Zida Thermobaric. Zingalowe bomba. Modern Russian zida

Kupanga chida zina, zokhala ndi mphamvu zake ndi mabomba a nyukiliya, ndi mwa madera kwambiri zingamuthandize m'madi- chitetezo cha mayiko patsogolo. Mkulu mavuto kuwononga chilengedwe amakakamizidwa kuona mfundo zina za kugonjetsedwa, onyamula nazo zotsatira chachikulu choopsa. Ganizo thermobaric zida ndi zingalowe kukumana magawo amenewa, chifukwa chimenechi salolera chilengedwe cheza kukhudzana. Mayesero woyamba, ndipo ngakhale ntchito mabomba volumetric kale chinachitika mu zaka za m'ma lomaliza, ndi lero ndi khama kusintha iwo. kutukula Russian zisakuyenda patsogolo ndithu umenewu, wakupatsani kulenga wogwira mtima zida thermobaric, osati wolephera Anzawo Western.

Mfundo kuphulika volumetric

Kumvetsa mmene bomba thermobaric, mungaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane zikuchokera ndi mankhwala zochita zake zomwe zimachitika pa nthawi ya kutsegula. Bwino chifukwa cha zochita za zida kangapo "anasonyeza" mu makampani zoweta, pamene yakuwadzudzumisa mafakitale ndi mphero ndi migodi migodi ya malasha, processing a shuga yaiwisi, ndipo ngakhale matabwa wamba. Ambiri, njira kuphulika akhoza ankaimira ngati poyatsira wa anasonkhanitsa fumbi kuyaka, amene chigumula danga. Komanso, gasi kuphulika m'nyumba wamba akhoza kuyika mu mzere ndi zochitika zofanana - ndipo amachita thermobaric bomba. Zida za mtundu uwu amapangika aerosol mtambo, chimene kenako umabala zotsatira woopsa.

Kusiyana kwa zida za nyukiliya

Large-likungosonyeza zipolopolo kwa zochita za zingalowe m'malo mphamvu bomba angayerekezedwe ndi zokwana nyukiliya mwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, thermobaric mabomba pambuyo kugonjetsedwa sanali kusiya munda cheza. Komanso, mabuku yaikulu ya osakaniza zachiwawa zomwe ntchito mabomba zingalowe, kupereka digiri yapamwamba ya zoipa kuthamanga theka mafunde. Malinga ndi chizindikiro zida za nyukiliya, omwe anagonjetsa lolunjika pa zotsatira za dzuwa, izo wotaya Anzawo thermobaric.

Komanso yoweyula mantha pa kuphulika mabomba buku ndipo pali mkulu mlingo wa burnup oxygen. Chotero kuphulika ndi si kupanga wosatsogoleredwa m'dera Kuphunzira - Mfundo zimenezi zimachititsa mtima osokoneza wa akatswiri a pamalo a zambiri mabomba monga zingalowe m'malo a.

Mphamvu ndi kuthekera mabomba zingalowe

Mu mphamvu yake zingalowe mabomba si wochepa ndi zitsanzo za patsogolo ndi zosintha zida miyambo ya zoopsa. Iwo analongosola mu maofesi amenewa amatha kupanga mafunde mantha amene index wa overpressure ndi za 3000 kPa. Ngati ife kulankhula za mmene zingalowe m'malo bomba mfundo zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene analogs thermobaric, nkofunika kuona chilengedwe cha pafupifupi wopanda mpweya pambuyo kuphulika kwa chilengedwe. Chotero akuponya kuthamanga akhoza kuswa zonse ndi pakati: maofesi, zida, zida, anthu, etc ...

kudzazidwa zachiwawa

mabombawo ntchito mabomba thermobaric, zigawo olimba sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo m'malo ndi zinthu gaseous, yomwe mafunde mantha, amene ali kangapo wamkulu kuposa kuphulika kwa bomba la nyukiliya, zida ndi milandu kopitilira muyeso-otsika. zinthu zotsatirazi ntchito monga kudzazidwa mafuta:

• Mitundu ya mpweya flammable;
• mafuta nthunzi hydrocarbon ofotokoza malonda;
• zinthu zina amatha kuyaka, pulverized ku mkhalidwe fumbi chabwino.

