Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" mu chaka chimene unachitikira?

Mu latsopano kope Constitution la USSR , izo ananena kuti "ulamuliro wa proletariat lapansi" anamvera bwino ntchito kuti apatsidwa ndi Soviet Union anakhala boma mtundu lonse. Komanso, bukuli anapatsidwa dongosolo limba kasamalidwe, unakhazikitsidwa kale pa nthawi imeneyo. ulamuliro wapamwamba ankaona Council Wamkulukulu. mamembala ake m'gulu zipinda ziwiri: Bungwe la mafuko ndi Bungwe la Mgwirizano. akuti wake anawonjezera zaka zisanu.

Zimene chaka anali kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu", pa malo, kuti zimathandiza kuti maonekedwe ake, komanso kusintha izo, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Soviet lamulo ladziko

Kuphunzira mbiri ya Chilamulo Basic wa USSR ali wamkulu ndale, ndi zachuma, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe tanthauzo. Mbali imodzi yofunikira ya mapangidwe statehood Russian ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu". Chaka cha 1977 chinali chinthu chofunikira mu pofuna kukwaniritsa dziko.

Mu mbiri ya boma la Soviet chinali kokha 4 ya malamulo: 1918, 1924, 1936 ndi 1977. Iwo anali nthawi zosiyana za unali woyenerera, zikusonyeza kuti ena kusintha zikuchitika mmadera. Komanso, anasonyeza zikamera wa kusintha latsopano kapena mfundo akale. Komanso, aliyense lamulo latsopano zoyamba za dziko mwachidule kanthu pamaso, kenako boma amatsegula siteji yotsatira ya chitukuko.

chifukwa chachikulu

Development wa chikalata latsopano ndi kukhazikitsidwa zotsatira za Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" amagwirizana ndi atasintha mu ndale mu USSR. Ngakhale kuti chitetezo cha chikhalidwe anali akadali mosamalitsa bungwe ndi imayendetsedwa ndi akuluakulu a yekha chipani alipo mu dziko, boma anamasulidwa ku mwambo wa autocracy, amene anabweretsa nthawi yake I. V. Stalin.

Mwankhanza ndi kusayeruzika ndi mantha kwabasi zinkachitika mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza wa munthu - izo pamaso limaletsa chigamulo Communist Party. Pamene njira anatengedwa mu malangizo a akalakwitsa ndi zinthu mopitirira muyeso, kutsimikizira anthu kuti n'zosatheka kubwerera boma yapita, panali funso zimene chitukuko ndi wotsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la USSR "anayamba sosholisimu" n'lofunika.

Mapangidwe ntchito yapadera

Anaganiza chitani ndi gawo loyamba la Baibulo latsopano malamulo zofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, tinatsegula ntchito yapadera malamulo. mapangidwe ake yoyamba lipoti la Mlembi wa CPSU N. S. Hruscheva pa msonkhano wa Supreme Soviet 25 April 1962 Tsiku lomwelo panali pa msonkhano umene komiti ndi wovomerezeka. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba mwamsanga pofuna ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" (woyang'anira ntchito - N. S. Hruschev).

Pamene L. I. Brezhnev anaikidwa Mlembi Choyamba, iye basi anatenga monga wapampando wa bungwe la Constitutional. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kapangidwe kake linasinthidwa maulendo angapo, koma mfundo ya mapangidwe ndi wofanana - panali anthu yoyamba ya boma chipani utsogoleri, oimira Union ndi mayiko yoyenda yokha, madera ndi zigawo, komanso nthumwi zochokera antchito wamba, asayansi, etc ...

Development wa polojekiti

Pa siteji koyamba kulemba panali funso zimene ali yemweyo panthawi ya anthu Soviet ndi momwe zimayendera m'tsogolo. Malo zochokera "ulamuliro wa pa proletariat" analibe, chifukwa "kalasi kulimbana 'ngati kulibe.

Kuti amachoka malingaliro akale ndi kumanga kopambana latsopano anafunikira nthawi. Pasanakhale chiphunzitso cha "anayamba sosholisimu" wakhala pafupifupi zaka 15. Koma mwamsanga pamene maziko ake inakhazikitsidwa, asilikali Constitution amalemba kusuntha mofulumira kwambiri.

prerequisites

Kuyambira nthawi imene Constitution anavomerezedwa mu 1936, ndipo panatenga zaka makumi anayi kuvomerezedwa ndi chikalata watsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, ku Soviet Union pakhala kusintha kwambiri, mwanjira ina zinakhudza mbali zonse za moyo chikhalidwe.

M'malamulo yapita, anatengera mu 1936, anachokera chakuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa zoyamba za sosholisimu inatha. Tsopano izo pabwino, kuti Soviet Union wamanga okhwima ndipo anayamba anthu, zomwe zapangitsa kuti gulu osiyana a anthu otchedwa anthu Soviet.

Boma, lomwe adanyamuka pa maziko a "ulamuliro wa pa proletariat", wakhala tsopano fuko lonse, ndi chuma wakhala kwathunthu wadutsa mu chuma zokomera. The Party Communist chikuwonjezeka tithe wake, ndiponso udindo wake mu boma kuchita zinthu mwanzeru.

