Zitsulo Machining: njira, zida ndi makina

zitsulo kudula processing imagwiridwa ndi workpiece anapeza mawonekedwe ankafunila. Chifukwa chaichi m'pofunika kuchotsa owonjezera. mpheto amenewa imagwiridwa ndi ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kudula pa makina wapadera. Mu makina Machining zitsulo ndi zofunika. Ndithudi, popanda m'chitidwe umenewu, simungathe kupanga galimoto iliyonse wamba, palibe chida chilichonse.

Ntchito zipangizo zamakono

Kumaliza kudzera kudula ndi kuchita pansi koyamba wosemera ntchito ndi ntchito komaliza, wotchedwa kuwamaliza chabwino. Chifukwa zimenezi ndi zina zofunika kuti, kusunga mkulu mwatsatanetsatane kuti: kuti tuzigawo twa wa micron ndi. Ndipo ili ndi zochepa kwambiri.

makhalidwe Machining chachitsulo kwa madera ambiri makina. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa rotors hayidiroliki. awiri awo impellers mwina upambana chilemba cha mamita 9-10. Komanso zingawathandize kudula ndi anthu zinthu zina zimavuta kuona ngakhale pansi simungathe kutiona. Ndi processing mchitidwe amalandira ankafunila mawonekedwe, kukula, ndi amapeza zofunika pamwamba khalidwe. Kuyambira chithunzi ichi zimadalira nthawi ya mankhwala.

chiphunzitso kudula

Izi kuphunzira kudula zitsulo ngati. Iye anaonekera mu m'ma XIX. Komabe nayo, onse mu Russia ndi mayiko ena. funso lofunika - ndi mlingo wa kuchotsa zinthu ndi makina Chip kuti chida durability ndi maximized. Zingaoneke kuti si zovuta kukwaniritsa imathamanga mkulu. Koma izi sizili choncho. Chinthu ndi kuti processing wa zitsulo ndi kudula akufotokozera kutentha. Iwo likamatenthetsa ndi kumafeŵetsa chida kuti ntchito ndipo akhoza kuwonongeka izo. Nkofunika kusankha chida choyenera kuti yozizira. Koma sikuti kuthetsa vutoli. Komanso, nthawi zina kuwononga zitsulo. Choncho, liwiro la zimadaliranso mmene makina zolondola asankhidwa kale. Chida kudula zitsulo Machining ayenera kuthi kuganizira katundu chuma ndi katundu wake.

Features makina ntchito

Kudula makina anawagawa mitundu. Iwo amasiyana mawu a zida ntchito. Komanso zokhomakhoma luso kudula mwa iwo ndi osiyana. The zambiri ntchito chida. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchita ntchito cha kapangidwe iliyonse. zipangizo zina zonse, kapena kusinthidwa ndi zace, kapena osakaniza a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali awiri ziwembu ambiri ntchito:

• kutembenuka, pamene workpiece ali onsewo ndi chida amapita pang'onopang'ono nguli;
• planing - iwo ali onse translational apaulendo.

Machine zida imafunika chosiyana.

Makamaka zitsulo kudula

Monga kwanenedwera kale, ndondomeko ndi funso mwina atypical. Ndipo pali njira zosiyana Machining zitsulo, umene amapereka ntchito zida zina.

Kuwonjezera anapotoloka, planing, kugwira ntchito wamba amagwiritsa mphero ndi umapezeka. Komabe, njira choyamba - wotchuka kwambiri. Machining zitsulo kudula mwa njira zosiyanasiyana amafananadi ndi kukulitsa. Kotero ngati inu kuphunzira njira imeneyi, mavuto ndi zina za m'tsogolo ndithudi palibe. Ndipo zonse zikhala zophweka kwambiri mawu a ntchito. Pansipa ife azipereka ntchito makina makamaka a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito lathes

Kudula angakhale osiyana. Za mtundu wina chifungulo cha makina - ndi lathe. ntchito zake ndi ankachita kalelo. Ndiyeno opareshoni kudzera mindandanda yamasewera chingwe ngati uta ndi woponya a. M'madera monga kudula zitsulo, kutembenuzira pa nthawi ino amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbali makina. Ndipo izo zachita mofulumira ndi molondola kuti njira makina amenewa sangathe kukwaniritsa zolinga.

