Kodi osiyana ndi nozzle mfuti? Kusaka mfuti loyenerera

Mfuti koyenera, mosakayikira, ndi zabwino ndi chikondi chida ntchito ndi alenje a mibadwo yonse. Cholinga mwachindunji kusaka, awiri barreled mfuti ndi mbiya rifled anaonekera mu UK pakati pa 1830 ndi 1840, pamene m'mapiri a Scotland wakhala wotchuka kusaka mbawala. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, ankangomva lokhala ndi mfuti, koma alenje akudziwa kufunika kuwombera mwamsanga chachiwiri, makamaka kwa anawatha masewera molasidwa.

kufotokoza mwa chidule

Kwa zaka mazana angapo, anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo kwa kusaka. Kodi sanabwere nyama kupanga ndi mbalame: koyenera, mfuti, mfuti, mfuti yosiyanasiyana ndi calibres. Mu M'madera a zitunda pakati ndi yapamwamba chachikulu masewera kusaka: nguluwe, mbawala, chimbalangondo, gwape. Koma kwambiri wokondedwa nyama mpikisano ngati "Big zisanu": njovu, mkango, Chipembere, nyalugwe ndi njati. Aliyense wa iwo ndi wakupha, kotero kupanga awo zimagwiritsa ntchito yapadera mfuti lalikulu-likungosonyeza ndi rifled migolo ngalande - zovekera.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa chida ali okonzeka ndi kudya migolo awiri - ndi kwambiri mafoni, mtundu mulingo woyenera wa mawonekedwe. Timatha mmodzi ndi mmodzi kuti achite awiri wakupha mpirawo. Ngakhale pamene misfire woyamba anaponya chowombelera ndi nthawi lachiwiri.

Palinso osakwatiwa-mbiya Mabaibulo - kwa alenje mapiri, kumene zofunika molondola ndi osiyanasiyana chipolopolo. Austria ndi German gunsmiths kubala atatu, ndipo ngakhale chetyrehstvolnye chilengedwe kusaka mfuti oyenerera. Pankhaniyi, thunthu ziwiri zazikulu ndi likungosonyeza lalikulu, ndi zina ziwiri - ndi calibers ang'onoang'ono kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewera.

Gawo

chida ichi chabwera yaitali "chitsamba chaminga" njira za mfuti zosamveka dulnozaryadnyh, amene ntchito yoopsa wakuda ufa, ndi zina zamakono "nitroekspressov" imene timapezamo mfundo yabwino ya zomangamanga. mitundu analipo a nozzles anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

• Launcher - okulira mfuti lotha mamangidwe omwe amagwiritsa oblong kapena wozungulira mawonekedwe zipolopolo lalifupi patsogolo. Pachikhalidwe, mtundu wa chida ntchito ufa wakuda. Koyamba mathamangidwe zipolopolo za zachepa: 320-510 m / s.
• Fotokozani - okulira mfuti nozzle calibers .450, .500, .577, ndi ena. Zona elongated chipolopolo nonenveloped, mmene koyamba mathamangidwe 465-610 m / gawo. Komanso ntchito ufa wakuda.
• Nitroekspress - "perelomka" anayamba mu masiku chipolopolo chipolopolo, kutumizidwa ndi opanda utsi ufa. Mlingo woyambilira wa 564-991 m / s.
• Bullpup - mawu atsopano mu kamangidwe ka lokhala ndi zovekera wa likungosonyeza ochepa. Choyambitsa umene pakati pa mbiya ndipo lili kumbuyo limagwirira nyundo ndi mbiya (osati monyang'ama) ndi limagwirizana ndi mbuyo pa. dongosolo Zimenezi zinathandiza, popanda kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mbiya, kupanga chida yaying'ono kwambiri. Pakuti potsegula amatsamira kumbuyo mbali ya katundu, zikhonza komanso adzaikidwa mfuti owonjezera.

Kuyambira kusanduka kuti zisinthe

Ngakhale mgwirizano a osiyana mitundu ya zida kusaka, koma zichokera kwa mfuti. Kwa kusanduka ake, mu mawu luso, iwo lagged kumbuyo chitukuko cha mitundu ina ya mfuti firearm kusaka anali mu udindo wa nsomba-mmwamba.

Ndi popularization za kusaka African pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma kupanga zovekera anachokera kutsogolera Rifleman European. Mu 20 ntchentche zinalengedwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za sitima lofotokoza (wapadera khalidwe mankhwala kuoneka Ambuye British), waposa makhalidwe chake ndi "gladkostvolki" ndi carbines. Iwo adakali loto la alenje osankhika.

ndi kusiyana kwa mfuti nozzle Kodi

Ndipotu, mgwirizano - yemweyo kutembenuza mfuti (ofukula kapena yopingasa) mfuti, koma iwo analibe yosalala ndi pakati. thunthu Izi zidzathandiza yokwanira bwino, mphamvu zambiri kutumiza chipolopolo. The mbali pepala la ndondomeko imeneyi ndi kuthamanga kwaiye mu mbiya, chifukwa zimene amafuna wapadera oletsa mphamvu ya dongosolo chipata - iwo ndithu umalimba.

Popeza lalikulu likungosonyeza mbiya, ku "wandiweyani mipanda", pafupi-koyenera bawuti mfuti, kawirikawiri kwambiri, ndi bulky, motero, si oyenera akuthamanga zokhudza.

Knockdown ndipo akuwerengabe mphamvu zitsanzo lalikulu-likungosonyeza ndi phenomenal: chipolopolo chimodzi yokwanira kugunda dziko yaikulu pa dziko - njovu. Ngakhale mpirawo sanali molondola, mphamvu kayendedwe wa projectile ndi zokwanira gwetsa, ndi kwa nthawi n'chongoletsa masewera iliyonse yaikulu. Palibe mtundu wina wa zida yapachiweniweni si waluso.