Socialism waikidwa pa ndime ndi machitidwe ena padziko lonse, komaso lonse kutchuka Soviet Union chinawonjezeka ndi kangapo. prerequisites onsewa kuti chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" anali mosalephera.

m'chilengezo

The ntchito za lamulo latsopano zofunika inafalitsidwa mu chiyambi cha June 1977, osati chapakati komanso pa dziko, dera ndi zigawo manyuzipepala. Iye Chikukambidwa kwa miyezi inayi - kuchokera June 5 mpaka mapeto a September. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma pa zokambirana za ntchito yatsopano panafika anthu oposa 140 miliyoni. Kuti ndi za zinayi asanu wa wamkulu anthu onse a Soviet Union. kukambirana pagulu pa nkhani wakonza kuti abweretse 450 zikwi maganizo kwa kusinthidwa, amene umalimbana angalongosolere, kusintha kapena kuwonjezera kusodza nkhani..

zinthu zazikulu za ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja

The malangizo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha boma ndi malamulo dongosolo Soviet analengeza kusintha ndi kulimbitsa demokalase zokomera. Ndipo ichi ntchito ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu". Pa amene amanena zimenezi akhoza akuyendera? Kumene, pansi Stalin, izo sizikanakhala mwa funso. Popeza ulamuliro wake yekha pa dziko wasintha kwambiri.

Komanso m'Chilamulo latsopano Basic anagwirizana maziko chikhalidwe cha boma Soviet - mgwirizano amphamvu ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba ndi anzeru. Iye ankatanthauza Kupambana kwa ena homogeneity chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mwayi ofanana kwa onse ozungulira chitukuko cha munthu aliyense.

Pankhani mfundo yachilendo, Constituion bwino akufotokoza kamba zofunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtendere, mgwirizano padziko lonse chitetezo cha anthu onse popanda yekha. Komanso adalalika ndi mfundo pang'onopang'ono kwa bwino-Msamariya pakati Soviet Union ndi m'mayiko ena. Mbali ya dziko dongosolo zokomera ndi mayiko Commonwealth ndi mfundo zofanana ndi la Soviet Union.

chuma

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" anali kulimbikitsa nyamuka kwambiri mu chikhalidwe ndi chuma, kakhalidwe ka moyo wa anthu Soviet. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tiyenera anayamba wapadera sayansi ofotokoza ndi yaitali strategy zachuma. Udindo waukulu mu pazochitika ndi boma la Soviet. Iwo amayenera kupereka gulu la kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa chilengedwe cha mfundo ano ndi luso m'munsi ndi kukhala ndi malamulo amene akanati zonse unagona zachuma.

The Madivelopa la chilamulo chatsopano zofunika anapita chakuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu" ngakhale bwino kulimbikitsa kale mbiri wamphamvu ogwirizana ndi bwino ukugwirira ntchito njira za chuma. chikalata ichi ndi nthawi woyambirira kulembedwa pa mlingo malamulo, ndi wapadera nkhani zachuma wa USSR.

mawonekedwe umwini

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu", tsiku akusangalala ndi kokha nkhani ya nthawi, zochokera dongosolo chuma kuika umwini zokomera a njira kupanga delivshuyusya mu njira ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anali boma la anthu, ndi zina - Co-kugwira ntchito. Komabe, panali mtundu wina wa katundu zokomera - chuma cha mgwirizano malonda ndi mabungwe ena onse. Koma chokhacho choyamba mitundu iwiri anatsimikiza chikhalidwe cha chuma ndi gulu la anthu ku oimira makalasi wochezeka - antchito wamba. Choncho ntchito yaikulu ya boma, enshrined mu Constitution yatsopano, ndi chitetezo katundu zokomera.

dongosolo Soviet zachuma inaperekedwa ndi ufulu chuma payekha. Zinali gwero la ntchito chikhalidwe zothandiza. Lamulo la 1977 anaika chakudya yaikulu ya za malamulo a aliyense ndi mitundu yonse ya umwini, ndi nzika zawo.

Ufulu ndi udindo

Latsopano malamulo zofunika amatitsimikizira chilungamo chikhalidwe, nzika za USSR. The Constitution enshrines ndi ufulu kugwira ntchito, zina, maphunziro, malipilo ndalama nkhani ya imfa ya breadwinner kapena chilema. Otchulidwa chikalata ndipo pa ufulu wa kulankhula ndi atolankhani, zitsanzo ndi akulowera, misonkhano ndi misonkhano, ndi zina zotero. D.

Ndi udindo wa anthu Soviet anauzidwa kusunga malamulo a USSR, kukhala woyenera mutu wa nzika za USSR, ndi mwa ubwino ntchito ndi chilango ku ntchito, kuteteza zofuna za boma lililonse thandizo njira kulimbitsa ulamuliro wake, ndi mphamvu, ndi ena.

Payokha, kuti ananena za ntchito yopatulika ya nzika iliyonse Soviet - chitetezo cha dziko lawo zokomera. Ciwembu - ndi mlandu manda ndi anthu awo. Wolemekezeka udindo wa nzika Soviet anali usilikali mu Mphamvu ya onyamula a dziko.

kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution

Komiti ya Drafting analengedwa pa zokambirana zapadera Council Wamkulukulu wa October 4, amene ali ndi udindo kwa yokonza asilikali chomaliza cha lamulo lenileni. Ikufotokozedwanso pa msonkhano ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu". Brezhnev anafotokoza zotsatira za chitukuko cha polojekiti ndi chiyanjo ake otchuka. Pa nthawiyi, iwo anachita monga 92 akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tinaganiza kusintha pa udindo eyiti, komanso kuwonjezera Nkhani latsopano.

Wachiwiri voti unachitikira patapita masiku atatu, kenako kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la "anayamba sosholisimu". Tsiku October 7, 1977 anapatsidwa u holide dziko.