Senti ya Aluminous: maonekedwe, makhalidwe, ntchito

Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri pomanga ndi simenti. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga simenti ya asibesitosi, konkire yowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu za konkire, zotengera. Ndi simenti imatanthawuza gulu la zinthu zowonjezereka zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi aluminates ndi silicates zomwe zimapangidwa pokonza zipangizo zapamwamba kutentha ndi kuchepetsedwa kapena kusungunuka pang'ono.

Zomwe zimapangidwa

Mafuta oyera ndi miyala ya bauxite amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo. Zotsalirazo ndi thanthwe, lomwe liri ndi zosafunika ndi madzi. Bauxite yakhala ikufalikira ponseponse mu mafakitale a mafakitale kuti apange malonda, refractories, aluminium ndi zina.

Simenti ya Aluminous imadziwika ndi chiwerengero cha aluminate imodzi-calcined mu makina opangira, omwe amatsimikizira zizindikiro zazikulu za binder. Komanso lili ndi gehlenite yomwe imathandiza kuti tizilumikizidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso dicalcium silicate.

Pamene madzi atsekedwa, calcium aluminate imodzi imayamba kutulutsa madzi. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira pambaliyi zimakhala mbali yolimba kwambiri. Kukulitsa simenti kumayamba kukhazikika mu mphindi 45-60, kuumitsa kwathunthu kumachitika maola khumi. N'zotheka kusintha nyengoyo ndi kuwonjezera kwa accelerators (gypsum, laimu) kapena retarders (calcium chloride, boric acid).

Zizindikiro

Senti ya Aluminous ili ndi mphamvu yochepa ya chidziwitso, popeza miyalayi imakhala ndi maonekedwe osakanikirana. Kuphatikizanso apo, kukhalapo kwa hydrated cubic monoaluminate kumayambitsa imfa ya misa panthawi yopangidwira.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi kubwerera kwa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumachitika maola ochepa oyamba a solidification. Malowa amathandiza pokonza konkirekiti m'nyengo yozizira, koma nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.

Kukulitsa simenti, wopangidwa ndi aluminous, kumakhala chiwerengero cha zipangizo zosagwira moto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zowonongeka zowonongeka mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoterezi monga chamotte, ore, magnesite.

Kuwonjezera apo, chinthu chosiyana ndi miyala yamchere yokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kutsutsa kwakukulu kutsutsana ndi masamba a mafuta, acids, madzi a m'nyanja.

Zida zimenezi zimatha kupereka yankho ndi konkire ndi mphamvu ya chinyezi komanso kukula kwake. Koma ndizowonongeka mofulumira mothandizidwa ndi alkalis ndi ammonium salt.

Kupanga

Senti ya Aluminous imapangidwa ndi njira ziwiri: kuwombera kutentha ndi kusungunuka. Njira yomaliza imayenera kukonzekera chigamulocho, kusungunuka pambuyo poziziritsa, kupukuta ndi kupukuta. Njira yophika pakuphimba zigawo zoyambirirazo, kuyenga bwino ndikusakanikirana mpaka uniforms yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ikudziwika, ndiye granulated kapena ufa osakaniza amachotsedwa mu mitundu yambiri ya zitsulo. Pambuyo pake zinthuzo zitakhazikika komanso zowonongeka.

Mwala wamtengo wapatali umapeza mphamvu zochepa ndi malo owonjezereka chifukwa cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa hydroaluminate. Choncho, mankhwala opangidwa sali ozunguzika ndi steaming.

Pang'ono pokha kuuma kumachitika pamene kutentha kumachepa. Ngati mchere utakhazikika ku zowonongeka, kuumitsa ndi madzi sikungatheke, choncho, kumafunika kupereka nyengo yabwino.

Mitundu ya simenti ya aluminous

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu: high-alumina ndi simenti yamtengo. Chizindikiro chimatsimikizika pa tsiku lachitatu mutatha kupanga zitsanzozo. Chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali komanso kusowa kwa zipangizo, simenti imagulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Zinthuzo ndi ufa wabwino wa mtundu wakuda, wakuda kapena wakuda. Senti ya Aluminous, yomwe mtengo wake umayamba kuchokera ku ruble 40 pa kg, imadzaza mu zitsulo ndi matumba 50 kg. Kukhoza kofulumira kuumitsa madzi ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri.

Ntchito

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba za konkire ndi konkire pamene konkire iyenera kufika pamapangidwe amphamvu pambuyo pa 1, 2 kapena 7 masiku, komanso kumangidwe kwa malo osungirako pansi ndi kumtunda komwe kumafuna kuthamanga kwa sulfate. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ntchito yamakono ndi nyumba, yobwezeretsedwa bwino ndi maziko a magalimoto komanso kusindikizidwa kwa kayendedwe ka panyanja.

Khama alumina GC 40 yapeza kuti imagwiranso ntchito popanga mankhwala - ndi osatsikira madzi, kufalitsa madzi ndikulitsa senti alumina.

Zochita Zothandiza

Sitimayo ya aluminous ndi chinthu cholimba cha astringent chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chiziziritsira komanso chosakanikirana , chomwe chimadziwika mofulumira mu mpweya ndi madzi. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza a mphero zabwino kwambiri ndi alumina ndipo amawotchera kuti asungunuke kapena asungunuke. Masiku ano, kuwombera kumachitika makamaka mu zitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi kapena kuphulika kwa zitsulo kuti zikhale zowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa chokhalira zowonjezera, ndipo pali kuthekera kochotsa silika ndi chitsulo.

Mitundu ya alumini simenti imapereka mankhwalawa kuwonjezeka kutsutsa kwa starch, brine, lactic acid, sulfure mankhwala ndi kuonjezera kutentha kukana kufika 1700 madigiri.

Kuonjezerapo, zotsatira za madzi amchere zimachepetsedwa chifukwa cholephera kupanga calcium hydrate pamene mukuyanjana ndi chimbudzi chamadzimadzi. Kukaniza sulphate kutupa kumapezeka chifukwa cha kusakhala kwa tricalcium mtundu hydroaluminate. Sitimayo imatha kutayika mu mpweya wamchere, mchere wambiri wa magnesium sulphate ndi mauthenga othandizira.