Kutetezedwa amunamuna a Odessa (1941)

Posachedwapa anthu Uzichita chikumbutso sevente ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Yofunika kwambiri ndi tsiku kwa anthu a Soviet Union, amene agogo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo anachita chirichonse Arafat tsiku la chipulumutso chachikulu. Musati kufufuta pamtima anthu choonadi chonena za mavuto amene wabweretsa anthu fascism, za ungwazi la ngwazi amene anapulumutsa dziko ku "bulauni mliri". Mwachitsanzo, sizidzaiwalika chitetezo cha Odessa (1941). Iye anapita mu mabuku a mbiri nkhondo monga mmodzi wa zitsanzo bwino kwambiri ntchito zimenezi.

Chitetezo cha Odessa mu chaka choyamba cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: chiyambi

Monga amadziwika, Soviet Union mwadzidzidzi anaukira ndi mayiko June 22, 1941 Nazi unit wa chaka, ndipo pakutha masiku atatu okha pamodzi ndi ena, mlingo wa Southern Front unakhazikitsidwa. Against iye m'gawo anatambasula pa makilomita mazana asanu kuchokera mu mzinda wa Odessa kuti Lipkany kumenyana asilikali Romania. Ngakhale kupambana la Southern Front kanthu kunafunika mthunzi wa ziwalo ku East mu miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya nkhondo. chakuti anzathu kumpoto chakumadzulo sikuti panalibe njira yabwino, ndipo ali ndi mwayi wabwino kulowa chilengedwe. Lachisanu la August kumenyana anayamba kale kunja kwa mzinda wa Odessa, ndipo patapita mlungu asilikali kuteteza mzindawo, anali kwathunthu asakhalenso mu mphamvu yaikulu ya Southern Front, monga asilikali Romania-German anali kupeza kuzungulira mzindawo kuchokera kummawa, ndi kuchitenga lazungulira lapansi.

Mbali nawo nkhondoyo mbali zonse chikumenyana

Panthawi imene mzinda kwathunthu atazungulira mayunitsi a Romania Army ndi Wehrmacht, panali mbali ya Independent m'mphepete mwa nyanja Army, analamula mkulu General Georgiy Pavlovich Safronov asilikali a Black Sea zombo ndi Odessa Naval Base, komanso asilikali, wopangidwa mwa okha nzika. Okwana kuteteza mphamvu pa chiyambi cha August 1941 analipo anthu 34.5 zikwi, koma pa mapeto a September - asilikali za 86 zikwi ndi ankhondo. Poganizira chiwerengero cha ku Romania Army, amene analamula Nikolae Chuperka, mu kapangidwe kake mu kuzinga Odessa anatenga gawo 340 000 asilikali ndi alonda.

Odessa wazingidwa

August chinayi zothetsera anaganiza kuti akonzekeretse asilikali m'dera (Spa) molamulidwa ndi kumbuyo asilikali Gavriila Vasilevicha Zhukova, imene inali m'mbali zotsatirazi:

• Fontanka.
• kapu yake.
• Kovalenko.
• Otradovki.
• Pervomaisk.
• Belyaevka.
• Lighthouses.
• Carolino Bugaz.

Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, ntchito yomanga yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri, komanso mapangidwe militias pakati pa nzika za Odessa, amene ochokera zida zankhondo. Komanso, mapeto a August kuthandiza zokometsera wa Odessa Black Sea zombo lamulo ali allocated anthu 2,4 zikwi, ndi pa September 15 mu mzinda wa Novorossiysk unasamutsidwira 157th oyenda Division. Ndi kuyamika cholimba thandizo anthu oti Kupititsa chitetezo cha Odessa ndi silinagawanike.

amaikira kumbuyo kwa mzindawo, osati anagwirizira mzere adani, komanso imachitika mndandanda wa bwino ntchito zolawula. Makamaka mu gawo la kum'mawa la chitetezo m'ma September anaponyedwa ndipo tidakocheza mpweya ndi nyanja kumenya ndi anamasulidwa midzi Grigorievsky Chabanka, Chakale ndi Chatsopano Dofinovki. Yowotcha anathetsa doko la Odessa ndipo madziwo, ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lonse mzere kutsogolo ndi kwambiri okhazikika.

mthunzi

Chitetezo cha Odessa anawomberedwa October 16, 1941, ndipo mzindawo m'manja mwa asilikali Romania. chifukwa anali njira tiganizira limaitana, omwe ankaona kuti vuto pa nthawi imeneyo Crimea malangizo, ndi bwino kuti ndi kulanda asilikali otsekeredwa mu mzinda ndi nyanja Sevastopol.

Ambiri, mbiri ya nkhondo pali zitsanzo zochepa za bwinobwino ntchito pa achire wa asilikali mzere wa kukhudzana ndi mdani ndi zomvetsa osachepera ndi kukhalabe imapanga awo nkhondo. Mmodzi mwa amenewa ndi gulu la magawo, ikuchitika chitetezo cha Odessa, amene ndiye olembedwa atolankhani Soviet, "anapita kunja kwa mzinda, sadzakhala Amaipitsanso ulemu wanu."

