Khala la Ukraine. Malasha migodi ku Ukraine. A tani khala: mtengo

Khala ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu mphamvu ya Ukraine, amene angathe kuonedwa kuti ulimiwu chuma chake. The zikuchitika a makampani khala ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo amafuna miyeso wothandiza. M'nkhani ino kapangidwe ka makampani, analankhula za katundu ndi matanthauzo wa malasha Chiyukireniya, nkhokwe zake, komanso Khadili mavuto waukulu alipo mu dziko la migodi.

Khala monga chitsimikizo cha ufulu zachuma

Chiyukireniya Malasha ndi kokha mphamvu gwero kuti adzapereka dziko zedi okwanira. Malasha makampani ali ndi gawo lalikulu mu kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta kwambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha chuma wonse. Kuwonjezeka mu profitability wa gawo zimenezi kumathandiza kuti angathe chuma Ukraine. Ndipo mu nthawi ya ngozi mu msika mphamvu akuvutika lonse makampani khala ndi mafakitale zokhudzana.

The profitability a makampani khala

Opangidwa ku khala Donets beseni ali ndi kukwera mtengo. Ichi ndi chifukwa akuya lalikulu zigawo ndi otsika mphamvu kupeza. Mkulu ndalama ndi zayamba m'munsi profitability malonda malasha. Makampani kukhala yopindulitsa kwambiri, chuma amavomereza kufunafuna njira zokulitsira kuchitiridwa ake ndi kuchepetsa madipoziti mchere pa ndalama m'zigawo. makampani khala akuti ndi yosafuna ngati ndalama kwa malonda khala upambana mtengo wa osachepera 16%. Pafupifupi onse mabomba Donbass satsatira lamulo limeneli, ndipo akatswiri ena amakhulupirira ayenera yokutidwa.

migodi ya malasha ku Ukraine

Mu Ukraine pali pafupifupi 150 mabomba, 90% ya iwo ili m'chigawo cha Donbass. Pa m'gawo lake pali 100 migodi opaleshoni, yopezera mphamvu ndi apamwamba coking malasha, 14 migodi udindo amakampani palokha boma akumeneko, ndi makampani 28 khala ndi eniake.

Lvov-Volyn beseni ali pafupifupi 10 zikwi sq. Km. Nkhokwe malasha m'derali ang'ono, kuyambira 15 migodi opaleshoni ali inyamuka 2. yekha The madipoziti yaikulu ya bulauni khala ndi Ternopil ndi Zakarpattya m'madera komanso m'dera la Pridneprovsk lignite beseni. M'dera Dnepropetrovsk, pali awiri makampani khala: DTEK ndi Pavlogradugol, kutaya zomwe pali mabomba 10. Zoposa 40 migodi ya malasha ili m'chigawo Lugansk. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma ku Ukraine, ena anga anagulitsa ndi kupatsa leases yaitali kuti anthu paokha.

nkhokwe malasha Ukraine

Malinga deta zalembedwa, Ukraine ali biliyoni 33,873 chinkafunika matani nkhokwe malasha, amene akukhala 3,9% ya nkhokwe dziko. Awa, matani biliyoni 15,351 ali anthracite ndi bituminous malasha, mpumulo - lignite, kapena khala bulauni. Pakuti ziyenera kusanthula Katswiri Ukraine ali nkhokwe zokwanira kwa zaka 460.

Ambiri mwa m'matangadza mkati m'dera la Donetsk, Pridneprovsk ndi Lviv-Volyn beseni pa akuya kwambiri. Inventories mabomba alipo chifukwa cha matani 6.1 biliyoni, zomwe oposa theka imagwera pa anthracite, ndi ena - chifukwa coking malasha.

