Industrial flotators kwa kuyeretsa madzi zinyalala: mitundu ya chipangizo, mfundo opaleshoni

Lero, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi patebulo mutu pafupifupi msonkhano uliwonse wa maboma a dzikoli. Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti chilengedwe wakhala chipembedzo chatsopano cha m'ma 21. 2017 analengeza Chaka zoteteza chilengedwe ku Russia, choncho maphunziro chilengedwe - mmodzi wa ntchito chaka chino.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuyeretsa madzi?

A mbadwa onse a Ocean World okha 3% - ndi madzi, amene 68% - ndi kuwundana (osati oyenera kumwa), 30% - magwero mobisa (zambiri kuchokera ku dothi zakhudzana) ndi 2 okha% - izo kuuluka madzi. Kuyambira chithunzi lonse la dziko zikuonekeratu kuti kupezeka kwa madzi abwino - si chinthu chofunika, koma nthawi zina mwanaalirenji.

Zinyalala madzi kwaiye pa ntchito zachuma amakampani, muli wambirimbiri Mankhwala oipitsa mu woipa wozingidwa ndi chovomerezeka ndi malamulo. Childs, ndi zitsulo (chitsulo, faifi tambala, mkuwa, kutsogolera Mercury, cadmium, etc.)., Mafuta Maminolo, zizikhala zolimba, zotayidwa, surfactants kupanga (kupanga surfactants, chifukwa layman ndi zonse thobvu). Izi zinthu kulowa amatunga, kusokoneza kugwira ntchito za masiku onse biogeocoenoses m'madzi, poizoni nthaka, imautsa kukula kwa buluu wobiriwira algae, ndi poizoni nyama. Mankhwala oipitsa zimenezi ndi poizoni anthu.

Ya zochita za anthu chuma nyumba zogona nyumba ndi m'nyumba pakhale wambiri zoipitsa. Ambiri, izi surfactants ndi organic zinyansi, koma kugwa kuchimbudzi ndi zitsulo salt.

ndi mapuloteni skimmer mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?

Skimmer - chipangizo kwa kuchotsa zosafunika zabwino njira madzi physico-mankhwala. Ndi kulankhula, limagwirira ndi mmodzi wa processing zigawo zikuluzikulu za luso ndi chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo zina zamakono. Izo zikuchitika pa skimmer seperation waukulu solutes ndi madzi mankhwala kuti zizindikiro muyezo.

Industrial flotators akhoza anafuna zomera lalikulu, ndi galimoto, zimasiyanasiyana kukula ndiponso akuthupi.

Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuonetsetsa ndi skimmer ndi kutsika kwa madzi kusungunuka mmenemo ndi zoipitsa yosintha iwo mu mawonekedwe insoluble. Mu zida ndi mpweya umaperekedwa kumapangitsanso kuyeretsa kwenikweni.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya skimmer kwa chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mfundo ntchito zachokera skimmer kuti kuchapidwa ndi anadutsa sing'anga wa mpweya thovu ndi cholinga thovu mapangidwe. thovu iyi akutchedwa flotoshlam, amene achotsedwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku chipangizo wapadera dewatering. Kuti thovu anagwidwa ndipo anatengedwera kutali ku kuipitsidwa, ndi Kuwonjezera isanafike zinthu zapadera - coagulants ndi flocculants. zinthuzi ndi mkulu adhesiveness, i.e. amathandiza Mankhwala oipitsa kwa agglomerate ndi mzake ndi thovu mpweya, n'kupanga otchedwa flocculi.

Mbale, kudutsa kuchokera nozzle kapena nozzle m'mwamba yopereka zida, wamvetsetsa ndi Mankhwala oipitsa yomata. ndondomeko wotero ikuchitika bola ngati madzi si kukwaniritsa chofunika kuyeretsa kwenikweni.

Kuvuta kwa ndondomekoyi ndi molondola kusintha mlingo wa coagulant ndi flocculant kuti mphamvu guluu wolimba mkulu zokwanira guluu wolimba wa kuwira, koma flakes chifukwa sanali kulemera kwambiri, kuti kuwononga mpweya kuwira.

