Kodi mbewu? kusanthula zambiri

Nkhaniyi limafotokozera chimene shopu, pamene iwo woyamba anaonekera, ndipo zimene zinali zifukwa asayembekezere mu Ages Middle.

kupanga

Anthu nthawi zonse ankayamikira anthu amene anali ndi luso Mwachitsanzo, kapena kusoka zovala kuti zipangizo. Koma pang'onopang'ono, ndi chitukuko cha anthu, mbuye wake kukhala kovuta kuti kupereka katundu kapena zinthu zina obwera onse, chifukwa ku Ulaya anayamba kuoneka shopu. Chotero kodi kugula ndi cholinga chake? Izi ndi zimene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

tanthauzo

Mawu amenewa anachokera Baibulo akale a Chijeremani, poyamba zinatanthauza ngati kuyanjana amene nkhope a m'kalasi lomwelo. Mu chikhulupiriro chamakono cha shopu - ziri ndi mbali ya mbewu kupanga zomwe zimafunika mu ndondomeko yonse ya ulimi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala ena. Mwachidule, nthambi izi wa fakitale kapena mbewu, kumene ndi imodzi mwa magawo a kupanga mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, msonkhano wake, afufuze wopunduka zithunzi ndi zina zotero. Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe shopu.

Iwo zolinga zosiyana, ndipo ngati ife kulankhula zinthu zimene zimachititsa maonekedwe awo, mmodzi wa iwo - zimakhala zosavuta. Savutika ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa mfundo zachuma maganizo, kukonza kupanga zinthu zina, chuma kapena zida malo makamaka pamene pali zonse Nzofunikira ichi. Komanso, ntchito masitolo bungwe mu view kupeza antchito asonyeza, kapena makina.

masitolo onse ogwira ali olemekezeka mbuye wake amene imayang'anira ntchito yopanga kapena yokonzekera.

chitetezo malangizo magwiridwe bwino ndi ntchito automatism kupanga kenako kulola kukwaniritsa zokolola mkulu. Ngati tiyenda pachimene ndi shopu, ndiye ambiri a iwo - msonkhano, kupenta, alimkuponya, pakubwezeretsa. Childs, aliyense wa iwo ndi mosamalitsa mtundu umodzi wa ntchito.

Kuti msonkhano chotero, ife kumvetsa. Monga ife tikudziwa kale, mu Ages Middle, mawu ndi mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito, chifukwa panali kusintha kwa nyumba akutali ndi mafakitale Chotsimikizika ku mafakitare zonse. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule mbiri yawo.

nkhani

Poyamba, kukambirana ntchito pa Ages Middle Sichikupezeka kugulitsa mankhwala yotsirizidwa. Ntchito yawo inali komanso kuteteza luso ambuye osema wamba mpikisano, amene nthawi zonse kulenga wamba amene anali kulowa mu mzinda. Monga zokambirana utsogoleri chinkhoswe chuma, opaleshoni ndipo mapulani zina, mwachitsanzo, nthawi azilamula ena shopu ntchito yafupika milingo kupanga kuti agwere mu mitengo ya katundu chifukwa kuchuluka ake mu msika.

Komanso msonkhano akale anakopeka pafupifupi ambuye, ndi chakuti mwa iwo chidwi antchito anatsatira akulu, ndi eni nthawi zonse anamvera malangizo awo. Bolodi munalidi gulu kuphatikizapo chivundikiro ndi munthu, banja kapena cikhalidwe, kapena mbuye mmisiri, kuwalimbikitsa zonse zomwe.

Monga mukuonera, ambiri a makhalidwe amenewa m'gulu anapulumuka masiku ano Mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano yomweyo m'malo mwa bungwe munalidi gulu la amisiri wotchuka kwambiri ndi ozindikira.

Zifukwa chomera zitsulo zambiri zimachitika bodza kupatukana zosiyanasiyana mafakitale ndi zamanja ambiri ku ulimi. Mwachidule, mzinda wa m'mudzi. Kupezeka ali, kuyambira za X atumwi. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa apeza msonkhano wa yopanga odziwika padziko lonse wakale wa dongo mu chimodzi cha zigawo Chinese. Malinga ndi asayansi, anagwira ntchito nthawi kuchokera 1279 ndi 1368.

Mini-zokambirana

Posachedwapa, msika wokonzeka njira malonda ambiri anapeza maganizo monga Mini-shopu. Iwo akuimilira ndi zida, omwe ndi okwanira kumaliza kupanga ndondomeko zina mankhwala kapena zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kugula mbewu kwa kupanga mankhwala ophika buledi, mkaka, etc. Alipo mu mawonekedwe a zidutswa za zida, komanso njira yodziyimira payokha, kupeza kuti sadzafunika kufunafuna chipinda osiyana. Komabe, si onse mitundu ya ulimi akhoza adzaikidwa mu nyumba yodziyimira payokha zoduliratu, ndipo koposa zonse iwo ali oyenera kupanga yosavuta kapena chakudya.

Pomaliza

Kotero ife timvetsetsa kuti shopu pano ndi zimene akufuna. Pa nthawi yake kutengerapo ku masitolo ndi kupanga fakitale ndithu mukopedwe njira za mafakitale. Pambuyo kupanga mtundu kupanga sanathe kupereka zonse zinthu zofunika mowirikiza kukula zofuna anthu.

Kumene, ntchito iliyonse ayenera kugula m'njira yoyenera, popeza ngakhale kwambiri msonkhano mizere mkulu-ntchito ndi zida idzakhala yopanda phindu popanda izo.