Zipangizo Anti-mikangano: mwachidule, katundu ndi ntchito

The ndondomeko ya ntchito mayunitsi luso, makina ndi magulu amafotokozera munthu zida ndi amatipeza limodzi ndi avale. Mwagwirizana zinthu mwamwambo kanthu yosiyana kuchonderera mwamphamvu pa kumam'phunzitsa wina kumva kuwawa wa pamalo awo ndi chiwonongeko cha dongosolo mkati. Komanso, kuchita chimodzimodzi ali zambiri ndi malo mu mawonekedwe a kukokoloka ndi cavitation. Chifukwa, pali imfa ya luso ntchito, kapena kuchepetsa katundu opaleshoni. The ndemanga zotsatirazi anawombera mikangano ndi odana ndi mikangano zipangizo chingatithandize kumvetsa njira imene kuchepetsa osafunika kukhululukirana. zomangira analimbikitsa ntchito ndi zida mafakitale ndi zipangizo kunyumba, komanso zida nyumbayi.

Kusiyana mikangano ndi odana ndi mikangano zakuthupi

Kuphunzira zinthuzi pa nkhani ya munthu chifukwa chakuti ntchito yawo zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ambiri zimagwirira - kukhululukirana. Koma ngati odana ndi mikangano zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi zina ndi udindo kuchepa kwa phindu, ndi mikangano - M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera izo. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, aloyi ufa ndi koyefishienti kuchuluka kwa mikangano kupereka kukana kumva kuwawa ndi makina mphamvu ya chandamale workgroup. Pofuna kukwaniritsa katundu awa a zipangizo mikangano anapanga refractory oxides, carbides, boron, pakachitsulo ndi ena. Mosiyana ndi zinthu odana ndi mikangano, ndi mikangano ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zonse zinchito mu njira ya. Izi, makamaka, angakhale mabuleki ndi zowalamulira.

Kupereka vuto la kukula mikangano, iwo ntchito mu kufanana ndi mndandanda mavuto luso. Pa yemweyo zipangizo nthawi, mikangano ndi odana ndi mikangano musanagwiritse ntchito chiphaso okhwima mayesero zasayansi. Anthu kasakaniza wazitsulo aone mabuleki situ ndi benchi mayesero, imene anatsimikiza kufunika kwa ntchito zawo kuchita. Kwambiri zipangizo zambiri zamakono zipangizo mikangano ya ma polima lero zimapangidwa ndi njira zosiyana. Choncho, limagwirira ananyema gulu ntchito zida compaction - mitundu anapanga ziyangoyango, mbale ndi Boma. zipangizo lamba anapangidwa ndi luso nsalu, ndipo linings - pakubwezeretsa.

The katundu zipangizo odana ndi mikangano

Tsatanetsatane ndi ntchito odana ndi mikangano ayenera kutsatira mndandanda waukulu amafuna liwulo makhalidwe pamoyo ntchito. The zakuthupi ayenera yogwirizana ndi mbali mating, ndi malo antchito. Kumbali ya ngakhale isanayambe kapena itatha burnishing zinthu amatipatsa digiri Napempha kwa kuchepetsa mikangano. Apa tisaiwale akuthamanga-wotero. katundu Kudziwa luso amafotokozera kuti mwachibadwa kusintha Masamu pamwamba pa mawonekedwe mulingo woyenera kuti ndi oyenera malo opaleshoni. Mu mawu ena, workpiece ndi achotsa dongosolo kuthetsa ndi monyanyira tosaoneka, kenako lamoto-ntchito adzapereka zinthu ndi yaikulu kochepa.

Kuvala kukana - chofunika katundu wogwidwa ndi zinthuzi. zinthu Anti-mikangano ayenera dongosolo limene limapereka kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya avale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, item sayenera kwambiri okhwima ndi zovuta, monga mu nkhani iyi adzakhala azitaya jamming, amene si zofunika zakuthupi odana ndi kukhululukirana. Komanso, luso n'kopanda chuma amenewa, mayamwidwe wa particles olimba. chakuti mikangano ndi osiyana, zimathandiza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zinthu zazing'ono - zina zitsulo. Nawonso antifriction pamwamba ali ndi mphamvu "chilema" mu particles ziwawazo, kuchotsa iwo kuchokera workspace lapansi.