Maziko a mtundu wa Makina chimango lapansi. Workpiece ayenera Finyani pakati pa malo ndi kumbuyo kwa headstock, kapena katiriji a. The caliper kulimbikitsa wodula. Khalani ndi galimoto wapadera bokosi ngati, chofunika rotational liwiro kwa kudula. The chida alipo kuthamanga wodzigudubuza amene anayamba chifukwa ndi umapangitsanso Wopanda ndi wodula lapansi. Ngati kuwonjezera ayenera kutsogolera wononga, ndiye ndi makina angachichite kudula. Pamene kupezeka swivel mutu, m'malo tailstock ndi chida otchedwa kutembenukira-mfuti. Izi makina kudula angachichite mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito. Pakuti malonda processing ndi awiri lalikulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito zida monga lobotokarny Pandendera kapena lathe makina. Pali mitundu ina ya izo.

Kuchuluka kukaniza lathe

Akatswiri mowirikiza ntchito mwakhama kupeza zipangizo abwino amene amatha kukulitsa durability wa chida kudula zitsulo. Poyamba, makina chopangidwa ndi steels yosavuta mpweya, ndi dongosolo losavuta mawu zimapangidwira. Kenako, zipangizo anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito okhutira mkulu tungsten. Ndi thandizo lawo kotheka kudula zitsulo zambiri mofulumira. Choncho, iwo anawaitana mkulu-liwiro. Komabe, iwo nthaŵi anasiya kukumana ndi akatswiri a luso lopanga.

Ndiye iwo m'malo ndi makina kulenga osankhidwa mwapadera anabwera kasakaniza wazitsulo zovuta, okhoza kukhala mphamvu ngakhale pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndondomeko zomwe zachokera processing zitsulo ndi kudula, wakhala sizivuta. Wakhala akwaniritsa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi kukana pazipita kuti kutentha. Malinga ndi kuwumitsa workpiece koyamba, monga wodula ndi mtundu wa ntchito, litha kuchizika ndi liwiro anakhumba, lomwe ndi Lamulo mwa mabokosi wapadera.

Mphero onse mtundu wa processing zitsulo

Njira ntchito mwachilungamo inafalitsidwa ndi mokwanira mkulu ntchito. Iwo ikuchitika ndi makina wapadera mphero. CNC (kompyuta n'zosangalatsa kumva ulamuliro) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zambiri. Malinga ndi mayikidwe a thandizo, iwo anawagawa mitundu ingapo:

• ofukula;
• yopingasa;
• zipata;
• kotenga;
• hobbing;
• spindle;
• osakwatiwa-spindle ndi ena.

Akatswiri mu kupanga mtundu wa zida mowirikiza kuwongolera kuti Machining zitsulo zokolola anali wapamwamba. makina chuma zikusintha, mutating ndi kamangidwe kake. Monga wodula planing, mphero wodula amachita kanthu ofanana. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo Chili ena a mitundu wake. Ndipo izo zidzakhala waphindu. Chifukwa ichi, kwambiri kuposa planing mphero ndi pang'onopang'ono n'kubweretsa kuntchito.

akupera Features

Makina mankhwala mtundu uwu ntchito kugaya kali mkati ndi kunja kwa zozungulira mawonekedwe osiyana ndege centreless processing ulusi magiya , ndi zambiri. Chotero chida kwa zitsulo zimagawidwa monga asonyeza. Kuwonjezera pa makina wapadera, pali wodziwanso kuposa chida. Izi gudumu umapezeka limene lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zazing'ono kudula. Nawonso, ndi wotetezedwa ndi zipangizo wapadera kulankhulana. Ndipo aliyense tinthu palokha ndi chida. Monga mukuonera, ife tayang'ananso zipangizo processing zitsulo. M'munsimu tione njira zamakono zambiri zimene zingathe kuchita kudula.

NKHANI luso plasma kudula

Pali njira zingapo ntchito zitsulo otsika mpweya. Komabe, plasma kudula ndi imodzi mwa lapansi. Choncho, zinthu zake ndi ubwino mtengo kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane. Njira zamakono ndi mofulumira ndipo nthawi ikusintha. Madzi a m'magazi kudula zitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana mafakitale: kuchokera kumanga nyumba, kutsiriza ndi luso lopanga. Kuwonjezera pa njira mpweya gasi, amaona zingamuthandize ndithu.

ubwino Ofunika

Njira plasma kudula ali ambiri ubwino. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi liwiro la ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kudula akusowekapo ndi makulidwe kwa 25 mm. Mu nkhani iyi, processing liwiro za kawiri kapena kuposa ntchito chimodzimodzi kudula mpweya gasi mtundu. Ndipo izo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti ndi kuchepetsa appreciable mu makulidwe a pepala zitsulo, mwina upambana ndi mu nthawi 12. madalitso amenewa akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera zokolola ndi kupulumutsa nthawi.

