Kondakitala mu munda electrostatic. Akuwauza, semiconductors, dielectrics

mankhwala amene ali ndi ufulu tinthu ndi mlandu akuyenderera mthupi ndi zochita za m'munda magetsi mwadongosolo, wotchedwa wochititsa mu munda electrostatic. A tinthu ufulu foni milandu. Dielectrics, Komano alibe iwo. Akuwauza ndi insulators ndi zachilengedwe osiyana ndi katundu.

kondakitala

The electrostatic munda ochititsa - zitsulo, zamchere, njira acidic ndi saline, ndi mipweya ionized. The ufulu mlandu zonyamulira mu zitsulo - ndi ufulu ma elekitironi.

Pa chiphaso m'munda yunifolomu magetsi, mmene zitsulo - ochititsa kwaulere chingakuthandizeni malangizo ndi wotsutsa ku voteji munda vekitala. KUCHULUKA mbali imodzi ya ma elekitironi adzakhazikitsa mlandu zoipa ndi mbali zina za kuchuluka kwawo osakwanira adzachititsa maonekedwe a owonjezera kuyang'anira positive. Iwo likukhalira kuti milandu gawo. Uncompensated milandu osiyana uka mchikakamizo cha minda kunja. Choncho iwo anachititsa, ndi wochititsa m'munda electrostatic mlandu chikhalire.

milandu uncompensated

Electrifying, pamene milandu ali adagawanso pakati pa ziwalo, amatchedwa electrostatic kupatsidwa ulemu. Uncompensated milandu magetsi kupanga thupi, mkati ndi kunja mavuto zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake. Tasiyana ndiye kudziunjikira pa zomenyanazo wa wochititsa pa munda mkati mphamvu ukuwonjezeka. Chifukwa, izo zimakhala ziro. Ndiye milandu ndi moyenera.

Motero mlandu uncompensated ndi kunja. Zimenezi ntchito kuti apeze chitetezo electrostatic, kuteteza ku zochita za m'minda. Iwo anayikidwa mu gululi kapena kukupatsani zitsulo nyumba.

dielectrics

Zinthu popanda ufulu mlandu magetsi pa zinthu muyezo (i.e., pamene kutentha si kwambiri ndi otsika) amatchedwa insulators. The tinthu Pankhaniyi sayenda m'thupi ndipo ankatembenukira kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe. Choncho, milandu magetsi umanena.

Dielectrics anawagawa m'magulu malinga ndi dongosolo maselo. Mamolekyulu wa dielectrics a gulu loyamba ndi asymmetrical. Zina madzi mwachizolowezi ndi nitrobenzene, ndi mowa. milandu yawo zabwino ndi zoipa sizigwirizana. Iwo amachita dipoles magetsi. mamolekyu otere amaonedwa kumalo ozizira. mphindi awo magetsi ndi phindu amalire zinthu zonse zosiyana.

Gulu lachiwiri tichipeza dielectrics, amene mamolekyulu ndi dongosolo symmetrical. paraffin ichi, mpweya, asafe. Zabwino ndi zoipa milandu ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana. Ngati palibe munda kunja magetsi, ndi magetsi dipole kamphindi ndi kwina. Izi si kumalo ozizira mamolekyulu.

Mosiyana milandu ku mamolekyulu mu munda kunja ndi kuchepetsa malo umalimbana mu madera osiyana. Akusinthika mu dipoles ndi kutenga mphindi wina magetsi.

Dielectrics wa gulu lachitatu dongosolo mibulu ya ayoni a.

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi khalidwe ngati dipole mu munda kunja homogeneous (chifukwa molekyulu ongokhala dielectrics nonpolar ndi kumalo ozizira).

Aliyense dipole mlandu anapatsa mphamvu, omwe ali limodzi ndi gawo lomwelo, koma ina (zosiyana). Anapanga magulu awiri ali ndi makokedwe pansi kanthu a dipole omwe amamuchititsa lizitembenuka kuti malangizo zamoyo zina zingasiyane. Chifukwa, amalandira munda kunja.