Occupation ndipo akuvutika

Chitetezo cha Odessa ndi Sevastopol ndalama asilikali Soviet, amene panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri anatumikira monga oimira anthu onse okhala Soviet Union, kuphatikizapo Ukrainians, anthu ambirimbiri. Panali anthu ambiri mwa anthu wamba. Makamaka, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chitetezo cha Odessa inajambulidwa (1941), kupereka misa anawatengera uko. Makamaka anaikirapo imfa ya ochepa achiyuda ku ubale umene Romania mphamvu utakhala anagwira mfundo za chiwonongeko chotheratu. Komanso, mu mzinda ndi akaidi a nkhondo, amene pamodzi ndi antchito Soviet ndi amene sadakhoza kuzitsimikizira wosalakwa kwa "mpikisano otsika", woyamba unachitikira m'ndende mu zakale sitolo onga, ndipo kenako anamuombera kapena awotchedwe amoyo, ndi anatsanulira mafuta nyumbayi.

kumasulidwa

The athamangitsidwe wa Aisiraeli ku Odessa anayamba April 9, 1944 monga mbali ya ntchito asilikali ikuchitika ndi Chachitatu Chiyukireniya Front, analamula Army General Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky. Tsiku lotsatira, m'mawa, mzinda wonse pansi pa ulamuliro wa Red Army, amene anapitilira nagonjetsa bwino malangizo a Dniester.

The Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Odessa" amene amagwira ntchito

The mphoto unakhazikitsidwa mu December 1942. Anafuna kulemekeza asilikali ndi anthu wamba omwe atenga mbali mwachindunji chitetezo cha Odessa panthawi 5 August 16 October 1941. Nthawi zambiri ankavala pa chifuwa kumanzere, lamanja la munthu Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow", ngati aliyense.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati Mendulo munthu

mphoto ichi chapangidwa kuchokera ku dzimbiri kapena mkuwa monga bwalo ndi awiri a 3.2 masentimita. The obverse akunena Red Army ndi Red Navy chithunzi ndi zida manja awo ndi maziko pa nyanja womwenso ndi nyumba nsanja. Mwachindunji pamwamba mawu akuti "USSR", ndipo ngakhale apamwamba m'mphepete mwa bwalo kwalembedwa mu makalata anakweza mau akuti "Pakuti Kuteteza Odessa", anamaliza pakati pa nyenyezi ziwiri ting'onoting'ono. The mmunsi mwa obverse ali chokongoletsedwa ndi wa mlombwa wreath, zapiringizana ndi maliboni. Koma n'zosiyana, kuti anapanga chizindikiro mwambo mphoto ya Soviet pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - "Pakuti Mama athu Soviet", ndipo pamwamba tazokotedwa nyundo ndi chikwakwa. Zikho "Pakuti chitetezo Odessa" kudzera mphete ndi tsamba amamangiriridwa ku elongate Mzere mu mawonekedwe a Pentagon, yokutidwa silika ziwiri mtundu milozo riboni (zitatu buluu ndi mikwingwirima awiri wobiriwira a m'lifupi wofanana). Malinga 1985, mphoto imeneyi inali kuperekedwa kwa asilikali zikwi makumi atatu kwa Red Army asilikali a Navy ndi NKVD asilikali ndi anthu wamba.

chikumbutso

Kutetezedwa amunamuna a Odessa, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga mmodzi wa yowala zitsanzo wakutemwa anthu Soviet. Pokumbukira amene ataya moyo wawo kuti ateteze mzindawo ndi ku nyanja buluu, mu 1975 pa malo mu chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anakakhala malo a batire m'mphepete mwa nyanja 411th, chikumbutso chinaonetsedwa. Zovuta ndi chionetsero cha zida za nkhondo, zikuchokera sculptural mu mawonekedwe a chithunzi cha mkazi amalira thupi la womwalirayo komanso Pamwalawo "Katyusha". Komanso, mpingo inamangidwa pa dera la chikumbutso kwa Georgiya Pobedonostsa.

Kapangidwe wina chachikulu lakonzedwa zikutikumbutsa lopitirira la ungwazi la ngwazi za kuti chitetezo amunamuna a Odessa unachitikira kwa chaka choyamba cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - ndi "lamba Omveka", umene ndi zipilala 11. Iwo anamangidwa ku malo kumene kunali ankhondo ambiri aukali. Chaka chilichonse mu April, unachitikira ku Odessa ndi kuyenda mpikisano kupalasa njinga mtundu pamodzi "lamba Omveka", anapima kuti patha zaka za ufulu kwa adani Nazi.

Tsopano kuti mudziŵe mmene unatha chitetezo cha Odessa, mbali atenga mbali mu izo, ndi zimene zinali zotsatira zake.