Chitata NPP, Republic of Tatarstan: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Chakumene Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu anachititsa osati kuwononga chilengedwe. Tsoka kwa "atomu mtendere" zachititsa kuti Baibulo la lingaliro la chitetezo la okwerera ntchito, kutsekedwa ntchito tikukonza wa mtundu uwu ndipo palibe latsopano zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya kwa zaka zambiri. chisankho Orthodox anapangidwa pansi mavuto zochitika ndi kugulu. zochitika zina anasonyeza kuti popanda mphamvu yanyukliya pamlingo mtundu osati zidzaperekedwa. M'mavuto chosasamala, kusalabadira za kayendetsedwe chitetezo ndi zatsopano yowopsa, ulamuliro umene n'zosatheka.

Chitata NPP - nkhani nyumbayi

Chifukwa yomanga mwakhama Tatarstan maofesi lalikulu mafakitale, monga "Nizhnekamsk mankhwala fakitale", galimoto chimphona "Kamaz", "Nizhnekamenskshina", boma anakambirana nkhani za kuwonjezeka kotunga mphamvu m'chigawo kuyambira mu 1978. Nyukiliya siteshoni mphamvu pa nthawi imeneyo zinamangidwa pa malo onsewo, choncho anaganiza kumanga mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera makilomita makumi asanu kuchokera Nizhnekamsk, komwe poyamba kunali kumudzi Kamskie Polyana.

Chitata NPP ntchito anayamba kupanga nthambi "Atomteploelektroprokta" mu Riga, womanga ambiri wachita "Kamgesenergostroy". Kumangira lachitsanzo ntchito akufuna, amene kale ankapanga ndi opareshoni "Balakovo", "Chornobyl NPP" ndi kubweretsa zizindikiro ntchito Khmelnytsky, Volgodonsk siteshoni, komanso yosatha ndi Bashkir Crimea NPP.

Yambani ntchito yomanga chinachitika mu 1980, anaganiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa unit woyamba anali kuonedwa mu 1992, otsala zomera mphamvu anakonza ntchito mwamsanga zilipo. ntchito yaikulu kunachitika mu 1988, likulu ndalama anakwana rubles miliyoni 288 mtengo wa zomangamanga ntchito Akuti pa rubles miliyoni 96. Malinga ndi asilikali a, Chitata NPP anali ndi mphamvu 4,000 MW, amene kwaiye mathanki anayi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti atolankhani zonse akukokomeza nkhani za yosatha opangira magetsi. Malinga ndi mphekesera, izo zinakonzedwa kukhazikitsa 12 mathanki. Yerekezerani ndi mphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya, Zaporizhzhya NPP ali okonzeka ndi makina amene 6 okha ndi mphamvu ndi 6000 MW.

kusamala

Mu 1990 nyumbayi kwathunthu anasiya. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Chitata NPP ndi wokonzeka gawo lotsiriza la ntchito. Anakonza kumaliza pomanga riyakitala chipinda, zipinda injini ya mayunitsi awiri oyamba, maziko mbale wa riyakitala chipinda cha mphamvu lachitatu, maenje zinakonzedwa kuti wachitatu ndi wachinayi mayunitsi mphamvu.

Malinga ndiye alipo anakonza yomanga, sitepe ndifunika mbali yomaliza ya erection chinthu Chitata mbewu. Yomanga anasiya kwathunthu. Kuwonjezera siteshoni, m'tauni okonzeka mphamvu zomangamanga - Kamskie Polyana, nyumba zaboma, Wothandiza standby kukatentha, anamanga damu embankment, anamanga ntchito ndi chisamaliro. Anali kukonzekera kulanditsa mafuta awo nyukiliya panthawi imeneyi ndipo panali kuteteza chinthu. Popeza mafuta si anaperekedwa, iwoweni zovuta si ngozi radiological.