A dera chikukhudza ndi skimmer mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Technology, kudzitengera skimmer monga processing waukulu wagawo zonse zikuphatikizapo chomera mankhwala ndi zida polenga mpweya thovu. Reagent ndi thanki munda ndi reagents (coagulants, flocculants, soda kusintha pH) ndi riyakitala wosakanizira ndi reagent ndi madzi.

Pamene chipangizo kwa kupoletsa mpweya thovu monga amagwiritsidwa ntchito saturator woimira mpweya kusanganikirana chipinda ndi madzi kulenga osakaniza madzi mpweya. Komanso, osakaniza uyu anali napravlyayuetsya mu skimmer. chipangizo carbonation ali okonzeka ndi mpope zamphamvu kumaliseche mpweya.

Skimmer konse ntchito nokha, nthawi zonse chimakhala m'gulu okwana ayeretsedwa ndi madzi chiwembu. Complete dera zambiri imakhala kuyambirira sedimentation siteji, thupi-mankhwala mankhwala (kapena skimmer Coagulator) ndipo anayamba mawotchi kuyeretsa pa Zosefera lapansi.

Mu mawu ena, skimmer sangathe kupereka kuyeretsedwa ili ndi chabe mfundo wosakwatiwa, napempha preprocessing ndi positi. Kulowa skimmer mchenga kapena zinyalala zina coarse kuyambitsa chipangizo kulephera. Komanso, chipangizo ichi sangathe kupereka disinfection ndi mokwanira kuyeretsa katundu mafuta. Choncho, pambuyo zofunika UV unsembe ndi sorption (kapena makina) Zosefera.

chithunzi chojambula zachokera ndondomeko asamire. Asamire - ichi chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito thovu la mpweya kuti wachotsa zinthu sungunuka ndi emulsified. Madzi. kwa processing chachikulu unit. Palinso vuto la kuthamanga (kapena depressurized) mode poyamba anakonza reagent amaperekedwa mu riyakitala lapansi. Ndiponso flotator mpweya thovu ndi kudyetsedwa kudzera chipangizo carbonation. Mu skimmer ayeretsedwe madzi amapezeka chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito reagents ndi mpweya thovu, kuonekeratu kumachitika makamaka mu mawonekedwe a flocculation flotoshlama. Flotoshlam supernatant atachotsedwa padziko madzi ndi scraper conveyor mu Chip okwaniritsa.

sludge Izi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kolevaniyam makina Koma ndi nyemba ilo mwatcheru kuti si kuswa thovu.

chipangizo skimmer

Skimmer - ndi chidebe lotseguka zitsulo kapena pulasitiki, ndi okonzeka ndi limagwirira scraper kusonkhanitsa flotoshlama ndi kukhala pansi conical. Skimmer akusonyeza pamaso pa madzi mpweya nozzle kuti kupereka osakaniza saturator, ndi bwererani kwa mwadzidzidzi kunali flotoshlama kuti kupereka madzi zinyalala ndi kumaliseche a madzi mwayeretsa. Khazikitsa ndi skimmer, kawirikawiri ili pa malo a ntchito kuti mayiko.

mitundu flotators

Flotators madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala kusiyana malinga ndi mmene madzi ladzala ndi thovu ndi chikhalidwe cha thovu. The njira ambiri monga makina, pressurized ndi electroflotation. Pressurized flotation zikutanthauza carbonation chipinda ndi ikukoka gulu. Komanso, mu njira imeneyi kambirimbiri reagents. Electroflotation sayenera chomera mankhwala ndi saturator, monga zachokera yanyumba ya maelekitirodi m'madzi.

mawotchi flotation

Mawotchi (kapena impeller) chosakanizira kumapereka lingaliro kuti pa liwilo ngozi mu thovu madzi. Mtundu wa chithandizo madzi madzi sachedwa thobvu ndi mpweya zimalimbikitsa. Mu njira makina, ndi reactants sangathe ntchito, popeza kugwedezekagwedezeka analengedwa ndi stirrer ndi, chabe kugawa flakes Mankhwala oipitsa. Pa nthawi, makina flotation si wamba, kuyambira kawirikawiri amapereka okwanira kuyeretsa kwenikweni.

