Njanji yaitali mu dziko. Kuchokera China ku Madrid

The njanji yoyamba kwa njanji zinamangidwa pafupifupi zaka zapitazo. Lero ulendo ngakhale mkulu-liwiro sitima wapamwamba zamakono - osati njira yachangu ndi kuzungulira dziko, koma mpaka pano za yabwino kwambiri ndi otetezeka. A katundu njanji Adzalakalaka kukhala mtundu waukulu wa malonda pakati pa maiko ndi zigawo. Pulogalamu zopezera yakumadzulo / imelo njira, kuphatikizapo njanji yaitali mu dziko, amene kale kale Trans-Siberia Railway - chofunika patsogolo chilichonse olemera dera ndi dziko lonse chuma.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Patapita kanthawi pang'ono kwambiri pambuyo mu England mu 1825, inatsegulidwa magalimoto tsiku loyamba njanji anthu chikuonekera kuti ndi njira yabwino katundu ndi anthu. Njanji ya dziko anayamba entangle kumtunda njanji intaneti. Chiwerengero cha mayendedwe anaika anali zimasonyeza mlingo wa chitukuko chuma dziko ndi umatha, kuphatikizapo usilikali.

Russian Ufumu kugwilizana zonse ndi khalidwe dziko la mtundu titular yaitali itagwiritsidwa ndipo ankakonda kutenga akatundu yaitali pa mahatchi. Ngakhale woyamba kugwirizana njanji pakati pa likulu St. Petersburg ndi Pavlovsk dacha unakhazikitsidwa mu 1837, ntchito ya njanji mu Russia kalekale ochiritsira chifukwa kulibe awo.

National ft

Limatchula za malo Russian malinga kufunika kwa inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha maukonde zii - zinaonekeratu kuti reactionaries cham'mbuyo mu boma lachifumu. Mu May 1891 wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, tsogolo otsiriza Mfumu, Nicholas II panokha anadzikhuthula dziko wilibala patsinde pa mzere njanji pafupi Vladivostok. Ndipo pomanga gawo kum'mawa kwa Trans-Siberia. Kuti mu 1904 sitima yoyamba anapita ku gombe la nyanja ya Atlantic kuti Vladivostok, panatha zedi ndalama ndi magulu a anthu.

Distance from Europe ku Russia amenewa kuti nditamaliza ntchito yomanga ku Russia n'kogwiritsa anatembenuka njanji yaitali mu dziko. Pomanga Great njira Siberia, dzina msewu waukulu woyamba, ambiri kuitana (makamaka pa zikondwerero za pa nthawi ya kayendedwe kutsegula) olowa limodzi chintchito anthu Russian, ogwirizana kukwaniritsa chifukwa ndi injiniya patsogolo, ndi yosavuta navvy. Kuchotsa pathos zosafunika angapezeke mu chiyanjo cha wambirimbiri choonadi.

Trans-Siberia Railway

Yokhala Transsib inatha pamene gawo njanji inamangidwa ku Chelyabinsk kwa Vladivostok, koma kumanganso inatenga nthawi yaitali. Zalembedwa mu mbale pa Yaroslavl okwerera sitima ku Moscow kutalika kwa Trans-Siberia Railway - 9298 Km. Mu 2012, pa electrification wodzala ndi Trans-Siberia njanji ndipo lero sitima ku Moscow kwa Vladivostok masiku 6 okha ndi maola 13.

chikhalidwe Russian sangachoke ngakhale zopanda moyo mosamalitsa prosaic ndi chuma lingaliro. Wautali mwa njanji Russian - si gulu danga, izo chidwi aliyense, kuti pakhale wachifundo kwambiri. Dziko yaitali njanji - pa Trans-Siberia Railway - ndi heroine a ndakatulo ambiri ndi malemba prose wa Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya izo kulemba nyimbo ndi mafilimu.

The Great silika Road

China kalekale mtsogoleri bwino chuma. Zolowa, zachuma, zandale, ndi anthu akagonana ku China m'nthawi Russia ndi Europe ayenera kukhazikitsa mkulu logwirira njira zolankhulirana. Njanji wa dziko ndi Europe akukhala mbali yofunika ya ndondomekoyi.

miyambo m'mbiri yakale kulankhula amalonda ambiri masiku ano andale amaoneka kuti amaika mumsewu pamaziko a masiku silika Road, kuyambira nthawi yakale. Kenako zodutsa yolumikiza East ndi Europe nthawi zina anali mwamphamvu chachikulu chimene amasonyezedwa kufalitsa za lonse la European Orientalism mmaonekedwe, chabwino ndi luso ntchito. Chinoiserie - Chinese rococo, wakhala motsimikiza kuti njira ya mapulani Ulaya otchuka ndi zokongoletsera kumayambiriro kwa XVII ndi XVIII zaka - kwakukulukulu chifukwa cha khama amunamuna wa amalonda, akutsogolera katundu wolemera kwa China.

Zofunika m'dera la chuma

Mu amasiku ano, China zoyendera chigawo n'zofunika kwambiri. Kufunika kulumikiza m'madera akumidzi a dziko ndi malo mafakitale ndi zachuma, kusowa mkulu zoyendera Interstate anapanga China mtsogoleri makampani njanji. Kutalika kwa njanji, amene kusuntha sitima-ndi-luso, ikukula mosalekeza.

Mu 2012 izo inatsegulidwa magalimoto watsopano njanji ku Beijing kuti Guangzhou. likulu Chinese ndi mzinda waukulu kum'mwera kwa dziko anamanga nthambi yaitali ndi liwiro mu dziko. Pa pa liwiro pafupifupi 300 Km / h kudzalimbikitsa formulations wapamwamba omasuka ndi odalirika kuti achepetsa katatu nthawi imene msewu uwu kale. njanji yaikulu ya dziko zikuchitika njira iyi chitukuko.

Madrid - Yiwu

Lero, kuti apulumutse katundu kuchokera China ku Ulaya, sitifunanso miyezi yambiri yoopsa kuyenda pa ngamila ndi mahatchi pa njinga makolokoto. Koma muyenera aganyali ndalama kwambiri. Kudzikonza njira iyi ya kudya, mpikisano ndi odalirika Chinese analengeza nthawi yaitali, kuitana kwa kugwirizana ndi akatswiri Russian.

Kumapeto kwa 2014 China mwakachetechete anachita, ndi Madrid masiku 21 anakumana sitima, anagonjetsa njira ku mzinda Chinese wa Yiwu, lili pa Pacific gombe. Chiyambireni cha ntchito ndi motalikitsa sitima kutalika okwanira 13,000 kuchokera mu dziko. Ngakhale chikhalidwe chake salola kukhazikitsa omasuka kayendedwe ka sitima zonyamula anthu, ndi ndime sitima kwakukulukulu amadalira nyengo ndi zinthu zina, tikhoza kunena kuti chitukuko cha dziko maukonde zoyendera walowa latsopano, chidwi siteji ya chitukuko.