Zitsulo zipangizo odana ndi mikangano

Zamgululi zochokera zitsulo ndi zimapanga sipekitiramu kwambiri yotakata zinthu odana ndi mikangano ya kagulu. Ambiri a iwo lolunjika pa opaleshoni mu mode madzimadzi mikangano, ndiye m'mikhalidwe kumene mayendedwe anasiyanitsidwa ndi woonda masikono mafuta wosanjikiza. Koma pamene wotseka ndipo kuyambira makina amatipeza ukapezeka otchedwa malire mikangano boma, imene filimu mafuta akhoza adzitsitsa ndi kutentha. mbali zachitsulo ntchito mu magulu kubala akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: zinthu ndi kapangidwe zofewa ndi oyika olimba ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi gawo lapansi okhwima ndi oyika zofewa. Ngati ife kulankhula za gulu loyamba, monga zipangizo odana ndi mikangano angagwiritsidwe ntchito babbitt zitsulo zamkuwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zamkuwa. Chifukwa cha dongosolo zofewa, iwo mwamsanga mkuwa ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga makhalidwe a filimu mafuta. Komano, inclusions olimba chifukwa kuchuluka avale chifukwa kukhudzana makina ndi zinthu moyandikana - mwachitsanzo, ndi kutsinde chomwecho.

Pansi kutanthauza babbitt aloyi, imene imagwiritsidwa maziko a kutsogolera kapena malata. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuwongolera makhalidwe a munthu mu dongosolo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kasakaniza wazitsulo alloying. Pakati bwino katundu anganene kukana dzimbiri, kuuma, kulimba ndi mphamvu. Kusintha limodzi kapena khalidwe lina anatsimikiza imene zipangizo alloying ntchito. Antifriction babbits zikhoza kusinthidwa cadmium, faifi tambala, mkuwa, antimony ndi zina zotero. D. Mwachitsanzo, muyezo babbit limapangidwa pafupifupi 80% malata kapena kutsogolera 10% antimony ndi bwino kukhala mkuwa ndi cadmium.

kasakaniza wazitsulo kutsogolera monga njira kuchepetsa mikangano

Kudziŵako za kutsogolera zimakhudza kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi babbitt. Chodya ndiyo ntchito yeniyeni nkhaniyi - mu ntchito osachepera udindo ntchito. Kukuthandiza maziko poyerekeza ndi babbit malata amapereka zochepa mkulu mawotchi kukana ndi otsika chitetezo dzimbiri. Komabe, komanso mu kasakaniza wazitsulo si popanda malata - wokhutira akhoza kufika 18%. Komanso, kapangidwe ndi anadzetsa mbali mkuwa amene kumathandiza njira tsankho - ndi likamaomba zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu misa yotchinga zitsulo.

Losavuta zipangizo kutsogolera ndi katundu antifriction yodziwika ndi brittleness mkulu, kotero iwo ntchito zinthu ndi katundu kuchepetsedwa mphamvu. Makamaka, mayendedwe kwa njanji makina, sitima ndi mbali katundu wa zomangamanga amapanga chandamale kagawo kakang'ono, pamene zomangira ntchito. Antifriction kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi ntchito kashiamu angakhoze kumutcha kasakaniza wazitsulo kusinthidwa patsogolo. Pankhaniyi amalembedwa makhalidwe monga kachulukidwe mkulu ndi otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe. Maziko ngati mtovu, komanso mbali yokulirapo ya wake kashiamu womuyenerera kulolerana sodium, ndi antimony. Koma mfundo ofooka cha chuma, zikuphatikizapo makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kotero mankhwala TV yogwira ntchito ali osavomerezeka.