Chitata NPP - si chipilala yekha "atomu mtendere" mu Soviet panthaŵiyinso anali atapanga kwa khumi ndi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ku zosiyanasiyana yomanga.

Zifukwa kutseka

April 17, 1990 linasindikizidwa ndi lamulo la boma la Tatarstan "Pa kutha kwa ntchito yomanga maofesi kupanga Chitata NPP". Chifukwa kukatseka yomanga anauzidwa kuti siteshoni lili Kama vuto zone, yodziwika ndi ntchito tectonic. mawu awa posakhalitsa anatsimikizira amaonekera chivomezi Zakamye.

Koma anthu ambiri amaganiza: chifukwa chachikulu kuti pomanga Chitata NPP unatha, ndi mavuto pa Chernobyl, komwe kunachitika mu 1986. A mbali yofunika m'magazini ino ankaimba gulu chikhalidwe. Against kutha kwa chinthu atomiki anathandiza gulu ngakhale mpaka kalekale ankhanza. Ngakhale ndiye zinaonekeratu kuti pomanga chosakwanira cha mwala adzagwa pa bajeti, mogwirizana ndi zomwe utsogoleri mabwalo a ayesera kupeza ntchito ina kwa chinthu.

Panali malingaliro, mapulani ndi ntchito, ngakhale reshaping nyukiliya magetsi pa chomera opangira magetsi, kumene magwero mphamvu zachilengedwe ntchito. ntchitoyi anali pansi kukambirana, mu Soviet Union anayamba mavuto ena - kusintha dongosolo chuma ndi ndale.

Ndi zakale zopanda tsogolo

Anasiya zomangamanga yokha Chitata NPP - chinthu ichi cha ndalama za bajeti Republican, koma mavuto akulu anali m'mudzi. Kama Glade, kumene ankakhala omanga ndi antchito tsogolo la siteshoni analephera. Anthu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito. Ntchito mwachita kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo akuyenera kuti akonze m'mudzi ofotokoza Masewero zone, koma lingaliro kwasakazitsa chifukwa cha moratorium lapansi. Chiganizo chotsatirachi anali chimodzimodzi okopa: dera la nyukiliya magetsi kulenga malo masewera ulendo, ndi quests, ntchito siteshoni danga kuti kuyenda.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito ndi maganizo sanali kuthetsa vuto lalikulu - chosowa mphamvu wapulumutsidwa kuti utsogoleri mabwalo nthawi zonse alikukonzeka zokambirana pa kuwatsitsimula yomanga chinthu monga Chitata nyukiliya magetsi (Republic of Tatarstan). Anayesera mu 2003 ndi 2005, koma magulu zachilengedwe zonse vetoed pempholo.

owononga maganizo

Ena zamzitini NPP (Kostroma, Bashkir) pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR anakhalabe pa muyezo pepala la kampaniyo "Rosenergoatom", Chitata NPP kugwiritsa Republican Tatarstan bwino. Ndipo ngati gulu limapereka ndalama kwa zinthu zake m'Baibulo pofuna maximally kusunga chuma ndi kutha kuyambiranso kumanga pa nthawi iliyonse, mu Tatarstan zosowa osati aona. Chifukwa, nyukiliya magetsi okonda anakoka popanda zipangizo zosadziwika nyumba, zitsulo nonferrous kuthandiza kumanga looters "ntchito".

Ambiri Township ndi ntchito kunja, ambiri a iwo anachoka mu Nizhnekamsk, Kazan. Wina anali mu akatswiri khola ndipo anapita ku nyumba ya kumpoto. Dera lonse woyambawo nyukiliya magetsi ndi ozungulira anamanga-malo akufanana mudzi mzimu kapena Zone kwa buku ndi Strugatsky abale, kumene mu dziko oponyedwa anasiya zotsatira za Soviet Union.

