Mabomba okonzedwanso a konkire: kupanikizika ndi mapaipi osagwira ntchito

Mipope ya Ferroconcrete, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zamakono ndi mapulasitiki, sizinaleke kutchuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misewu. Amatha kunyamula katundu wolemetsa.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Mabomba okonzedwanso a konkire amapezeka m'magetsi apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika matanki amadzimadzi, omwe mafakitale ndi zinyama zakutchire amasamukira. Poganizira kuti mapaipi amenewa ali ndi maperesenti ofunika kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga osonkhanitsa. Zili zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kayendedwe ka mphepo yamkuntho. Mapaipi amenewa akhoza kukhala ndi mbiri yosiyana, yomwe imawalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pokweza nyumba zosiyana ndi mtundu wa zothandizira, maziko ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu ya konkire yowonjezeredwa

Mabomba okonzedwanso a konkire amaikidwa malinga ndi njira zina. Kotero, iwo akhoza kukhala opanda mphamvu. Zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zakumwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Ndikosavomerezeka kuzigwiritsira ntchito muzochitika zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zakumwa. Komabe, mapaipi oterewa amatha kutenga zinthu zamtundu wapamwamba, komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Gawo lachiwiri la mabomba okonzedwanso a konkire ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikira misewu yomwe imagwira ntchito yolemera kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe a mkati. Zopangidwa zosiyanasiyanazi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, lomwe limaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa kupopera, kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe labwino. Mapepala a konkire amathandizidwa ndi makoma akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zina amafika 10% pozungulira mkati mwake.

Palinso mapaipi apadera kwambiri, omwe nthawi zina amatha kufika mamita 2 ndi kutalika kwa mamita asanu 5. Zogulitsa zimenezi ndizolimba kwambiri. Ponena za mapepala amatsenga, akhoza kukhala ndi imodzi mwa zinayi zomwe zimasinthidwa kupsinjika (5-20 atmospheres), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamadzimadzi zomwe sizimadziwika ndi sing'anga. Popanga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapezeka, zomwe m'mimba mwake zimakhala mkati mwa 40-160 masentimita.

Mipope ya konkire yowonjezeredwa imayikidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake kwa muluwo. Pali magulu atatu, omwe amachokera mtunda kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi mkati mwa 2, 4 ndi 6 m.

Spigot ferro-concrete mapaipi

Chitoliro choterechi chimakhala ngati pulasitiki wamtengo wapatali. Pofuna kuti interfacing ya zoterezi zisindikizidwe, zisindikizo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu ya chingwechi imangokhala, izi zimawapangitsa kukhala wamba. Pachifukwa ichi, kutalika kwa mapulogalamuwo ndi kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwake. Zoterezi zingakhale zovuta kapena zopanikiza.

Kulemba kwa mankhwala ogulitsa konkire

Pofuna kumvetsa zinthu zomwe zili patsogolo panu - kulimbikitsa mapiritsi a konkire, osakakamiza spigots kapena ena, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa. Choncho, chiwerengero choyamba, chomwe chimawoneka pa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ali ndi belu, amasonyeza kufunika kwa gawo la mkati, deta imasonyezedwa mu masentimita. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwachiwiri kumvetsa kuti kutalika kwa chubu ndi kotani, ndi njira yomwe imatchulidwira. Chithunzi chomalizira ndicho mphamvu yothandizira, yomwe imasonyeza kukula kovomerezeka kwa kuikidwa.

Ngati pipeni culvert ilimbikitsidwa konkire ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poika kukanikiza mutu, ndiye kuti idzakhala tsamba yachidule TN. Ngati pali phokoso pa chitoliro, malo okha kapena malo oyendamo, mukhoza kuwona chiwerengero cha TB, TP, TS, mofanana. Koma zogulitsidwa zingakhale ndi zizindikiro izi: TF, DFT, TBPP, TO, FC ndi ena.

