Katundu babbitt. Zikuchokera, mtundu, kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito babbitt

Nkhaniyi amalimbana kwambiri aloyi analengedwa ndi jeweler - izo ndi za American Isaac Babbitt. . Zinali Babbitt amene anabweretsa zatsopano mu 1841, mphoto ya madola 20 zikwi ku United States Congress, linandithandizanso mu ntchito yake - ndi jeweler anayamba amakhazikika mu kasakaniza wazitsulo. Babbitt anali kale okhala mu 1844 ku UK, ndipo mu 1847 - mu Russian Ufumu. Wasayansi wapatali mwana ku United States mu pano, kumene ntchito, kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi zimene ali mbali ndinu wotsimikiza kuphunzira.

Babbit - ndichiyani

Polemekeza I. Babbitt dzina lake ndi aloyi zitsulo zitatu zimene zili zofunikira kwambiri kupanga mayendedwe - Sungunulani anatsanulira babbitt zitsulo mpanda wa mumtima membala kutsinde, chimene pamene kasinthasintha, ndipo pali mikangano. Kutulukira ndi wasayansi American angathe kuchepetsa kubala avale.

The zikuchokera Babbitt anapereka yosiyana kufanana, tini antimony, kutsogolera ndi mkuwa. Popeza babbitt zitsulo tichipeza zinthu zonse zofewa ndi zovuta za iye waima katundu antifriction, kuvala kukana. Adalenga kuchokera mmenemo mayendedwe woyenera snugly kwa migodi, ndi opareshoni kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kutalika kwa uziyenda olondola kuchitira babbitt zimadalira makulidwe a osewera pa aloyi zitsulo za wosanjikiza izi zapamadzi. The n'kakang'ono ndi, mbali yaitali akhoza opareshoni.

katundu babbitt

Tikungotchula waukulu chidwi katundu wa aloyi ndi:

• odana ndi mikangano zakuthupi - kukana frictions (reciprocating kayendedwe ngati "apa ndi apo");
• kukana dzimbiri;
• otsika kuuma (HB 13-32);
• durability;
• mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe;
• nezavyshennaya limatsogolera kutentha - 240-340 madigiri Celsius;
• Kuchuluka aloyi razmyagchaemost pa madigiri 100 Celsius (HB 9-24);
• kuchuluka kulimba.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa babbitt

Poganizira katundu wa babbitt, dinani ubwino kiyi ndi kuipa. Ndi aloyi ubwino monga makhalidwe ake odana ndi mikangano ndi kuthamanga-mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Aloyi zayamba kumawonjezera moyo utumiki wa zimakhudza ndi durability ake - pamene ankagwira ntchito babbitt wosanjikiza anapanga microtubules, zimene zimawononga kwa gawo lubricant.

Mmodzi, koma sangathe kwambiri ndi babbits awo otsika poyerekeza ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zina mphamvu. Chifukwa cha ichi, CHIKWANGWANI otere okha chitsulo kwambiri wangwiro pulasitala, zitsulo kapena nyumba zamkuwa.

Mitundu ndi zopangidwa wa aloyi

Species-chizindikiro babbitt mitundu itatu - malingana ndi zitsulo m'munsi:

1. Calcium. Ngakhale maziko ake ndi aloyi kutsogolera zichokela dzina la chimodzi pa - chili mwa zikuchokera monga kashiamu ndi sodium wochuluka. zinthu izi kusiyanitsa ndi babbitt mtengo kwambiri angakwanitse, kupereka madutsidwe apamwamba matenthedwe ndi osalimba. Koma pamene aloyi zimenezi mofulumira oxidized, kuti si kuwonjezera durability. Choncho kashiamu babbitt ambiri milandu ntchito mu oyika mafelemu a magalimoto onse katundu ndi zonyamula - kumene nthawi zambiri kufufuzidwa ndipo m'malo mofulumira ngati n'koyenera.
2. Tin. Maziko ichi ndi malata babbit lomwe lili koyefishienti mkulu wa mikangano, mkulu avale kukana ndi ductility kuchuluka kukana dzimbiri. aloyi Uku kawiri wamphamvu monga wake "abale." Choncho, chofunika chizindikiro babbitt akatundu, omwe chifukwa cha katundu pazipita ndi udindo wofunika anapatsidwa. Munda wawo wa ntchito - zosiyanasiyana Motors otsika-liwiro. Komanso malata, amapezeka aloyi ichi ndi faifi tambala kapena cadmium, kapena antimony ndi mkuwa. The sangathe wa babbitt malata kokha kukhala mtengo wake wokwera pakati kasakaniza wazitsulo izi.
3. Patsogolo. zigawo zofewa pano ndi kutsogolera ndi antimony - 87% ndipo 13% motero mu gawo lino. Olimba aloyi mchitidwe - antimony izi galasi (5% kale chiweruzo pa). babbitt Zimenezi allocated elasticity, ndi chifukwa kuti apange mayendedwe kwambiri yodzaza. Komabe, titha kuti kumabweretsa mkulu-kutentha Kutentha amafotokozera. Dziwani kuti babbits ngati kuti atengeke dzimbiri. njira zawo - injini dizilo wa mathirakitala ndi magalimoto.

