Kusintha wamba a 1861. Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Kosatha mbiri ya Russia, Alexander Wachiwiri adzatsala monga kumasula serfs lapansi. Kusintha kwa Alexander II nthawizonse zakhala demokalase ndi pang'onopang'ono. Musaiwale kuti kusintha pang'onopang'ono - chinsinsi cha ulamuliro wa mfumu woyenera. Ndipo chachiwiri, Alexander mungodziwa chinsinsi chathunthu.

Alexander wachiwiri kuyambira pa unyamata wake wotanganidwa wamba kusintha. Komabe, kuti ayambe izo, iye akanakhoza kamodzi kokha amatenga mpando wachifumu. Kodi zifukwa zoterozo chofunitsitsa wa mfumu kumasulidwa kwa serfs?

1) Alexander wachiwiri, monga wolamulira wanzeru ndi woyenera, anazindikira kuti serfdom mabuleki boma. Ku ntchito iliyonse ya zinthu kapolo wa dziko European akhala anakana. Russia ndinapitiriza safuna, chifukwa choopa zimene kugwira kusintha. Malinga ndi Alexander II, kusintha osauka chinali kuthetsa zimayambitsa onse Russia zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo mphamvu dziko.

2) Alexander kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti kuli serfdom mu dziko zoipa chifukwa imapanga chitetezo Russia. Serfdom mu Russia zinachititsa kuti kuchepa mu udindo waukulu pakati mphamvu European. Komanso, ambiri Mafumu European ankaona ngati waulemu wake kuti tipitirize zochitika Russian. Monga zinaliri mu masiku a Russia wakale, kumene Vladimir sanathe kupambana m'manja mwa kalonga wa Constantinople kokha chifukwa chakuti iye anali Wamitundu.

3) Musaiwale kuti mfumu yatsopano analeredwa mzimu choonadi ndi demokalase. Creative anzeru akhala kulimbikitsa kwa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom. Mphunzitsi wa Alexander II unyamata wake anali Vasily Zhukovsky, amene anali mtsogoleri wa anzeru kulenga a XIX atumwi. Amaona kuti kukhala mphunzitsi Zhukovsky Pushkin. Malinga ndi Alexander II, m'mphawi kusintha ayenera kulimbikitsa mbali wauzimu wa anthu Russian.

Kuyambira pa kusintha anali anayambitsa mu 1857, pamene mfumu analenga komiti chinsinsi. ntchito chinsinsi anali kukhala dongosolo, imene chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom anali kukhala kwambiri yosalala ndi inconspicuous.

The vuto lalikulu kwa mfumu ankaimira zofuna za chitsutso cha serfs ndi otchuka. Olemekezeka anali ndi mtima wonse kuti chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, dziko palibe wabwino. Iwo sanafune polekanitsa ndi dziko lawo ndi osawuka wake.

The linga M'malo mwake, akukhulupirira kuti kusintha wamba muyenera kubwezeretsa ufulu wawo wonse, kupatula ubwere ndi dziko limene kuthamanga chuma. Kusangalatsa ndi choncho, ndi ena akhala zosatheka.

1861 February 19 , panali chochitika kwambiri lonse la Russia - serfdom linathetsedwa. Kudutsa dziko, mu mipingo anawerenga lamulo la Alexander II. Malinga ndi lamulo ili, serfs onse analandira ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera landlords zawo zakale. Aliyense wamba analandira m'dziko ntchito. Komabe, dziko amaona nacho mwininyumba lapansi. Alimi ayenera kukhala kugula dziko lawo kuchokera Mwenechiroache mundu, kufunafuna chuma ufulu.

Motero, chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mu 1861 mpaka kalekale anasintha Russia. Koma nzika ngakhalenso wamba sanakhutire. The nzika ankaona kuti kulanda awo lija pansi yovomerezeka. Amaya anali kukhulupirira kuti serfdom kale anagwetsa ina kuti anadziwika monga castings. Chifukwa, Alexander II natsutsa pafupifupi m'magulu onse a anthu. zaka 20 pambuyo pake, Alexander adzautaya yonena mwa misa. Mu 1881, iye adzaphedwa achiwembuwo pakati ndodo wowerengeka, amene analandira yogawa wapadera mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa.

Ngakhale kuti, wachiwiri, Alexander analowa mbiri ya Russia monga munthu wodziwika kwambiri, inimitable wokonzanso, wamasomphenya ndale. Ndi chifukwa cha khama yogwira kusintha kwa Russia Alexander II ali ndi maonekedwe ano.