Ponena za babbitt, tinganene kuti si njira yabwino kwambiri kuchepetsa mikangano, koma lonse makhalidwe ndi zaphindu kwa mfundo ntchito maganizo. Izi chuma katundu antifriction akhoza kuchepetsa ndi maola kutopa kukana, akuchuluka dzuwa la mchitidwe wa. Komabe, nthawi zina, kupanda mphamvu kulipidwa kuti mupezeke kamangidwe ka chitsulo kapena kuponyedwa housings chitsulo.

NKHANI mkuwa zimakhudza kasakaniza wazitsulo

Physico-mankhwala katundu zamkuwa ndi organically pamodzi ndi zofunika chifukwa chodziwika kasakaniza wazitsulo. Yogwira zitsulo, makamaka amapereka okwanira resistivity kuwerenga kuthamanga, n'zotheka ntchito mwa zikhalidwe za katundu mantha, liwilo kasinthasintha wa zimakhudza ndi zina zotero. D. Koma ngati mkuwa chifukwa kusankha ntchito zosiyanasiyana kudzadalira chizindikiro chake. Chimodzimodzi mtundu opaleshoni amaika pansi katundu mantha alandiridwa yang'anirani BrOS30, koma ali osavomerezeka chifukwa Braze. Palinso kusiyana m'kalasimo bronzes zipangizo pa katundu makina. gulu la makhalidwe kudzadalira chikhalidwe cha interfacing ndi mikondo oumitsidwa ndi mwa kugwiritsa ntchito sitadi, limene mwina ndi oipa zina. Kachiwiri, sitingathe kulankhula za dongosolo monolithic wa aloyi lapansi.

Mkuwa ware akhoza mulinso malata, mkuwa, patsogolo. Pankhaniyi, ngati onse zitsulo izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati babbitt m'munsi, odana ndi mikangano zipangizo zochokera mkuwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri. Pankhaniyi chigawo chimodzi mkuwa zambiri amachita monga zowonjezerazo ndi okhutira womwewo wa 2-3% chiŵerengero. Kuphatikiza akadakwanitsira wa inclusions malata-patsogolo. Iwo amapereka manambala akukwana antifriction aloyi chigawo, ngakhale nyimbo zina kutaya zokhudza mphamvu mawotchi. Tikaphatikiza zipangizo zamkuwa ntchito kupanga zimakhudza monolithic kwa Motors, turbines, mayunitsi kompresa ndi mayunitsi ena omwe ntchito pa kuthamanga ndi otsika kutsetsereka liwiro.

zipangizo ufa mikangano

zomangira ntchito nyimbo anafuna kuti HIV ndi braking wagawo inamva magalimoto, magalimoto, zida makina, makina zomangamanga ndi zina zotero. D. chopangidwa nkhani zochokera zigawo ufa opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a linings gawo ndi mapadi chimbale. Pa nthawi yomweyo zipangizo zopangira kwa antifriction mtundu aloyi ufa anapanga wa nomenclature yomweyo ngati momwe zinalili ndi zigawo mikangano - zambiri ntchito chitsulo ndi mkuwa, koma pali ma.

Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo za zotayidwa ndi mkuwa malata, monga graphite atsogolere bwino zimapezeka pansi mikangano pa kutsetsereka mfundo liwiro pafupifupi 50 m / s. Mwa njira, pamene mayendedwe pa liwiro la 5 m / s, ufa zitsulo Nkhani akhoza m'malo ndi zinthu pulasitiki yaiwisi. Izi ndi odana ndi mikangano gulu mfundo ndi dongosolo kusintha ntchito ndi kuchepetsedwa mphamvu. Koma yopindulitsa kwambiri mawu a ntchito mwapanikizika mkulu amaonedwa zipangizo za chitsulo ndi mkuwa. Zina ntchito graphite, okusayidi pakachitsulo kapena barium. zinthu deta ntchito kupezeka pa mavuto 300 MPa ndi liwiro kutsetsereka 60 m / s.

zipangizo ufa antifriction

Ufa zipangizo amapangidwa ndi mankhwala odana ndi kukhululukirana. Iwo yodziwika ndi mkulu avale kukana, otsika koyefishienti wa mikangano ndi luso kudya akuthamanga kutsinde. Komanso, odana ndi mikangano ufa zipangizo ndi chiwerengero cha ubwino poyerekeza ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo kuti kuchepetsa mikangano. Wokwanira kuona kuti ntchito yawo kupirira ndi avareji kuposa mu babbitt chomwecho. Kapangidwe porous popangidwa ndi zitsulo ufa, zimathandiza imayenera impregnation lubricants.

