Orinoco lowland America South: makhalidwe, zithunzi

Mukaona gawo kumpoto kwa Africa la America South pa mapu, ndipo mukhoza kuona zodabwitsa dziko Orinoco otsika. Malire a chinthu ichi malo amene kumpoto Andes ndi Guiana okwera. Ili kunja kwa mzinda wa otsika m'dzikoli, kotero Atlantic Ocean. Iwo mphamvu kwambiri pa mbali nyengo ya m'derali. Pamodzi chigawo kum'mawa kwa chomwecho utuluke dzina mtsinje. Kum'mwera, malowa ndi m'mphepete mwa Amazon otsika. Anafotokoza m'dera anasonyeza gulu lonse ndi mtunda ambiri mosabisa.

Tikumbukenso kuti Orinoco otsika pa mapu ndi kudya kwambiri, chifukwa morphologically bwino limasonyeza kwa pafupifupi onse mbali kupatula dera kum'mwera.

mpumulo

Chidwi zokwanira kuphunzira zimachititsa chilumbachi kwa Africa monga America South. Orinoco lowland losiyana bwino milingo yosiyanasiyana ya amene anayambika kudzera padziko mtolo wa, poyamba analipo isanafike kukokoloka. Pafupi ndi mtsinje Orinoco ndi otsika dera mlingo wa msinkhu wake si upambana chilemba cha 100 m. Mbali otsika, amene amanyalanyaza ya Atlantic ukufanizidwa dune malo. m'dera lonse ali ndi mchenga, amene nthawi zonse kufooketsedwa ndi mphepo.

Zolemba malire okwera malo otsika, pafupi ndi mapiri, lotchedwa piemonte (Piedmont), amene anawamasulira amatanthauza "m'tsinde mwa phiri." M'madera ena, iwo anawoloka Sierras. Iwo akuyimira wina crystalline miyala ya ranges phiri.

Komanso, mu otsika anamwazikana Mesa, amene adzauka ndi kutalika kwa 200-300 m. The makhwawa a chigawo m'deralo. Orinoco kugawana malo pamwamba ndi zigwa zawo. Malire a kum'mwera a m'deralo monga umadutsa m'chigwa cha tributary kumanzere kwa Guaviare.

nyengo

otsika Orinoco ali lamba subequatorial. Pakuti dera lino, yodziwika ndi seasonality ena a mpweya. Ndi iwo amene kudziwa mabacteria nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, madera kumpoto sachedwa chilala, nyengo mvula ndi m'chilimwe ndi kumatenga miyezi itatu yokha. chifukwa ndi losavuta: kumpoto-easterly malonda mphepo kudutsa m'dera lino kale kwambiri kuposa kumwera. The dera lomaliza amatenga ndalama yaikulu ya mpweya - mvula unatha pafupi zisanu ndi zinayi miyezi (April - October). Pofuna kuzindikira kusiyana kwake, n'zotheka kuyang'ana kanjedza ndi boma. Mvula pachaka n'chosiyana kwambiri m'madera awiri awa: kumpoto - 800 mm kum'mwera - 1000 mm. Makamaka iwo agwere mu mawonekedwe a mvula.

Pa chilala mpweya kutentha akutsikira m'munsimu +20 ° C, chiwerengerochi imatengedwa kuti +25 ° C. Mpweya ndi zambiri kwina kwathunthu. Am'deralo tione nyengo m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale astronomically ili yotentha. Mwezi kutentha kwambiri, ndi pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a mvula. Mu October ndi April mpweya kutentha akhoza kufika + 29 ° C.

mchere

Orinoco lowland wolemera minda mafuta. Iwo ali a mtengo wapatali kwa boma. Pafupi ndi Guiana okwera anapeza miyala ya zitsulo. Malowa bwino katswiri ndi migodi wochititsidwa mosalekeza.

mavuto m'maderawa

Chifukwa peculiarities wa m'deralo, limene lili Orinoco otsika, zimachitika osefukira m'dziko. Izi zimachitika nthawi ya mvula. Chifukwa cha mvula lolemera madzi m'mitsinje m'dera kwambiri anamuukitsa, kupanga moti kilometre gawo. Komabe, mu ichi pali kuphatikiza yaing'ono. Panthawi imeneyi mtsinje ndi kuchulukitsa kuti kwambiri bwino zinthu kutumiza. Koma dera kusunthira pa mitsinje - njira yokha zoyendera. Pamene nyengo ya chilimwe m'madera amenewa kukhalabe madzi nthaka. Ndipo nthawizina chinyezi ukuphwera ku amatunga kuti mitsinje ndi osaya. Iwo akukamba azunzike kwambiri. Vuto lalikulu la dera ndi otentha malungo. Only kwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera matenda padziko lonse amapha za 2 miliyoni anthu.

Flora

Orinoco otsika (mu America South mapu akhoza kuona malire ake) wolemera mitundu yambiri ya zomera. M'dera lino mukhoza kupeza mitundu yambiri ya kanjedza. Iwo kwambiri madambo aakulu dothi. Ngati tikambirana gawo kum'mwera, malowa ali ndi m'minda mtengo wandiweyani - ndi kukweza ndi nkhalango ya kanjedza.

Am'deralo kukula thonje, chimanga ndi chinangwa. Komabe, m'dziko oyenera ulimi pang'ono kwambiri. Iwo kusonkhanitsa nthochi, koma voliyumu ya zokolola zochepa.

zomera

Orinoco lowland mwatsoka n'zosam'kondweretsa m'mayiko oyenera msipu nyama. N'chifukwa chake ng'ombe pafupifupi sunayambe.

Pa madambo anthu nguluwe, nguluwe. Ku derali nyamazi ndi pumas. Palinso kwambiri oimira zosiyanasiyana makoswe. Mu savannah m'dera anthu mitundu ya tizilombo ndi owopsa kwa moyo wa munthu. Iwo udzudzu, chiswe. Pa malo ndi malo lotseguka pali armadillos ndi Nyama Zodya Chiswe.