Ubwino wina wa njira - ndi mkulu khalidwe ndi liwiro kuotcha. Mkhalidwe umenewu nkofunika kwambiri pamene kudula katundu zitsulo. Mu plasma njira ndi a dongosolo la masekondi 2. Yerekezerani, malawi kudula ndi mpweya - 30, motero, malinga kutentha kugwilizana ndi madigiri 1 zikwi osachepera. Mwachidule mogwirizana bwino chida ndi zitsulo makamaka kuti zinthu deformable sadzakhala ndi nthawi angapo masekondi monga angayambe mulandu wina.

Wina indubitable mwayi plasma njira akhoza kutchulidwa osachepera kuchuluka kwa lonse pa ntchito. Izo zikhoza kuchotsedwa. kudula machitidwe nawonso zosavuta kusamalira ndi kuthandiza kuonetsetsa kuti kufunika chida msinkhu ndi liwiro labwino.

Sungani nthawi ndi ndalama

Madzi a m'magazi kudula kumaphatikizapo ntchito munthawi yomweyo mapepala angapo, zomwe kwambiri amapulumutsa nthawi. Ndi njira imeneyi, ndingathe kupirira osiyanasiyana zipangizo:

• zotayidwa;
• zitsulo zosapanga;
• zamkuwa ndi zambiri.

Tikumbukenso ndi chitetezo kachitidwe plasma. Iwo alibe ntchito mpweya flammable, lotseguka malawi, osati kwambiri kutentha. Zonsezi kumachepetsa kwambiri lingathe kuopsa kwa owerenga pamene ntchito ndi chitsulo chotentha. kutentha kukhudzana m'dera 2 okha millimeters.

makhalidwe onse plasma kudula amadza zabwino pa mtengo kwa processing yachiwiri ya zipangizo. Ntchito akutsatiridwa efficiently, msanga ndipo konsekonse. Kuthetsa mavuto ubwino tanena ali kwambiri adalipo kuposa ena.

NKHANI njira laser

Pakali pano, mu processing katundu zitsulo anayambitsa umisiri ambiri. Iwo akhoza kwambiri atsogolere ntchito opanga, omanga ndi akatswiri ena amene ntchito ndi zolowana chokhudzana ndi ndondomeko imeneyi. Laser kudula tsopano ankaona patsogolo kwambiri. Timatha inu kupeza mwayi waukulu mu kupanga mankhwala zitsulo mawu a kamangidwe ndi mitundu yonse ya masanjidwe.

Njira imeneyi zingamuthandize ndi aang'ono, koma kale ambiri adayala. laser kudula zitsulo imagwiridwa ndi lolunjika zoikamo wamphamvu mwaukadaulo wapadera. Iwo yodziwika ndi mkulu wa ndende cheza. Ndi luso podula osati zotayidwa kapena mkuwa, komanso mitengo ndi zina zipangizo.

Kufotokozera za njira

Ndi njira ya kudula pamwamba pa zitsulo oxides kuonekera. Iwo kuonjezera mphamvu mayamwidwe ndondomeko ndipo tingakhalebe kutentha kufika kusungunuka. The laser mtengo malo amalenga pazipita kukhudzana kutentha khalidwe limene nkhani wayamba kusungunula. Koma kunja kwa zone limeneli kokha usavutike. Pamodzi ndi ichi pali chakudya mpweya zotakasika, ambiri amangoti oxygen. Iye n'kuliza mankhwala kuyaka ndi akhoza kwambiri pa kudula liwiro. Mpweya likamatenthetsa ndi kuchotsa zigawo zingapo achitsulo ndi oxides.

Zonsezi akubwera pa nthawi, mpaka chuma kudula kuzama kwa zake zonse. Pambuyo ndege mpweya pafupi ndi mzere kulekana angathe mwachangu yozizira izo. A zone ka zotsatira matenthedwe amapereka kwa chilengedwe cha kutalika yaing'ono Chrixitu (dongosolo la 0, 2 millimeters) m'mbali anakonza mu kufanana. Nthawi zambiri, polinga kuti apindule ndi lolondola kuperekedwa mu kudula ntchito kumeneko muyenera kuzitsatira ulamuliro basi ndi kompyuta. Zikatero, mukhoza pulogalamu chilengedwe cha mankhwala mu anamaliza mawonekedwe.

