mphesa. Kubzala ndi kusamalira mu dela la mzinda (chithunzi ali mu mapepala), ntchito mwakhama akhoza kutayika pachabe, ngati tizilombo chimodzi mizu pa mpesa!

Ndi matenda nyengo monga downy cinoni, powdery cinoni, nkhungu imvi, anthracnose. gulu akutchulidwa chikuku ndi zowola woyera. pathologies nyengo dzina lake chifukwa pali kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kukula. maonekedwe awo anakonzeratu ndi makhalidwe zosayenera ulimi ndiponso kunyalanyaza winegrower, pamene yotsirizira samachita ndi khalidwe m'dzinja yokolola mpesa, kusiya kwambiri zinyalala. Izo mwangwiro tizilombo toyambitsa matenda overwinter matenda mpesa, komanso mphutsi za tizirombo. Choncho, kusamalira mphesa mu yophukira mu Moscow amapereka kuyeretsa kuvomerezedwa gawo, kenako zinyalala moto.

Downy cinoni

Cinoni (downy cinoni). Koopsa chifukwa akufotokozera mu nyengo kukula, kumene kumakhudza pafupifupi magawo onse wobiriwira wa mbewu. Infection kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri nyengo yonyowa ndi mvula, osati kuposa 13 digiri centigrade pa yozungulira kutentha. Kumasonyeza isanayambike matenda ndi maonekedwe a lamina mawanga wochuluka wa mosiyanasiyana. Pang'onopang'ono, iwo ataphimbidwa ndi kuonekera kwambiri mycelium-ngati ulusi woyera. Ndi tizilomboto izi mphesa makamaka tcheru "Lydia" mu Moscow kubzala ndi chisamaliro cha mtundu umenewu ndi osavuta, koma chochitika ichi musaiwale sikuthandiza!

Mwamsanga pamene pali zolengeza, tikhoza kuganiza kuti anamenya chitsamba lonse. Pamalo a kugonjetsedwa kwa minofu tsamba mwamsanga anayamba kugwa, uma, ndi tsamba lonse tsamba sizigwirizana pa nkhondo amphamvu. Tsoka yemweyo vuto nthambi zanthete, masamba ndi zipatso. mphukira achikulire utsalira kukula. Khalani zasonyeza kuti mliri woyamba wa downy cinoni atayika 80% ya zokolola kwathunthu, tchire ambiri kufa. Pamene yonyowa ndi chinyezi chitukuko matenda nyengo limapezeka nthawi yomweyo, kupha pafupifupi mphesa. Kulima ndi kusamalira mu mzinda wa iwo zovuta monga nthawi kusokonekera kwa nyengo!

Information pa exciter ndi

matenda ndi chikhalidwe mafangasi. The achilendo "kapisozi" munali kuchuluka spores anapanga kumapeto kwa kugwa, pokhala Ufumuyo kwa underside wa tsamba tsamba. Iwo akusungidwa bwinobwino osati wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nthaka, komanso pamwamba pake. M'chaka, awa mphukira mapangidwe mycelium ndi kungadzutse kugwa pa masamba achinyamata pa mvula kuti "kutaya" particles mpesa nthaka. Onani kuti mfundo gawo loyamba kwathunthu mulibe mankhwala antifungal, monga ataphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo wakuda ndi wandiweyani kwambiri. Monga ulamuliro, nthawi ya nthawi makulitsidwe si kuposa milungu ingapo, kenako masamba kuoneka mawanga chomwecho.

Onani kuti milandu matenda zinalembedwa kokha pamene yaiwisi, nyengo mvula. Monga madera ena a ku dera Moscow kawirikawiri fogs, downy cinoni umabala owonongedwa weniweni, "kugodomalitsa" kubzala mphesa lonse. Pofuna kupewa mavuto ngati amenewa chisoni, m'pofunika kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa mpweya wabwino tchire, osati kuchepetsa mipata pakati pa mizere ndi mipesa payekha. Apanso, kuti amadera nkhawa kwambiri mphesa izi "Isabella". Mu Moscow yokonza ake amafuna awiri processing zomera Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mmalo ake. Izi zichitike nthawi osachepera awiri. Ngati inu simungathe kugula kapena madzi anu Bordeaux, mungagwiritse ntchito mmalo, amene amakhala m'masitolo masiku ano munda zedi lonse.

Powdery cinoni

Komanso akutchedwa "Oidium". Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, mukhoza mu nthawi yaifupi kugunda mbali zonse zobiriwira wa mpesa. matenda a Pulayimale limapezeka kale maluwa, monga causative wothandizila a "atakhala" mu mtengo wakale. Kudziwa chikhalidwe chawo njiru ndi lophweka: mphukira matenda mwamsanga yokutidwa ndi yochitidwa, powdery ❖ kuyanika. Koma masamba, ndi mycelium zambiri akufotokozera mu kumtunda kwa tsamba tsamba. Ngati digiri ya kuwonongeka ndi mphamvu, mu ndondomeko amatenda tsamba lonse, amene mwamsanga n'kugwa. Pafupifupi mphukira onse akhudzidwa alibe nthawi kudziunjikira chofunika kuchuluka kwa zakudya, kotero m'nyengo yozizira iwo amaundana.

Anakhudzidwa zipatso kwenikweni akugwera mkati moti amakhala zosavuta kuzindikira mbewu. Mbali khalidwe la matenda ndi fungo zonyansa nsomba yoola, omwe motero bwinobwino noticeable pafupi tchire akhudzidwa. matenda zotsatira osati kuchuluka kwambiri wa yozizira koopsa wa mpesa, komanso otsika kwambiri malonda zipatso khalidwe ang'ono ndi wowawasa. Mosiyana ndi matenda yapita, powdery cinoni bwino anayamba popanda mpweya, koma chinyezi za mlengalenga yozungulira ndi kusangalala tizilomboto izi. The makulitsidwe nthawi asanu masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndipo nthawi imeneyi atayika chifukwa oposa 80% ya mbewu okwana.

Kodi kutsutsa matenda?

Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, kuyesera kulenga zinthu abwino asamafalitse pazipita pakati pa mizere ndi mipata pakati pa tchire. Kuti adzatsekeredwa kuwononga tizilomboto, onse zotupa kuzindikiridwa pa zomera kawiri (imeneyi - pafupi sabata) amaliona ndi Bordeaux madzimadzi. Awiri processing - pamaso maluwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo. Pa nyengo kukula kofunika kuti aziona kwambiri mipesa. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda zimachitika kachiwiri, mphesa ndi sprayed kachiwiri. Tikhoza kulengeza ntchito formulations apadera amene alipo masitolo munda.

Ngati mutsatira malangizo athu, amene mukhoza kuwerenga m'nkhani ino, mpesa nthawizonse mukusangalala ndi alendo wanu, zikubweretsa kukolola wachuma wa yowutsa mudyo, onunkhira ndi okoma zipatso! Amene amasamalidwa mphesa Moscow.