Childs, gawo ili monga flotators chiyeretso cha kuyeretsa madzi zinyalala kwa mafuta.

kuthamanga flotation

Pankhaniyi flotators chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito chipangizo okonzeka carbonation reagent ndi chuma. Saturator ndi chipinda imene mpweya jekeseni opanikizika pamwamba mumlengalenga. Sing'anga anazipangiratu saturator, otchedwa osakaniza mpweya madzi. Iyi ndi njira yofala flotation ndi zambiri ntchito. The ndondomeko kuyeretsedwa kumachitika mwa pretreatment reagent (coagulant kapena flocculant) ndipo anayamba kuthamanga osakaniza madzi mankhwala. Aliyense kuwira mpweya amamangiriridwa kuipitsa wokha, popeza ali lalikulu kukopa mphamvu chifukwa gawo malire (mpweya madzi). kukonzekera kuyambirira wa madzi bwino kuyeretsa reagent, chifukwa amalenga floccules (micelles), amenenso ali ndi mphamvu zina za anyamata. Zambiri za madzi chikachita kuchotsedwa woyeretsedwa madzi chitoliro mopitilira konza kapena bwererani. Pamwamba pa chipangizo wapadera scraper amachotsa flotoshlam - kuipitsa lotengeka ndi mpweya thovu m'mwamba mu mawonekedwe kulimbikira.

The mwayi waukulu kuthamanga flotation ndi osiyanasiyana ofunsira. The kuipa pamaso pa zipangizo zina monga (kasamalidwe reagent, carbonator mapampu), amene kutenga malo ndi ayenera makina (mwachitsanzo, kusankha reactants kumwa mankhwala). Khama reagent kuchuluka chimachititsa kwambiri ngati mlingo wochepa zidzayambitsa osakwanira kuyeretsedwa (osati onse ang'onoang'ono kusungunuka particles aggregated), ndi mlingo waukulu zingachititse chakuti thovu adzakhala sangaime kulemera kwa flakes ndi kunyoza, komanso chifukwa mu kuchepetsa zotsatira kuyeretsa.

Elektroflotator

Mtundu flotators chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito losiyana ndi kufupika ndi chomasuka ntchito. njira tichipeza mu madzi electrolysis kuti mwayeretsa ndi mpweya kulekanitsidwa maelekitirodi lapansi. Pa ndondomeko electrolysis amapezeka skimmer: loderako wa hydrogen pa cathode, ndi anode - oxygen. Pamene ntchito maelekitirodi sungunuka (mwachitsanzo zotayidwa kapena chitsulo) zina madzi ladzala ndi ayoni zitsulo ndi boma mkulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuti atenge mbali ya reactants kuti kulenga kuipitsa flakes. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupeza ndi kudzala zoipitsa zambiri madzi. Popeza skimmer danga si lalikulu, ngati zinthu zili choncho pali zabwino kum'mamatira flakes ndi mpweya pozyrkov kuti amatipatsa kuyeretsa apamwamba zotsatira.

The mwayi waukulu chipangizo chotero ndi kupanda mankhwala zomera ndi zipangizo zina bulky ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chiyeretso madzi. The kuipa ndi mowa mkulu mphamvu ndi kufunika kwa zida za kuchotsa haidrojeni.

nozzle flotation

Pankhaniyi, ntchito nozzles wapadera kuti atchule mpweya mu madzi processing kuti umaperekedwa kwa makina flotation, pali analigawa mu osakaniza biphasic. The ntchito njira imeneyi si avale mbali unsembe choncho moyo utumiki yaitali.

chomera mankhwala

Mu njira ziti, zotsatirazi flotation reagents ntchito pokonzanso kuyeretsedwa kuti:

• wothandizila kwa kusintha pH - ali ndi asidi ndipo soda akuwonjezeka m'madzi kuonetsetsa kantchito yachibadwa coagulant ndi flocculant;
• coagulants - reagents zimene zimalimbikitsa flocculation ndipo chitsulo ndi zotayidwa salt;
• flocculants - reagents imene chakudya zazikulu ndi wolimba flakes (floccules) ndipo zikuimira polyacrylamide pawiri.

The sangathe waukulu pamaso pa reagent njira madzi mankhwala ndi kufunika kwake pamaso pa ogwira, komanso malo amene ayenera kuonetsetsa chotengera ndi mathanki. M'pofunikanso kusankha mlingo molondola reagents, zomwe n'zotheka empirically yekha.