Kuti kapena kukhala

Mu November 2013, ilo linapangidwa anthu ndi boma Russian pa dera mapulani chitukuko ndi mphamvu zovuta, kumene yomwenso chachikulu ndi pa ntchito yomanga zomera watsopano mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi magetsi. Dongosolo wasenza mpaka 2030, chiyambi cha kukhazikitsa ndi kale kuonekera m'madera ambiri a dziko. Tartar NPP ndi ananenanso m'chikalata chinthu anaikidwa zinthu pamwamba watsopano yomanga.

Malinga ndi zolinga anafuulira mwa akadzabweranso moyo Kamskie kumunda Chitata chomera adzakhala nakhalanso. The resumption a yomanga inayamba ndi kuchotsa malo ndi ayenera kutha mu 2030 pamene siteshoni ikulira pa mphamvu zonse. Unit woyamba inyamuka kuponyedwa 2026.

Koma funso lokhudza kuli siteshoni, komabe amachititsa mantha kuposa amaganiza zabwino. Tectonically yogwira Kamsky vuto silinathe zotsatira za kuwonongedwa kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera amadziwika ndi "zinatsimikizira" empirically kulola tsoka lina palibe mmodzi akufuna. Civil olimbikitsa anthu ndi maganizo a anthu ndi mokomera chiyembekezo chakuti a yomanga. Yankho okhazikika funso: kodi kumanga nyukiliya magetsi Chitata, palibe amene angathe ndi chidaliro chonse. Kama Glade - losatheka abwino, koma sangathe kulimbana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso maganizo a anthu okhala m'derali.

Asayansi Opinion - antchito nyukiliya

Zikhumbo kuthamanga mkulu kuzungulira nyumba, koma asayansi nawo radioecology amati pambuyo Chernobyl ndi Fukushima luso asintha, mlingo wa chitetezo limakupatsani anapereka rectors nyukiliya kulikonse ndi simungapeze kutayikira pang'ono. mphamvu za nyukiliya otetezeka chibwenzi luso. Akukhulupirira kuti CHP ndi hydropower zomera uwononge zambiri, ndi mafakitale a m'madera a Russia ndi Tatarstan, kuphatikizapo ndimasewera wamkulu wa ngozi kuwononga moyo wa onse mwambo tsoka pa mbewu.

Mfundo yomaliza mokomera loletsa yomanga ndi ngozi zivomerezi m'dera la yomanga chinthu Chitata NPP. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti vutoli kwambiri akukokomeza, ndipo tchulani chitsanzo cha machitidwe abwino zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya pa Kola Peninsula, ku Armenia kumene chiopsezo ngati amakhala ndi ntchito zivomerezi anasonyezedwa kangapo. Mwina ntchito akale sanali mavuto zatsopano ndiponso siteshoni yosatha kuyembekezera gawo lina la chitetezo, amene angathe kupereka mlingo panopa chitukuko luso.

Kuwatsitsimula kapena ntchito yatsopano?

funso n'lakuti, kodi kumanga Chitata NPP mpaka anatsimikiza mtima wa Kama Glades. Yomanga analamulira "Rosenergoatom". Malinga ndi ntchito mphamvu zatsopano za chomera adzakhala zopanda 2,300 MW, amene adzapereka makina amene awiri a 1150 MW. Kuti Baibulo lakale la zomangamanga, palibe amene adzabwerera, koma kuti ntchito zomangamanga a zotsalira zofunika, izo compensates ena ndalama. The mtengo yaikulu cha polojekitiyi ali pafupifupi pakati biliyoni 20 ndi 48 dollars.

Othandiza

Ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya nthawi resonates, osati yekha, ndi Chitata NPP. The resumption ntchito yomanga akweza namondwe anthu a. Panali mbali ndi adani. Kufunika yomanga chomera anatsimikizira chitukuko mofulumira Zakamja. Mu zone chuma m'boma Yelabuga anaganiza zomanga zana ndi makumi atatu zomera mphamvu kwambiri mafakitale, pali mapulani lalikulu chitukuko cha mafakitale mu Naberezhnye Chelny, pamafunika mphamvu osauka petrochemical makampani mu Nizhnekamsk, mu Mendeleevsk anakonza yomanga gawo lachiwiri la mbewu "ammonium". Zofunika kukula amafuna mphamvu wotchipa.