Pakuti laser kudula pepala zitsulo ambiri amangoti ntchito zida pamaziko a zida olimba boma ndi gasi. Nkhani odulidwa Choncho analandira mwangwiro athyathyathya. No Machining zitsulo kudula sangathe kuonetsetsa mwandondomeko yotereyi polingalira za ntchito ntchito ndi osachepera zinyalala. Mu zitsulo ambiri pepala ntchito makina ntchito potengera mpweya ndi lasers boma olimba. Laser odulidwa zitsulo mwangwiro athyathyathya. Iye sanalandire deformities kuti alipo mu gawo makina. Komanso, luso laser kudula limachititsa kukwaniritsa ntchito yapadera mwatsatanetsatane, zinyalala osachepera ndi kusala kuphedwa.

Ubwino wa njira

Mu msika wa malonda zitsulo kudula laser kudula ndi imodzi mwa zosiririka kwambiri. Iwo makamaka anapanga ntchito zipangizo molimba mosavuta. Ndipotu, iwo ndi zovuta kwambiri mawu a akuchitira, ndipo kawirikawiri akanakhoza aziwonjezereka pambuyo mwai amenewa. Laser kudula bwino yoti:

• chitsulo;
• zitsulo sanali akakhala;
• zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo.

Mbale komanso kuposa kukonzedwa. Zikhala zophweka kuti ntchito ndi akalumikidzidwa zovuta mbali zitsulo ndi kupanga dzenje zipangizo zovuta kwambiri ndi awiri wamng'ono. Kodi mungapereke mpata kwa malingaliro awo mwa mawu a masamu. dongosolo akhoza makina. Zokwanira kuti akonze file wapadera ndi pulogalamu anapatsidwa pa kompyuta. Makina maganizo pa zitsulo sadzakhala - M'pofunikanso. Komanso laser mankhwala anaona ubwino zotsatirazi:

• Luso lopeka zovuta mizere kudula.
• Iwo akhoza kusamalira pafupifupi zitsulo aliyense pepala kaya tingachidziwe matenthedwe.
• Mkulu mwatsatanetsatane ntchito.
• Kudula zili zotheka ngakhale pa zipangizo mosavuta deformable ndi zovuta kwambiri.
• Mkulu ntchito mwa ntchito laser mphamvu yaikulu.
• Ngati pamwamba ayenera kukhala yosalala, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtanda maganizo ndi mphamvu chosinthika.

njira gasi

Taganizirani njira zofala kukhudzana ndi zitsulo, chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Izi kudula mpweya. Ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi mtengo wogwira. Mu njira ina, limatchedwanso mpweya, monga mu nkhani iyi, ndi ndondomeko zotsatira pa zitsulo ali ndi chikhalidwe matenthedwe. Pali ndege mpweya nditamaliza ntchito ndipo amachotsa yotsalira okusayidi madzi. Kuyamba ndi lupanga chapamwamba mbali mkangano. Malinga mipweya ya chuma (mwachitsanzo zitsulo), poyatsira kutentha kwake siyana pakati pa 1000 ndi 1200 madigiri.

Gasi kudula angagwiritsidwe ntchito processing srednelegirovannoj, otsika alloyed kapena mpweya zitsulo. The makulidwe a chinsalu chitsulo kapena nkhani ina ayenera kukhala munthu pazipita millimeters 300. Oxy mafuta njira ya chitsulo ntchito ali ubwino:

• Low processing ndalama.
• Musaphwanye ntchito ndi m'mphepete pambuyo ndondomeko udzatha.
• Pali mwachindunji ndi opendekera kudula malonda kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana.
• Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu mapepala zitsulo.

Kodi pali muyezo wa ntchito?

Ambiri akukayika ngati processing wa zitsulo kapena mfundo zina kudula GOST zokhudza kukhazikitsa wapanga processing. Choncho, malinga ndi malamulo atsopano ndiponso muyezo, zoterezi ndi mavuto ake. Choyamba zinthu zonse izi kapena kuti kasinthidwe ndi miyeso kuperekedwa. Izi zimafuna zolembedwa luso ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomanga naye. Komanso pamwamba tiyenera kukhala oyera mogwirizana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka. Away kutchulidwa makina Machining zitsulo njira processing, kuphatikizapo kutembenuza, kuboola mphero, ndi mortising, broaching. Likupezeka, ndi chithandizo chomaliza mankhwala. Mtundu uliwonse wa zitsulo Machining limafanana osati kwa zipangizo zina, komanso nambala siriyo.

Monga momwe taonera, pali njira zambiri mawotchi ndi yodzichitira processing wa katundu ndi cholinga kudula. Zonsezi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangamanga, zomangamanga, kukonza ndi m'madera ena. Njira ndi zonse zilibwino ndi kusinthidwa ndi watsopano, zida zamakono analenga, zomwe nthawi iliyonse amapanga ndondomeko yonse kwambiri ophweka.