The sanali kumalo ozizira dielectric kunja mmunda magetsi palibe. Choncho, molekyulu wopanda mphindi magetsi. The kumalo ozizira dielectric matenthedwe zoyenda aumbike pa-. Chifukwa cha mphindi ino magetsi ndi madera osiyana, ndi vekitala ndalama zawo - ziro. Ndiko kuti, insulator ali mphindi magetsi.

Dielectric m'munda yunifolomu magetsi

Dielectric anaika m'munda yunifolomu magetsi. Ife tikudziwa kale kuti dipoles - mamolekyulu ndi kumalo ozizira ndipo sanali kumalo ozizira dielectrics, amene analamulira, malinga ndi munda kunja. zamoyo zina awo analamula. Ndiye Uwerenge zamoyo zina si ziro, ndi insulator ali mphindi magetsi. Mkati, pali milandu zabwino ndi zoipa zomwe vzaimokompensirumy ndipo pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Choncho, insulator ndipo salandira mlandu.

Kutsutsana kali ndi milandu kugawanika uncompensated kuti ndi ofanana ndi, dielectric ndi magetsi.

Ngati inu kutenga insulator amaayoni ndipo anaika m'munda magetsi, ndi galasi latisi wa ayoni, ndi pang'ono ena. Chifukwa, ndi amaayoni dielectric kulandira mphindi magetsi.

The milandu kugawanika kupanga munda wake magetsi omwe ali ndi zosiyana kunja. Choncho, munda electrostatic amene kwaiye milandu anaika mu insulator analandira ndi zosakwana mu vacuo.

kondakitala

A zosiyana aumbike ndi ochititsa. Ngati ochititsa magetsi kuwonjezera ku munda electrostatic, auka pachimake panopa, monga wotumidwa milandu ufulu mphamvu ya magetsi azipereka kwa maonekedwe a apaulendo. Koma imatchedwanso malamulo onse a irreversibility thermodynamic, pamene aliyense ndondomeko zikuluzikulu mu dongosolo chatsekedwa ndipo gululo ayenera kenako kutha, ndipo equilibrate dongosolo.

Wochititsa mu munda electrostatic - thupi la zitsulo, kumene ma elekitironi kuyamba kusuntha ndi mphamvu mizere ndi kuyamba kudziunjikira kumanzere. Kondakitala bwino kutaya ma elekitironi ndi kulandira mlandu positive. Mu kulekana kwa milandu iye kupeza munda wake magetsi. Zimenezi zimatchedwa electrostatic kupatsidwa ulemu.

Mkati wochititsa wa electrostatic mphamvu kumunda ndi ziro, kuti n'zosavuta kutsimikizira kupita mmbuyo.

Features khalidwe mlandu

Mlandu anasonkhanitsa padziko kondakitala. Komanso, ndi anagawira kuti mlandu kachulukidwe lolunjika pa kupindika padziko. Apa zidzakhala kuposa malo ena.

Akuwauza ndi semiconductors ndi kupindika pa kwambiri pachimake ngodya m'mbali ndipo anamaliza. Palinso anati waukulu woyang'anira osalimba. Pamodzi ndi kukula kwake ndi kukula kusagwirizana kumeneko. Choncho, zimenezi zimapangitsa wamphamvu munda magetsi. Zikuoneka kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga mlandu, chifukwa zimene zimawuluka mlandu kwa wochititsa lapansi.

Ngati tiyang'ana pa wochititsa mu minda electrostatic, amene anachotsa gawo lamkati, ndidzakuwonetsa patsekeke. Kuchokera kanthu zidzasintha, chifukwa m'munda izo sizinali, ndipo sadzatero. Ndithudi, M'mimbamo izo si ndi tanthauzo.

Pomaliza

Ife takambirana ochititsa ndi dielectrics. Tsopano inu mukhoza kumvetsa kusiyana kwawo ndi mbali ya makhalidwe anasonyeza chofanana. Choncho, iwo zinthu mosiyana m'munda yunifolomu magetsi.