Gululi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya kuthamanga kuganizira chigawo chuma m'tsogolo umoyo wa Tatarstan ndi pa chitetezo cha mphamvu za nyukiliya. Komanso, mphamvu za nyukiliya udzathetsa vuto la ulova mu Kama Glades. Lero, mu nzinda wa za 15.700 anthu, anthu onse amene amakakamizidwa kufuna ntchito mpaka kunja kwa mzindawo. Mphamvu akatswiri zambiri ntchito mosinthana malo osiyanasiyana kumanga kapena ngakhale amasamukira kumadera kwina kukafuna moyo wabwino. Kukulozani okwerera osati kupereka ntchito kwa anthu onse, komanso kuonjezera inflow wa asilikali ntchito, kenako ndi nambala ya anthu kwa anthu 600 sauzande.

otsutsa

Against yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zachilengedwe, asayansi ndi nzika wamba. mkanganowo ndi ngozi zivomerezi, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa kutayikira ndi kuipitsidwa wa dera lalikulu, imfa ya moyo mu malo amene kuli anthu. Zotsatira za tsoka limene tinganene, koma sikutheka kuwerengetsa zomvetsa onse, makamaka yaitali. The Chernobyl tsoka, ndipo lero akupereka anadabwa zokhumudwitsa, ngakhale malonjezo a boma akuluakulu Chiyukireniya ku dera kwathunthu woyera.

mfundo zinanso moratorium ndi yomanga lotchedwa pamaso zopangira magetsi angapo pafupi ndi zigawo ndi maofesi mafakitale. Makamaka, kuloza ku Nizhnekamsk HPP, sachiza pa mphamvu zonse. Kudzaza opangira magetsi damu msinkhu wa mamita 68 (panopa 63 m.), Kodi kuonjezera mphamvu 1248 MW ntchito. (Panopa 450 MW.).

Komanso, ena otsutsa kuti kulenganso ufulu mphamvu ya dera sangathe kuyamba ndi Chitata NPP, ndi kutsitsimutsa siteshoni m'tauni ya Dimitrovgrad. Chitata NPP lero Kodi - ndi inawonongedwa nyumba, mbali yaing'ono chabe, amene amasunga umphumphu ndi chifukwa chabe mukhoza kuwononga kuponyera simenti ndi kupita atomiki kuphulika. Mu Dimitrovgrad, mpaka posachedwapa, opareshoni mathanki 8, cholinga chawo chinali kafukufuku ndi asilikali.

Tsopano pali awiri okha, zofunikira lonse wokonzeka, ntchito yapadera ndi ndalama za kutembenuka si chofunika. Iwo amatchedwa njira zochepa vuto kupereka mphamvu pa nthawi yomweyo zodzudzula "Rosatom" mu lobbying zofuna zawo kupweteketsa oyandikana.

Mawu a anthu

The ambiri amaona kuopseza zosaneneka atumiza nyukiliya moyandikana yomweyo, anayambitsa misonkhano ndi siteshoni kuwatsitsimula. Yomanga Chitata NPP nthawi zambiri anazindikira zoipa.

Dziko misonkhano pa mlingo wapamwamba, ntchito ndi anthu pa mafotokozedwe a chitetezo zamakono nyukiliya, amene anakonza ntchito Chitata NPP ntchito. Mamadysh, Naberezhnye Chelny ndi zina zikuluzikulu mizinda ya Tatarstan ambiri safuna kufotokoza kuthandiza polojekiti. Pankhaniyi, iwo onse akufuna kukhala dera ndi miyezo yapamwamba moyo. Ngakhale chododometsa insoluble.