Mitundu ya malasha ndi ncho

Pa m'dera la Ukraine umabala mitundu itatu ya malasha: lignite, malasha ndi anthracite. Brown lagona pa akuya 1 Km ndi akuimira mapangidwe chilengedwe cha zatsalira akufa organic akuwuka pansi amadza katundu ndi kutentha okwera. Iwo amakhala ndi kutentha wotsika kuyaka chifukwa mnyontho mkulu (40%). Theka la kapangidwe kake kupanga kosakhazikika.

Malasha akuti ndi mitundu woyamba wa mafuta okumba pansi. ntchito zake wachititsa mafakitale, chimene chinabadwa mchikakamizo cha makampani malasha. Malasha lili kuli madzi (10%), chifukwa mu calorie lalikulu ndi lalitali kutentha kuyaka. Volatiles kupanga 32% ya kapangidwe kake, kotero khala ndi akayaka bwino. Zigawo za malasha pa akuya pafupifupi 3 Km. Khala ndi ncho ku Ukraine m'migodi ya Donetsk ndi zigawo Lugansk.

Anthracite khala ndi kalasi bwino. Analemba pafupi kwathunthu mpweya. Anthracite amakhala ndi mtengo wapatali calorific ndi mkulu madutsidwe magetsi. Koma chifukwa kapangidwe kake, ndi bwino flammable. Mtundu uwu wa malasha ndi pa akuya 6 Km. Kwenikweni madipoziti anthracite zili ranges phiri kapena zinthu zina kuti zagonjetsedwa kwa magulu amphamvu a matanthwe a pansi padziko.

Mtengo wa malasha ku Ukraine

Kwenikweni, mtengo wa malasha aumbike amaganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:

• achilengedwe - nyengo zinthu m'derali, udindo wa kumunda, makhalidwe luso m'deralo khala msoko makulidwe ndi kuzama ndi zinthu zina za miyala;
• kupanga - zakuthupi m'munsi mwa makampani migodi, kuwapatsa zipangizo zina zapadera ndi luso.

Choncho, akatswiri kuyembekezera mtengo akukhudzidwira ndi kutanthauzira khalidwe la chuma mchere, kuti aone mmene ndalama tani malasha. Mtengo wa mtundu uliwonse wa thanthwe n'chosiyana kwambiri. Mtundu mtengo kwambiri ndi anthracite. mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2500 UAH. / T. Yotsika mtengo ndi zofiirira khala (za 1000 UAH. / T) mu msika malasha mafuta.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti mtengo wa mafuta okumba pansi ndi amadalira kalasi awo ndi kalasi. Motero, n'zovuta motsimikiza mmene ndalama tani malasha. Mtengo wa mtundu lero ndi chaulele ndipo waikidwa makampani mwachindunji migodi.

Zogulitsa kunja ndipo imports wa malasha Chiyukireniya

makampani Chiyukireniya amagwiritsa malasha mphamvu m'badwo ndipo monga chuma yaiwisi pa kampani yopanga zitsulo. Koma matenthedwe khala - anthracite, dziko lake lili owonjezera. Kotero, mtundu uwu wa thanthwe 70% kupanga malasha Ukraine (zambiri zimagulitsidwa ku maiko ena). Pankhaniyi, pali kusowa lalikulu la malasha coking.

Choncho, khala Ukraine imakwaniritsa kufunika zoweta ndi 60%. Gawo lachitatu la dziko la imports coking malasha kuchokera ku Russia, USA, Kazakhstan ndi mayiko ena. Pafupifupi buku lonse la anthracite yotengedwa zimawononga kampani mphamvu mu Ukraine. Owonjezera kuchuluka kwa malasha wolowa thanthwe dziko Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey ndi Iran. Lowani msika European ndi mabuku lalikulu la zovuta chifukwa kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe yaikulu ya malasha apamwamba mu Poland ndi Germany. Komanso, kuchepetsa makontena katundu kwambiri bwanji kukula mu Europe kupereka US chuma gasi. Choncho, zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri malasha Ukraine kuchepetsedwa ndi 20%.

