Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra: history, kufotokoza ndi maola ntchito

Mosiyana ndi mchitidwe umenewu ambiri komwe kunachitika mu malo kudzipatula, Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa anakhazikitsidwa otsatira a mpingo. Dzina la malo oyera kugwirizana ndi zochitika kwambiri mbiri Russian. Mu 1240 Grand Prince ndi mkulu Alexander Yaroslavovich anapambana chigonjetso chachikulu pa nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden pa Neva Mtsinje, chifukwa chimene iye ankatchedwa Nevsky. Kenako canonized ndi Mpingo Orthodox monga woyang'anira woyera wa Russia.

Pakali pano, Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra, maola ntchito yomwe yabwino kwambiri kudzandichezera, ndi kopita wotchuka alendo Russian ndi alendo.

Peter Ine m'nthawi ulamuliro

Chikalata kukhazikitsidwa tsiku Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra imatengedwa kuti March 25, 1713 - tsiku la akuyatsa woyamba matabwa Mpingo wa Annunciation lapansi. Malinga ndi magwero zinachitika, anayambitsa Nevsky obisika anali wotchuka Mfumu Peter I. Iye ndiye anali mu 1702 analamula yomanga kuyamba ku malo kumene Black Mtsinje (poyamba dzina la Monastyrka) amalowa Neva. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga ndi makonzedwe a Archimandrite Theodosius. Angagwiritse nyumba zikuluzikulu nawo Domenico Trezzini - Italy wamanga ndi injiniya. M'tsogolo limaoneka Alexander Neva mlombwa kuoneka ngati gulu loyimba lonse la nyumba mwala oyenerera pakati wakuda ndi mtsinje Neva. Kukhazikika Trezzini mapulani mu moyo anakokera kwa zaka zambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, popanda nyumba zikuluzikulu za obisika, uko anawonekera tauni yaing'ono ndi nyumba, minda, makola, ndi mphero ndi smithy. Palinso sukulu mpingo linatsegulidwa, yomwe kenako lidzasinthidwa seminare, ndipo kenako sukulu ya. Zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo anali mwakachetechete inasamutsidwa kuchoka Vladimir ku likulu latsopano la Russia September 12, 1724 ndi lamulo Petra Velikogo. Lero mu Mpingo Orthodox Russian chikondwerero mpaka tsopano. Mkulu wamkulu anakhala woyang'anira za kumene zopangidwa likulu Russian Koma chachikulu siliva sarcophagus linasamutsidwa m'nyengo Soviet kwa Hermitage, kumene (popanda zotsalira) lero.

synodal nthawi

Pambuyo Domenico Trezzini, wazomangamanga mkulu wa matchalitchi anali Ivan Starov, amene kwambiri anasinthidwa nzeru zake yekha, kwambiri kuwonjezera gawo la yomanga. Mu 1797 agulupa anakwezedwa udindo wa Lavra. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra (St. Petersburg) sanali kokha yaikulu mu dziko, koma mmodzi wa olemera.

nyengo Soviet

Pa zitasintha, anthu commissar moyo A. M. Kollontay ankafuna kuti atembenuke agulupa kunyumba kwa anamenyela olumala nkhondo. Gulu la oyendetsa amene anapita kumeneko January 19, 1918, padabwera achiwawa a chipembedzowo. The Bolsheviks anayenera abwerere. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali kuti asiye ndalama mpingo ku bajeti boma. The apogee cha zimenezi linkakhulupirira pa kulekana kwa mpingo ndi boma. Mu 1922 agulupa anali pafupi "mwalamulo agwidwa" kwa akufa ndi njala. Silver kachisi kumene zotsalira Aleksandra Nevskogo, linatsegulidwa ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Hermitage, ndi iwo eni mphamvu anasamutsa kwa State Museum Fund. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo Alexander Nevsky Lavra ku St. Petersburg lidakali mpaka 1932, pamene ansembe onse anamangidwa. Patapita chaka chimodzi, agulupa chinatsekedwa ndipo reorganized ku parishi, ndipo mu 1936, utumiki kwathunthu anasiya. The zaka 20 obisika ndi kuyikidwa zosiyanasiyana mabungwe aboma, ndipo kokha mu 1957, misonkhano anali anayambiranso. Zotsalira za mkulu anabwerera ku malo ake oyenera okha mu 80s mochedwa.

Necropolis wa Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Lazarevskoye manda

Lavra ku St. Petersburg anatchuka chifukwa necropolis ake, komwe kunama anthu ambiri otchuka a m'nthawi zakale - olemba, akazembe, asayansi. Poyamba, panali manda amodzi - Lazarevskoye, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu ulamuliro wa Peter I. The ulemu m'manda pano anapatsidwa yekha olemera kapena odziwika anthu dziko. Chibwenzi, onse tombstones, zipilala, mabokosi ali wa mtengo wake wapatali zakale. Komanso nyumba crypt banja la Chiwerengero wotchuka Sheremetyev.

Tikhvin manda

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Lazarevskoye manda anakhala osatakasuka mokwanira, ndipo anaganiza kuti atsegule wina wotchedwa Chatsopano Lazarevskiy. Chotsani malire, izo anapeza kokha m'zaka 19 mochedwa, pamene kanazunguliridwa ndi linga. Pa nthawi yomweyo manda atsopano a Mzimu Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra anadzatchedwa mu Tikhvin. Ichi chinali chifukwa pomanga m'manda mu manda a Icon wa Tikhvin Mayi wa Mulungu. M'manda ku manda atsopano unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi mayina a kanjedza wotchuka chikhalidwe, luso ndi dziko la sayansi. Chapakati wa maliro 20th Century pa Tikhvin manda zidaleka, ndipo anali ankamangidwanso mu paki chikumbutso.