Zotsatira za katundu wa w / w

Mankhwala a ferro-konkire osagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena opanikizika amaphatikizapo ubwino wochuluka, choyamba chimene chimatanthauza mphamvu zazikulu ndi zodalirika za mankhwala. Makhalidwewa amachokera ku teknoloji yapadera yopanga. Ndi kuponyedwa kwa centrifugal komwe kumathekera kupeza zinthu zoterezi. Pamene mukupanga, vibrocompression imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ubwino wowonjezeredwa wa makonzedwe a konkire ndi ndalama zochepa, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi ndalama zochepa zopangira; Ndipo amatha kusintha kusintha kwa kutentha. Komanso, mapaipi akhoza kugwira ntchito ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mmavuto akunja. Konkire sichimabweretsera kutupa, komanso sichivunda, chomwe chimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha nthawi zambiri kuposa chitsulo. Zina mwa ubwino wa akatswiri ndi maonekedwe a zinthu, izi zimathandiza kuthetsa mafunde oyendayenda. Adzatumikira zoterezi kwa zaka zopitirira theka la zana.

Zofuna za mapepala a konkire otetezedwa

Mankhwala a ferro-konkire osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makayipi opanikizika amakhala ndi zovuta zina. Nthawi zina pofuna kukonzekera, palifunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yotsika mtengo. Kuonjezera apo, pa njira yosalala ya zakumwa nthawi zina, pakufunika kuyika mkati mwa mapaipi ndi mapangidwe apadera, omwe akuphatikizapo ntchito yowonjezera.

GOST 6482-88

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi GOST: mapiritsi a konkire oyimbidwa molingana ndi momwe ayenera kukhalira ndi madzi, kuphatikizapo, ayenera kukhala mkati mwa mphamvu ya hydrostatic mu 0.05 MPa. Konkire iyenera kukhala yogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko a mapaipi ayenera kukhala konkrete yolemera, yokonzedwa molingana ndi GOST 26633, mphamvu zake zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi B25.

Mphamvu zowonongeka zomwe zatchulidwa zingasinthidwe, koma zosokoneza zomwe zimapitirira malire a GOST 13015.0 sizilandiridwa. Kukaniza kwa madzi a makoma a pomba ayenera kufanana ndi kalasi ya W4. Kutenga madzi sikuyenera kupitirira 6% peresenti. Monga chitsulo cholimbikitsira , zitsulo A-I ndi A-III (GOST 5781) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zizindikiro za mabomba a konkire

Zonse zamtengo wapatali zowonjezera makompyuta a konkire zimayendetsedwa ndi GOST, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa konkire osati mapepala osokonezeka sayenera kukhala ndi ming'alu pamakoma, mwinamwake sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito. Mwachilendo, ming'alu ya shrinkage ikuwoneka, ndipo m'kati mwake sichidutsa 0.05 mm. Kuyenerera kumatsimikiziranso ndi miyezo. Choncho, mapaipi omwe amatchedwa TB, TSP, TBP, ndi TC ayenera kugulitsidwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa wogula pamodzi ndi mphete zosindikizira zowika mphira. Ubwino umatsimikiziranso ndi kulondola kwa kulemba, izi zikusonyeza kuti wopanga amatsata mosamala malamulo omwe atchulidwa mu GOST. Chizindikirocho chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa chingwecho, chizindikirocho chingakhale pamapeto amodzi a chubu.

Diameters ya mapepala a konkire oyimbitsedweratu ananenedwa pamwamba ndipo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kwa kukhazikitsa dongosolo linalake, mungasankhe mankhwala ndi magawo ena. Musaganize kuti ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolemetsa panthawi yopangidwira , ntchitoyi idzakhala yogula kwambiri kusiyana ndi yomwe ili ndi mapaipi kuchokera ku zinthu zina. Ndiponsotu, mapaipi a konkire amatha kudzikonza okha pa moyo wautumiki, popanda kukonzekera kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zipope zowonjezera zitsulo zimakhala zokwanira pa stacking, chifukwa chake amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma asanayambe kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe apadera ndikufunikira kuyankhulana ndi katswiriyo.