Opanga ndi mwayi kuumba chomaliza mankhwala mu njira zosiyana. Iwo akhoza lathuli kapena mbali masanjidwewo ndi cavities wapakatikati wodzazidwa ndi zina yaiwisi omasuka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m'madera ena a ankafuna kwambiri zipangizo odana ndi mikangano ufa ndi myagkotelnuyu nyama maziko. Maselo limene linaperekedwa zolimba a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana ya kupezeka. khalidwe limeneli n'kofunika kwambiri ku mawonedwe akanatha lamulo la magawo kudziwa mphamvu ya mbali kukhululukirana.

Anti-mikangano polima zakuthupi

Modern zipangizo polymeric limachititsa kupeza watsopano luso ndi ntchito zitsulo za kutsitsa kukhululukirana. Monga m'munsi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kasakaniza wazitsulo gulu, ndi zitsulo ufa. Chimodzi mwa zofunika makhalidwe zimasiyanitsa zinthuzi ndi luso wogawana kugawa zowonjezera mu dongosolo, amene kuyambanso kugwira ntchito monga lubricant olimba. Mndandanda wa zinthu zina kuti graphites, sulphides, mapulasitiki ndi mankhwala ena. The katundu ntchito zipangizo polima ndi antifriction kwakukulukulu converge pa mlingo m'munsi popanda modifiers: izi koyefishienti ka mikangano ndi kukana kwa mapangidwe zotakasika ndiponso luso ntchito mu amadzimadzi sing'anga. Ngati ife kulankhula za makhalidwe wapadera wa ma polima akhoza kugwira ntchito ngakhale popanda zolimba ndi mafuta wapadera.

Ntchito zipangizo kuteteza ndi mikangano

Ambiri mwa zinthu odana ndi mikangano poyamba masamu pa ntchito ya magulu kubala. Ena mwa iwo ndi mfundo lakonzedwa kuti kumapangitsanso avale kukana, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, kolemba. Mu Machine ndi mankhwala otere ntchito mu kupanga mfundo injini pistons Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta, turbines ndi zina zotero. D. Apa zipangizo maziko consumables antifriction akupanga kutsetsereka mayendedwe omwe anadzetsa kapangidwe wa galimotoyo ndi zida n'kupuma.

Zomangamanga, nayenso, si wopanda ntchito odana ndi kukhululukirana. Ntchito m'madera amenewa amalimbikitsidwa nyumba zomangamanga, ndi nyumba ogwiritsa zipangizo zomangamanga. Yomanga njanji ntchito yoika zinthu structural a mbadwa kugudubuzika. Common ndi ntchito zakuthupi antifriction pa maziko polymeric, amene kupeza malo awo, monga kumanga pulleys dongosolo, magiya, abulusa lamba ndi zina zotero. D.

Pomaliza

mikangano kuchepetsa ntchito kokha koyamba zingaoneke sekondale ndipo nthawi zambiri okhulupirika. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ya madzi lubricating kwenikweni kuthetsa ena mwa njira yothandizira zinthu zina, amachepetsa kuvala pa gulu pachimake ntchito. Transitive kugwirizana kwa babbit chakale kusinthidwa mkulu lubricant akhoza kutchulidwa antifriction polymeric zipangizo yodziwika ndi dongosolo lililonse limatisokoneza ndiponso ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana mawu akuntchito. Komabe, ntchito ya mbali zitsulo pa kuthamanga mvetsetsa thupi amafuna kulolerana wa mapadi olimba odana ndi kukhululukirana. Komanso, kalasi zipangizo sakungosiyidwa mizu m'mbuyomu, komanso akufotokozera chifukwa bwino mphamvu makhalidwe, kuuma ndi kukhazikika makina.