Kuti yambitsa ndi payload zina chofunika ndi mpweya yozungulira. Ngakhale angapo ubwino pa mabomba a nyukiliya, ndi chida champhamvu sikutanthauza ndi kudzipereka mofanana kwambiri ndi khama kupeza zikuchokera mulingo woyenera.

kugogoda mfundo

Kuphulika analenga pambuyo kudzazidwa mu moto gaseous. The mowa zigawo zikuluzikulu pa nthawi zosakwana wofunikila kabotolo mabomba mphamvu zofanana. Pamene mlandu kufika kutalika anakhumba, osakaniza yomalizidwa ndi sprayed. Pa nthawi ya apeze akadakwanitsira kukula mpweya mtambo imagwiridwa mphamvu ya detonator. Anazindikira volumetric kuphulika, imbaenda ndi mafunde mantha. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nkhonya wachiwiri kuchokera otaya mpweya kuposa mphamvu woyamba - izi zimachitika kale pambuyo zingalowe wakhala anapanga.

zinthu kugonjetsedwa

Lethality munition zimadalira fireball inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuphulika lapansi. Pamene ntchito zingalowe m'malo matenthedwe chida zotsatira pa malo, ambiri amapezeka mwachindunji m'dera chandamale cha amapha (kanthu amayaka) pa mtunda amene anatsimikiza ndi magawo a fireball lapansi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuphulika kwa bomba la nyukiliya si monga ogwira kuyambira timatha zotsatira zochepa kwambiri pambuyo kukhazikitsa ndi (kumene, osanenapo zotsatira cheza). kudera limene mosalephera wachivundi mabala ku mafunde mantha zambiri wamkulu kuposa utali wozungulira wa chotupa matenthedwe. Komabe, ndithu zachilengedwe ndi kuchepetsedwa Mwachangu zimakhudza mphamvu njila kwa kuchuluka kwa mtunda kuchokera malo omwe. Yafupika kuthamanga ndipo kumachepetsa kuvulala koopsya.

The ntchito m'chingalawa

Mwachangu chachikulu cha bomba zingalowe amasonyeza malo kumangidwanso. Mphamvu ya kanthu mantha yoweyula wodzilemekeza ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa fireball, akhoza kugonjetsa ngodya ndi kupita ku malo sikutheka kufalitsa makombo. zoteteza zipangizo munthu, osiyanasiyana zotchinga ndi okwatiranawo, osanenapo makoma akhoza kuchita chopinga mabomba chikhalidwe, pamene chida thermobaric bypasses zotchinga izi. Komanso, mphamvu kumatheka pamene pali chinyezimiro yoweyula kuchokera pamalo a. Chinthu china ndi kugonjetsedwa mmene zingasiyane malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Choncho, yochepa danga bomba yowononga ukuwonjezeka zotsatira chifukwa kuwonjezeka yoweyula kuthamanga mantha. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zimenezi mu kugonjetsedwa kwa bunkers, mapanga, malinga, ndi zinthu zina chatsekedwa.

Ndege zingalowe bomba

Mfundo zokwana zingalowe panopa ikusonyeza zotsatira apamwamba mu mabomba kalasi. Mu zipangizo zimenezi, yomanga zotsatirazi amaganiza: dera mphuno zizindikiro zina zamakono sensa, amene akutumikira pa kutsegula ndi kulekana kwa osakaniza kuyaka. The ndondomeko ya kupanga mtambo zachiwawa akuyamba yomweyo pambuyo Yambitsaninso wapangidwa chipangizo ndi mu atomu. Adamulowetsa aerosol Motero amapita ku nkhani gasi mpweya umene kuyaka moto mu wotsatira nthawi preselected.

zitsanzo Russian zida thermobaric

Pakali pano, thermobaric nkhokwe ya asilikali Russian (kupatula bomba prototypes) zikuphatikizapo roketi lawi zibuluma "Bumblebee", ndi grenade TBG-7, dongosolo la chida zovuta "mphalasa", komanso mabomba RShG-1.

mwapadera wapatsidwa katundu flamethrower dongosolo "Pinocchio." Posakaniza thanki ndi unsembe pochititsa roketi launchers. The kanthu zagwiridwa ndi chimodzimodzi mfundo kupopera ndi kuphulika kwa osakaniza kuyaka kupangidwa mu ndondomeko yomwe ndi mafunde mantha. Ngakhale kutsegula wa kudzazidwa ndi zachiwawa mu zovuta izi zimakhala ndi kuthekera ndi wogwidwa thermobaric chida ndi combustibles ena (3000 Versus 9000 m / s), ubwino ndi zotsatira cholakwika kugonjetsa vuto ili. Poyerekeza ndi anzawo, flamethrower dongosolo ukugwira ndi utali wozungulira lalikulu ndi pang'onopang'ono chimazilala.

Kudzaza "Buratino" zizindikiro madzi ndi opepuka zitsulo (kuphatikiza propyl nitrate ndi magnesium ufa). The projectile ndege zinthu ali osokonezeka mpaka yunifolomu, ndi chifukwa chimene amapereka osakaniza mpweya mpweya.

Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ya zida za nyukiliya

Ngakhale mgwirizano wa mabungwe a kuchitapo kanthu kulamulira ndi kuchepetsa munkalowa nyukiliya, kufunika kwa zida akugwirabe ntchito.

Malangizo a chidzachitike m'tsogolo makamaka lolunjika pa amadza ubongo, izi zimakhudza zamoyo. Akatswiri komanso anafufuza kuthekera ntchito Popanga madzi a gamma-dzuwa, zomwe kumatha kufunika njira fission. Mwachitsanzo, mtima wa hafnium kungakhale bomba amphamvu kwambiri amene Pankhaniyi adzakhala ndi kukula kakang'ono. Chotero mkulu mphamvu angathe zimatheka chifukwa chakuti panthawi ya kuphulika kwa tinthu ali mu mkhalidwe mkulu - kuyerekezera, ndi kuphana mphamvu ya 1 galamu ya hafnium mu akadakwanitsira mlandu boma lofanana makumi makilogalamu trinitrotoluene.

Banja la zida zamakono nyukiliya monga kayendedwe, X-ray ndi machitidwe laser mayikirowevu. Iwo ntchito mpope nyukiliya, akupereka njira ndi mmene zotupa.

azitsamba

Kukula kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya ku mayiko, pamodzi ndi bwino ntchito ndi kuonjezera kanthu oipawa aukitsa kufunika makina apamwamba kwambiri kumbuyo. Mu gawo ili ntchito amaganizira mfundo imene kulenga mabomba latsopano ndi zotsatira chiwonongeko. Mwachitsanzo, ankaona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nyutironi kamwazi, magawo Popanga madzi a gamma ndi cheza mu atomu. Yofuna kukhala njira yatsopano ya resection mabomba, kuyeza ndi polojekiti cheza maziko, njira deactivation ndi kapewedwe kukhudzana okhudza mitsempha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Sitisiya ntchito pa kuwongolera chitetezo chofanana ndi munthu. Izi makamaka zikugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo zida za mankhwala. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a wothandizila poizoni opangidwa ndi njira decontamination ndi chithandizo wotsatira malo kukhalabe chitetezo zachilengedwe. Mkulu zamakono wakupha chida zikhoza mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pali mavuto m'gulu la miyeso kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha maofesi mafakitale zida mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane. Pa nkhani imeneyi, yomwenso chachikulu ndi pa zinthu masking, ndipo mupewe declassification awo.

zida zamakono

Pa nthawi, pali madera osiyana a kafukufuku asilikali pa chilengedwe cha njira wachibadidwe zatsopano nkhondo. Pakati pawo lamayimbidwe, tinthu mtengo, zida laser, komanso mfundo zina zipangizo zina zamakono zimene zingakhudze thupi, kuswa konkire ndi zitsulo zotchinga.

Anthu ambiri mfundo zingamuthandize Tingaone accelerator wakupha chida chimene ndi chizindikiro cha maphunziro apadera ndi particles mofulumira, umene kukuza kuchuluka kwa tanthauzo lake. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito, anafuna osati ntchito mkati m'mlengalenga, komanso danga. Prototypes zipangizo choncho aone kutumidwa mu zaka kudza.

Chimodzi modzi monga zida mwandondomeko ndi analembedwa ndi zida mu atomu. zochita zawo nawonso umalimbana zinthu zenizeni, monga ulamuliro, ndi mphamvu zovuta mdani. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida ndi munthu, kuchititsa zotsatira zopweteka.

Pomaliza

M'zaka otsiriza zida za nyukiliya kuoneka ngati oipa kwambiri a anthu. Izi ndi zoona, kokha mosamala polojekiti pamodzi ndi miyeso containment kukusalani ngakhale kuthekera ongolankhula la tsokalo padziko lonse chifukwa cha ntchito zake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chida chenicheni cha mphamvu kanthu akukhala chida thermobaric kuti angayenerere kuonedwa amphamvu kwambiri zida sanali nyukiliya.

Concept volumetric mabomba wapeza ntchito mu mikono kakang'ono, ndipo chifukwa kanthu zothandiza pa mizereyi sachoka akukhala wapamwamba kuposa aliyense wachiŵiri mu ntchito yapadera, malinga ndi mfundo za amene anamanga ndi zochita mwatsatanetsatane mu mkangano panopa. Inde, zinthu zatsopano satanthauza malangizo amenewa - ubongo, laser, mu atomu ndi akupanga zinachitika zida, ndithudi, zaka kudza idzasintha kumvetsetsa zimene mwatsatanetsatane nkhondo. Russia mu mawu a asilikali patsogolo sayansi si wolephera mpikisano Western, kuphimba malangizo onse patsogolo ndi osauka chokwanira kwatsopano njira chitetezo.