Hayidiroliki chiyesedwe cha mapaipi kachitidwe Kutentha

Only ntchito ndi odalirika ntchito dongosolo Kutentha akhoza kuonetsetsa bata ndi wabwinobwino ntchito yofunika ya anthu pa nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zina pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya umphawi wadzaoneni, umene ntchito a dongosolo akhoza kusiyana kwambiri pa chilengedwe wamba. Hayidiroliki chiyesedwe cha mapaipi ndi kukakamizidwa kukayezetsa ndi zofunika kupewa mavuto amene angakhalepo mu Kutentha nyengo.

Cholinga cha mayesero hayidiroliki

Monga ulamuliro, dongosolo lililonse Kutentha ikutha mu mode muyezo. Ntchito coolant kuthamanga mu nyumba otsika-nyamuka makamaka 2 ATM, mu nyumba naini storey - 5-7 atmospheres, mu nyumba mkulu-nyamuka - 7-10 ATM. The Kutentha dongosolo anaika pansi, kuthamanga index n'kutheka kuti 12 ATM.

Nthawi zina zosayembekezereka kuthamanga nsonga zimachitika kuti kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwake mu maukonde. Chifukwa ndi madzi nyundo. Hayidiroliki chiyesedwe cha Kutentha mapaipi m'pofunika kuyesa dongosolo, si luso ntchito mu zinthu muyezo yachibadwa, komanso umatha kuthana ndi vuto la kukakhala.

Ngati pa zifukwa zina dongosolo Kutentha si kuyesedwa, ndiye zodabwitsa kenako hayidiroliki zingachititse ngozi yaikulu imene zimalambira Gulf wa otentha maofesi madzi, zipangizo, mipando, etc.

The ndondomeko ya ntchito

Hayidiroliki chiyesedwe cha mapaipi adzakhala mu ndondomeko izi.

• Kuyeretsedwa mapaipi.
• Unsembe wa cranes, mapulagi ndi gauges.
• Lumikizani madzi ndi la atolankhani hayidiroliki.
• Mapaipi ndizodzazidwa ndi madzi mtengo wolakalakika.
• Yenderani mipope ndipo yang'anirani malo pamene pali zopindika.
• Kucotsa ziwonongeke.
• Pogwira pa Mayeso chachiwiri.
• Disconnecting kwa madzi ndi kumaliseche madzi piping lapansi.
• Kuchotsa zipewa ndi gauges.

ntchito kukonzekera

Musanayambe ntchito mayeso hayidiroliki wa mapaipi kachitidwe Kutentha, m'pofunika kuti kafukufuku kuli nthambi zonse, mudzaze mavavu pa Zisindikizo. Payipi ndi anakonza ndipo adafikapo kutchinjiriza. The kwambiri dongosolo Kutentha ayenera anapambulwa pa ngalande yaikulu kudzera mapulagi lapansi.

Pambuyo zonse zofunikira mwai Kutentha dongosolo ladzala ndi madzi. Kudzera mwa zida ikukoka amalenga overpressure, mlingo opaleshoni ake ndi apamwamba pafupifupi 1.3-1.5 nthawi. Kuthamanga chifukwa mu dongosolo Kutentha iyenela akadali kwa mphindi 30. Ngati mulibe kuchepa dongosolo Kutentha ndi wokonzeka ntchito. Kuvomereza ntchito mayeso hayidiroliki kuthamanga akuchita anayendera Intaneti magetsi.

Mayesero kwa mphamvu ndi zikayamba

Kuyambirira kuyezetsa ndi kuvomereza hayidiroliki piping (SNP 3.05.04-85) ayenera kuchitika ndondomeko.

mphamvu

1. Kuthamanga payipi limatuluka kuyesa (P _i) ndi ikukoka madzi ndipo anakhalabe kwa mphindi 10. Musalole kuchepetsa kuthamanga kuposa 1 kgf / mamita ² (0.1 MPa).
2. Mayeso kuthamanga yafupika kapangidwe (P _p) wa m'kati, ndiye amapereka kudzera mwa ikukoka madzi. Payipi anayendera wapangidwa wopunduka aliyense nthawi wofunikila oyenera.
3. Zopindika anapeza kuletsedwa, ndiye kachiwiri hayidiroliki mayeso kuthamanga payipi. M'pamene angathe muyamba kuyesa kwa kuchucha.

impermeability

1. Kuthamanga payipi limatuluka ku mtengo wa mayeso chifukwa kuchucha (P _g).
2. Atathana kuyamba nthawi mayeso (T _m), mu chingwe thanki anayeza koyamba madzi mlingo (h _n).
3. Ndiye inaona cha kuchepa payipi kuthamanga amalimbikitsa.