Mavuto a makampani khala

Makampani khala la Ukraine kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mavuto. Malinga ndi maulamuliro, oposa 70% ya chuma atathana malonda amafunika updating ndi kukonza. Pa zaka 30 za kuchigwiritsira ntchito mosalekeza, ali kwambiri ankavala ndipo ayenera m'malo. Ngakhale mofulumira zaumisiri, ambiri migodi adakali ntchito ntchito makamaka Buku.

Osauka chikhalidwe likulu kusinkhasinkha za khalidwe malasha. Pamene ntchito nsanza zida ncho thanthwe zambiri zolistye. Woipa ndi chakale m'munsi luso kwambiri bwanji zokolola za ntchito, kuchuluka mtengo wa yotengedwa thanthwe.

Malasha migodi ku Ukraine amafuna ndalama zina. Magwero chachikulu cha ndalama ku makampani khala la dziko ndi boma bajeti ndi njira zake mkati mwa makampani kupanga. Pakuti kukula kwa gawo lino la chuma kumafuna likulu ndithu. Ndipo kuti kukopa ndalama kuchokera kunja, muyenera malo wokongola bizinesi.

Komanso, malasha makampani a Ukraine ali amafa wapamwamba ndi mlingo wa ngozi kuntchito. Ngakhale zochitika zonse za boma, makampani khala ndi mbali yoopsa kwambiri ya chuma thanzi la antchito. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu m'zigawo za khala moyo miliyoni anataya avareji Anthuwa awiri.

Yofunika vuto Chiyukireniya Carbs makampani ndi wambirimbiri khala mpweya wanga dziko. boma ndi m'mayiko pamwamba asanu mwa mawu a mpweya (zomwe mlandu 80% mabomba opaleshoni). Akatswiri zikukangalika osauka ntchito kwa magwiritsidwe ake, koma mpaka iwo anatha kulenga zinthu kwa processing wa 1/10 yekha wa mpweya okwana.

kungasokoneze kwambiri pa chitukuko cha khala migodi dera la chikoka mitundu mulibe malamulo oletsa. Part zokolola izi ndi 10% ya magetsi onse a migodi ya malasha.

Njira kusintha makampani khala

Kuti athetse mavuto tafotokozazi ndikofunikira kugwira osiyanasiyana miyeso umalimbana wamakono, yokonzanso ndi kukhathamiritsa wa migodi ya malasha. Mapulogalamu amenewo kale akuyendera ena migodi ndi kutsogozedwa ndi kuwonjezeka mu profitability ntchito.

Komanso, boma liyenera kulimbikitsa mfundo mphamvu zake ndi kulipanga zina. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, akatswiri analenga njira chitukuko cha Boma zofunika za chuma ndi ntchito pa ntchito ndalama zikuluzikulu mphamvu.

Kotero kuti malasha kuchokera ku Ukraine anali mpikisano mu misika ya kunja ndi kupereka kufunika zonse zoweta, boma ayenera ntchito m'madera awiri ofunika: wamakono wa makampani ndi wozengereza kusintha malamulo, amaganizira zinthu ziliri pa vuto la zachuma.

makampani Outlook

Ngakhale Ukraine tsopano akukumana ndi pachimake ndale ndi chuma, ndi ena migodi ku suspend opareshoni, makampani khala la dziko lili ndi chiyembekezo chapadera. Poganizira mmene khala amakhalabe Ukraine, kupanga ake angakhale m'tsogolo yofunika njira makampani a dziko.

Mogwirizana ndi zilakolako za chitukuko cha mafakitale khala m'mayiko ena ndi mphamvu likulu la ulimi wa mtundu wawo, masiku ano Ukraine ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri kugula khala kunja. Ngati dziko m'tsogolo idzayankha ndi nkhani yaikulu dera, ndiye makampani adzayamba kukula mofulumira kwambiri ndi kutha kubweretsa chuma ku gawo lina.