Stamps kutsogolera babbitt - B16 (kutsogolera - n'chofunika), BS6, BN (kutsogolera, tini faifi tambala, mkuwa, Arsenic, cadmium, antimony). Iwo, monga chitinicho, malinga ndi GOST 1320-74. Kashiamu kasakaniza wazitsulo zizigwirizana GOST 1209-90; mitundu - ndi BK2, BKA, BK2TS, BK2SH. Stamps malata babbitt - B83, B83S (yaing'ono Kuwonjezera kutsogolera), B88. Movement B83, mwachitsanzo - ndi 80% wa chigawo malata, 12% SB, ndipo 6% mkuwa, pafupifupi 0.1% ya bismuth, kutsogolera chitsulo, Arsenic, zotayidwa. A B6 - ndi 88% patsogolo, 0,3% mkuwa, 0.1% chitsulo, yaing'ono chiwerengero cha nthaka ndi Arsenic.

kupanga aloyi

Babbitt katundu ndi mwachindunji amadalira m'nyanjazi ake. Kupanga ake amafuna yekha kupanga zinthu zake (kapena processing zipangizo recyclable), chifukwa - kwathunthu opangidwa aloyi. Chiphunzitso babbitt - ingots imeneyi, nkhumba masekeli makilogalamu zosakwana 22. Kwa iwo chuma osewera ali mosamalitsa - kutsukidwa, degreased. Pamene kusungunuka misa atachotsedwa padziko sprudinu - refractory thovu.

Yopanga itha babbitt kuponyera ingots. Aliyense wa iwo okhala chizindikiro malonda, dzina mtundu ndi siriyo chiwerengero cha mitengo ikuluikulu. Ogwira ntchito za mbewu, amene imakhazikika mu mayendedwe kuponyera, wokonzeka ingots anasungunuka, njerwa nawatsanulira babbitt kusungunula mu chipolopolo mwankhanza.

limatsogolera babbitt

Pakuti kasakaniza wazitsulo awa ntchito ngati zitsulo chachikulu - primal miyala ndi sekondale - kusungunuka zitsulo. Kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu zalembedwa mu ndime yoyamba ija, anawonjezera mu babbits cadmium, Arsenic, sodium, tellurium.

Babbit B16, BN, B88 ndipo iye adaponyamo ena mu ingots (ingot), yodziwika ndi misa bwino chimatanthauza. N'kofunikanso kuti padziko ingot si anati kuipitsidwa pang'ono - ngakhale chinthu ichi zingathe kusokoneza khalidwe la Azidziwa.

Brand babbitt komanso amakhudza aloyi a limatsogolera kutentha. Choncho, wotchuka kwambiri B83 babbitt chimasungunula pa madigiri 240 Celsius, ndi malata B83 - pamlingo + madigiri 340-440 pamlingo womwewo.

Kulunjika ntchito babbitt

Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza uliwonse wa zamoyo ayenera zapamwamba babbitt yake aloyi:

• Polumikiza mayendedwe ndodo (olowa pisitoni ndi crankshaft) - chizindikiro BM. Ntchito thalakitala. Iwo ayenera m'malo ndi latsopano mwa aliyense makilomita zikwi.
• Main zimakhudza - kugwiritsa ntchito babbitt B88 anakonzedwa liwiro mkulu katundu mkulu mphamvu. Choncho, chizindikiro ichi bwino ntchito kwa sing'anga ndi mkulu-liwiro dizilo injini.
• Mayendedwe kwa mapaipi m'madzi madzi, kompresa - mtundu wa BN, abwino kwa katundu sing'anga ndi liwiro.
• Lolemera makina - katundu babbitt B16 sukulu abwino.

mtengo babbitt

Taganizirani mtengo wa aloyi mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia. Price zimadalira katundu wa babbitt, pa masitampu ake. Choncho, ambiri mtengo wa kutsogolera babbitt B16 -. 350 zikwi rubles / tani. mtengo wa aloyi kalasi B83 - za 1.3 miliyoni rubles / tani.

Ngati tikulingalira yobwezeretsanso msika, 1 makilogalamu babbit zitsulo angathe kumwedwa pa mtengo pazipita 500-600 rubles. / Kg. Kwenikweni, kasakaniza wazitsulo awa kugula kwa akanagwiritsa ntchito wotsatira, kuyambira mayendedwe zambiri zosafunika kungawononge mpaka kalekale chilengedwe komanso cadmium, kutsogolera antimony - kwenikweni amawononga chikhalidwe ozungulira.

Babbitt kasakaniza wazitsulo - osati masiku Kutulukira. Komabe, masiku ano zogwirizana mu zimango - ndicho, mu kupanga mayendedwe. Pali chifukwa chakuti kuti babbits cholimba, kuvala zosagwira, mofulumira ndi mwamphamvu akukhatira tsatanetsatane, zipangitsa chete ndi mikangano ndi chifukwa matenthedwe madutsidwe ake otsika, kuthetsa injini kutenthedwa. Komanso, opanga kupereka ambiri zopangidwa osiyanasiyana babbitt, aliyense wa Chofanana mitundu yeniyeni ngati akatundu, ndi makina lonse la injini.