Pali zinthu zitatu kuthamanga dontho mfundo amawaona.

choyamba

Ngati mphindi 10 anzawo ndichepe mlingo wa zosakwana 2 kulembalemba lonse n'zotsimikizira, koma ali pansipa masamu mkati (P _p), ndiye n'zotheka kumaliza kuonerera lapansi.

chachiwiri

Ngati pambuyo Mphindi 10 kuthamanga mtengo dontho ndi zosakwana 2 zizindikiro manometer lonse, ndiye kuwunika kuchepa mu kuthamanga kwa mumtima (P _{p) kuchita} masamu ayenera kupitiriza mpaka nthawi monga zilibe adzagwa osachepera 2 zizindikiro kuyeza sikelo.

Kutalika chidwi kwa mapaipi konkire sayenera upambana maola 3, kuitulutsa zitsulo, zitsulo, asibesitosi simenti mapaipi - 1 ora. Patapita nthawi ino, kuthamanga ayenera kusanduka kamangidwe (P _p), mwinamwake Bwezerani anapanga mapaipi madzi mu thanki chingwe.

chachitatu

Ngati mphindi 10 anzawo adzakhala zosakwana mawerengedwe mkati (P _p) ndi zina hayidiroliki mipope mayeso kachitidwe Kutentha ayenera kaye ndi kutenga njira kuthetsa zopindika zobisika ndi kukhalabe chubu pansi mkati kapangidwe kuthamanga (P _p) mpaka nthawi monga kuphunzira anawulula palibe zopindika kuti adzachititsa payipi kuthamanga dontho liri losayenera.

Khama la buku zina za madzi

Nditamaliza ananena kuthamanga dontho index wa chimake choyamba ndi kuletsa kumaliseche a coolant mu chimake chachiwiri kuchita zotsatirazi.

• Kudzera mwa paging ooneka enieni mosungiramo madzi kuthamanga mu kuwonjezeka payipi kukhala wofunika pa mayeso hayidiroliki (P _g).
• M'pofunika ndikukumbukira nthawi pamene pa zikayamba mayeso (T _k).
• Kenako, muyenera kuyeza mu chitini muyeso wa chomaliza madzi H _K.
• Kudziwa nthawi mayeso piping (T _K -T _n), min.
• Kuwerengetsa buku amawapopa kuchokera thanki madzi ooneka enieni Q (kwa chimake 1).
• Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mabuku a amawapopa ndi akatulutsidwa mipope madzi kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi Tanthauzo zina Q (kwa chimake 2).
• Kuwerengera ndalama leni otaya kubaya madzi zina (Q _n) ndi _{chilinganizo zotsatirazi: Q N = Q / (T} K -T n)

Drafting mchitidwe

Umboni kuti zonse za ntchitoyi kumasonyeza mayesero hayidiroliki piping inkachitikira. chikalata ichi ndi wasenza ndi Woyang'anira ndi chikutsimikizira kuti ntchito imagwiridwa zoletsedwa ndi malamulo onse, malangizo, ndi kuti dongosolo magetsi ali anatsutsana nawo bwinobwino.

kuyezetsa hayidiroliki wa mapaipi akhoza kuchitika mu njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu:

1. Anzanu njira - kuyezetsa zimachitika gauges kuthamanga, zida kuti mbiri kuthamanga kuwerenga. Pa ntchito zipangizo amenewa akusonyeza kuthamanga ziliri pa dongosolo magetsi. Unachitikira kuyezetsa hayidiroliki wa mapaipi ndi n'zotsimikizira kuthamanga amalola anthu ochita chipikisheni kutsimikizira zomwe mlingo kuthamanga wakhala kuyezetsa. Choncho, mafuta injiniya ndi Woyang'anira limafufuza mmene odalirika mayeso anapanga.
2. Hydrostatic njira imatengedwa bwino kwambiri, timatha kukayendera dongosolo Kutentha ntchito pa kupanikiza choposa ndalama pafupifupi opaleshoni 50%.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo la kokayezetsa pa nthawi yosiyana, mmene chiyesedwe hayidiroliki wa mapaipi sukhalitsa kwa mphindi zosakwana 10. M'magulu Kutentha imatengedwa chovomerezeka kuthamanga dontho index wa 0,02 MPa.

Mkhalidwe waukulu woyamba wa Kutentha nyengo ali bwino imachitikira ndi bwino cholinga kuyezetsa hayidiroliki wa mapaipi (SNIP 3.05.04-85), malinga ndi zofunikira za zolembedwa panopa zolimbana.