Ma polima mu moyo wathu: kupanga labala

Masiku ano, ma polima kupanga zatenga malo ofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu onse. Iwo ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo wathu: kuchokera zovala, mbale, zidole ndege, mabomba, magalimoto. Ndipo mmodzi wa chidwi kwambiri ndi zofunika kwa chiwerengero cha katundu wapadera ndi mphira kupanga. Chilinganizo zachilengedwe analogue ali ndi dongosolo zonse, pamene nthawi yomweyo, kupanga - osasamba.

Kuti apange ma polima wa mtundu uwu pamlingo mafakitale anayamba atatsala pang'ono nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu Germany ndi Russia. Butadiene mphira ndi sodium "Boone" anamasulidwa ku Germany. Ndipo woyamba kupangidwa pamlingo m'mafakitale Russia polybutadiene. Wake umatulutsa njira anionic polymerization madzi butadiene anayamba Lebedev S.

Nkhondo itatha, chifukwa cha kusowa mankhwala achilengedwe, mitundu kupanga anayamba kutulutsa mu United States. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka lero amasulidwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zochokera kupanga labala, komanso mankhwala onse mphira ndi zolembedwa ndi kupanga zikuluzikulu. Magalimoto, Azamlengalenga ndi ndege, zomangamanga, zomangamanga, zamagetsi, mankhwala, makampani nsapato, katundu - palibe mafakitale izi sipangakhalenso popanda polima wapadera. Kugwiritsira yafika chifukwa kuika wapadera wa maonekedwe ndi makina a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya labala ndi rubbers m'Malemba.

Kupanga mphira - ndi elastomer zimene elasticity chibadidwe, madzi kukana ndi kutchinjiriza magetsi katundu. Ndi ntchito ya vulcanization ndondomeko ma polima wa mtundu uwu angathe kukonzedwa mu jombo ndi ebonite.

Onse zipangizo polymeric a kalasi ali m'magulu malinga ntchito pa m'kamwa cholinga chapadera ndi ambiri. Kupanga mphira ambiri cholinga - ndi imodzi yomwe amakhala ndi zovuta katundu kwambiri luso (kusinthasintha, mphamvu kwake, ndi ena.). ambiri cholinga rubbers bwinobwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana mankhwala a kuŵeta, makamaka matayala. Apa monga butadiene, butadiene-methylstyrene, isoprene rubbers, ndi isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl mphira).

Kupanga mphira nthawi zonse cholinga chapadera kapena angapo osiyana mbali yapadera yomwe imapereka mkulu amasankha amafuna wapadera ntchito mankhwala zinthu monyanyira. Mwachitsanzo, nitrile Imathamanga mafuta ake okwezeka ndi petulo zosagwira. Fluorinated - kwambiri ndi gaskets ndi mkulu matenthedwe bata (200 ° C). Imatchedwanso polysulfide mphira kupanga, vinylpyridine, urethanes, ndi zina halogenated isobutylene.

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana izi zipangizo polymeric pa kapangidwe ndi katundu, chibwenzi, chitukuko akupitiriza m'dera lino, kuti athe kukumana konse kukula zofuna za makasitomala osiyana m'madera osiyana.