Nikolskoye manda

The manda chachitatu pa dera la Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa chinamasulidwa mu 1863. Popeza kuti dera la necropolis imene inali Nicholas Mpingo, kumanda yokha dzina lake Nikolsky. The manda atsopano ndi yosiyana ndi anzawo. Choyamba, m'gawo lake m'matchalitchi ambiri anamanga kalembedwe wakale Russian. Kachiwiri, kuwonjezera pa zipilala mwachizolowezi ndi m'manda, pali zambiri ziboliboli mkuwa ndi busts anthu m'manda. Chachitatu, Nikolskoye manda okha obisika, amene sanalandire udindo wa nyumbayi. Mozama lero, koma ochepa kwambiri anthu wotchuka a nthawi yathu ndi kupereka ulemu kwa mpumulo m'dziko lino woyera.

Chaka chilichonse St. Petersburg amakopa alendo ambiri ndi aulendo. Cholinga cha kufika awo - ndi Alexander Nevsky Lavra. maola kutsegula ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti anthu amene akufuna kuti asangalale ndi kukongola ndi mtendere wa malo awa. Pa tchalitchi ndi lotseguka kwa 6,00 kuti 20,00, m'dera la Lavra kuchokera 5,30 kuti 23,00.

History ndi Zamakono

Chitsitsimutso cha moyo mpingo ndi kupembedza mpanda wa agulupa ya inayamba mu theka lachiwiri la 90s, ndipo mu 2000 nyumba onse anaperekedwa m'manja mwa chigawocho. Pa agulupa mipingo iwiri zinalengedwa ndi bambo ndi mwana Trezzini mu 1717-1722 ndi 1742-1750, motero; otchuka neoclassical tchalitchi, anamanga mu 1778-1790 pa polojekiti Ivana Starova ndi odzipereka kwa Woyera Utatu, ndipo nyumba zing'onozing'ono zambiri. Nawa Lazarevskoye ndi Tikhvin kumanda, komwe anasunga kukongoletsa manda Mihaila Lomonosova, Aleksandra Suvorova, Nikolay Karamzin Modesta Musorgskogo, Petra Chaykovskogo, Fedora Dostoevskogo, Carlo Rossi ndi anthu ena otchuka. Pakali pano, Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa - malo otchuka alendo ndi wogonera. Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra aliyense kukuuzani Orthodox atsogoleri. Agulupa ndi refectory ndi chipinda tiyi mungapezeko kuyitanitsa chakudya chotentha magulu wapaulendo ndi wogonera payekha. Palinso anamanga Map zitatu zimene mukhoza kubwereka omasuka ndi angakwanitse malawi. Pakali pano, agulupa ukugwira Haji utumiki, amene ali ndi udindo kwa gulu la maulendo onse pa dera la obisika palokha, ndipo mu mipingo ndi akachisi a St. Petersburg.

Birthday a Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Mu 2013, Mpingo wa Orthodox phwando la chikumbutso 300th kuyambira tsiku limene Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra ku St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa. Kuwerengetsa chochitika anayamba ndi March 25, 1713, womwe poyamba Divine mapemphero ku makoma a kachisi. Pa mwambo wa abale onse, lotsogoledwa ndi kazembe wa mpingo kumanda. Olambira anamvera Metropolitan Vladimir Zabwino, amene analimbikitsa anthu kusunga malo ano woyera, umene uli pakati wauzimu wa lonse la Russia.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Ngati malo aliwonse akale, Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa sikukudziŵika ndi mikuluwiko. Pano pali mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudza mbiri ndi chitukuko cha Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

1. Chifukwa chakuti obisika unapangidwa pa malo Alexander Nevsky anagonjetsa asilikali a Sweden, unali wotchedwa "Victoria".
2. Orthodox Academy ku St. Petersburg unalembedwa kusukulu, anamanga pa dera la obisika ndi odzipereka mu nthawi yake basi kuti ana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo.
3. Zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo, amene anali kuwapititsa ku malo obisika ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa Peter Ine ndi kusungidwa kumeneko pa nthawi, pamene zisinthe zinachotsedwa ndipo umasamutsidwa ku State Museum.
4. Mu aakulu pambuyo chosintha nthawi, atsogoleri ambiri anadwala manja a Bolsheviks - anali mwina kuwombera kapena anamangidwa.
5. Mu 1918, boma anaganiza kulanda dera la obisika ndi ntchito zofuna zawo. Komabe, iye anatumiza detachment anakumana sikunachitekepo kukana chipembedzowo ndi anakakamizika abwerere. Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, utumiki anapitiriza kwa zaka 15.
6. Mmodzi mwa akachisi n'kukhutira adakali sanali m'gulu lawo ake ndi mzinda owonetsera zakale.
7. Yomanga zovuta umenewu inatenga pafupifupi zaka zana. Pa kapangidwe ndi kumanga akachisi ndi matchalitchi nawo mapulani ambiri odziwika ndi omanga nthawi.

zochitika Recent

Posachedwa September 12, 2016, Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra ku St. Petersburg, bungwe mwa makoma ake chikondwerero "Neva mphete". Zikondwerero anali anapima kuti kulanda zotsalira Aleksandra Nevskogo ndipo anayamba kupemphera mwambo wamba. Mwambowu panafika zabwino belu ringers mu Russia ndi kunja ndi omvera amasangalala ndi luso lake. Komanso chidwi mwa anthu amene anali kuperekedwa filimu za mabelu. Mu mbali yomaliza ya aliyense tchuthi akhoza sadangotitchula nokha belu, komanso kuti katswiri kalasi ku yabwino belu ringers.