Dziŵani kuti n'zovuta ntchito zida, palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena kuti ukwati - kwa ubwino. Makamaka likungosonyeza lalikulu kapangidwe mokoma, kwambiri za kulemera ndi kukhala chopinga kwa dzuwa la ntchito zawo wosadziwa alenje.

mitundu ya calibers

Zovekera ntchito zina ndi moyenera, ndi likungosonyeza ali m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: European kalembedwe ndi African-Indian. Pakuti kusaka mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto (Europe, Russia, North America, ena a ku Asia) amagwira kale ntchito "zazing'ono" likungosonyeza: 9,3h74R; 8h57JRS; 7h65R. Choncho, kutalika kwa mfuti mbiya ofanana: 550-600 mm.

Nyama za Africa, India, Asia Southeast, lalikulu kukula, kutali woopsa kwambiri kwa mlenje lapansi. Likungosonyeza kuti lolingana anasankha zimphona amenewa: .375N-H; .416Rigby; .470N ndi zambiri.

The mabungwe amphamvu kwambiri

Pali zoopsa nitroekspressy ndi yaikulu (miyezo ya kusaka) likungosonyeza. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi yaitali anali amphamvu kwambiri mfuti olimba Holland & Holland chambered kwa .600 Nitro Express, mwakuchita Jeffrey. Komabe, chifukwa akufunira YA MILIYONEYA (amene ankafuna kuti anali womaliza .600), Holland & Holland kwa malipilo waukulu idaleka kupanga mu 1975. Mgwirizanowo kuchuluka ndi chinsinsi, koma zikuoneka kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa munthu nitroekspress likungosonyeza .600 anali ofunika kwambiri kuposa 100 000 dollars.

Komabe, capitalists anapeza njira yosavuta kuzungulira chiletso cha angongole mgwirizano - kuti mfuti zambiri lalikulu likungosonyeza. Pa pempho la American William Feldstein Holland & Holland mu 1989 walenga mfuti .700 Nitro Express likungosonyeza, ndi zipolopolo yapangidwa Mkuwa Bell Basic. Akatswiri amanena - Ichitu kusaka mfuti mbiri. Pa kusaka woyamba akatemera atatu njovu atatu aphedwa.

nkhani mtengo

Masiku ano, ngakhale ndi malamulo ukufalikira kusaka oopsa masewera kufunika mabungwe awiri mbiya akanali yemweyo, makamaka pankhani kugula ntchito (b / Y) Chitsanzo cha. malamulo ambiri kulemekeza likungosonyeza zovekera anapeza kapena okhometsa, kapena "mlenje-maloto" amene amafuna zida chomwecho, momwe ife ntchito Dzheyms Sazerlend, Dzhon Hanter ndi ena.

Akatswiri kwambiri amalangiza osati skimp pa mtundu wa chida, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pa kusaka weniweni anagula mfuti oyenerera. Price zimatengera mtundu wa mfuti, likungosonyeza wake, wopanga aliri luso ndi zothandiza kudziwa mbiri yakale. Ngati mukufuna kugula nitroekspress, ndi pamtengo wa madola zikwi zingapo ayenera kuchenjeza Sizachilendo kwa m'mabaibulo wotchipa wa likuphwasuka pambuyo akatemera ochepa. Upscale choncho, odalirika komanso zothandiza zitsanzo makumi a zikwi madola. Poganizira kampaniyo, chinkhoswe mu alenje Africa masewera chachikulu, ndi kusonkhanitsa awo zovekera ndi pobwezera makasitomala awo kubwereka. Chatsopano yotsika mtengo m'dzikoli ndi Izhevsk chitsanzo MR221 ndi MR251 (20 000 rubles).

Mfuti koyenera: firearm Russia

Mu Russia, ndi zovekera monga kusaka chida sichikwiya ambiri, mwina chifukwa chosowa zinthu wamakhalidwe kusaka. Koma iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito asilikali lachifumu. Kumene, ena manufactures ndi amisiri opangidwa zovekera zedi ang'onoang'ono, makamaka kwa kupanga zimbalangondo.

Kuyambira zovekera ano zoweta kupanga cholemba "osakwatiwa-barreled mfuti" IZH18N (ndi zochotseka yosalala mbiya 12 n'zotsimikizira m'gulu), awiri barreled mfuti kutsamwa "Fotokozani" MR251 ndi kumatheka lanu mfundo ndi MR221 "Atemi". chitsanzo ichi ndi ochepa likungosonyeza, amene Komabe, chikukwanira chiwonongeko odalirika nyama iliyonse mu M'madera a zitunda wathu.

Pomaliza

Ukwatiwo, mu nitroekspressy makamaka, ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri kwa kusaka chipolopolo. Ndiyamika mbiya rifled ndi chipsinjo chachikulu mu njira yake pa nthawi ya kuwomba chipolopolo kamakhala kuchuluka mphamvu kayendedwe, ntchentche patsogolo molondola kwambiri kugunda. Kuyambira carbines rifled amasiyana likungosonyeza yaikulu ndi kuthekera kwa mankhwala awiri (kapena zambiri) akatemera "munthu wina" chipilala pamaso ntchito.

Mwa zolakwa za taonera kuwonjezeka mu thupi la manja (ena nitroekspressy kulemera makilogalamu oposa 5), kubwerera tcheru (zoona kwa likungosonyeza lalikulu) ndi kukwera mtengo. Mu nkhani ya iwiri barreled (zitatu, zinayi) ntchito, osiyanasiyana ogwira yafupika. Komabe, zoyenerera za mtundu Loona za likungosonyeza ang'onoang'ono zolakwa izi alibe.