Kupanga chifuwa anthu. Mawonekedwe a chifuwa ana

Thorax - ndi mumtima zachilengedwe chipolopolo, oyesa kuteteza ziwalo zofunika zisaonongeke, kusupuka kapena kuvulala. Mu thoracic M'mimbamo chobisika mtima, mapapo, mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga ndi mitsempha, thymus, bronchi, kum'mero, chiwindi. Kuti izo amagwira minofu kupuma ndi minofu ya m'makona chapamwamba.

Kapangidwe ka chifuwa anthu

The nthiti aumbike mwa:

• awiriawiri 12 arcuate m'mbali chikugwirizana ndi kumbuyo thoracic msana ndi kutsogolo chikugwirizana ndi sternum kudzera cartilages costal.
• Breastbone - unpaired fupa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe elongated. Iwo amakhala ndi lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi padziko kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo concavity. Pamafunikanso zigawo zitatu: chogwirira, thupi, ndi xiphoid.
• Minofu.

The thorax ndi kusintha, ie, izo zambiri ndipo zimenezi mu ndondomeko ya kupuma.

mitundu pachifuwa

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a thorax ndi variable ndi zingasiyane malingana ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha minofu ndi mapapo. digiri A chitukuko cha iwowa kumagwirizana ndi zochita za anthu, zochita zake ndi ntchito. Mawonekedwe a chifuwa yachibadwa ali mitundu itatu:

• mosabisa;
• cylindrical;
• conical.

Lathyathyathya mawonekedwe a chifuwa

Nthawi zambiri anthu ndi minofu ofooka ndi kutsogolera moyo chabe. Ndi yaitali ndi flattened mu awiri anteroposterior, khoma kutsogolo ndi pafupifupi umodzi, clavicle bwino wolemekezeka, lonse mipata intercostal.

The conical mawonekedwe a chifuwa

Izi lonse ndi waufupi mawonekedwe a chifuwa yodziwika ndi anthu ndi bwino anayamba gulu la nyama lamba phewa. mbali m'munsi onse kuposa pamwamba. The otsetsereka a ku nthiti ndi malo intercostal ang'ono.

The cylindrical mawonekedwe a chifuwa

Izi mawonekedwe a chifuwa zambiri amapezeka anthu yochepa. Iye anamaliza yemweyo pamodzi kutalika lonse. Kakonzedwe yopingasa mwa nthiti anafotokoza malo chachilengulengu intercostal. Brisket obtuse njingayo. Anthu nawo masewera mwaukadaulo, ndi mawonekedwe a chifuwa.

Age ndi thupi makhalidwe

Kupanga chifuwa anthu kwambiri kusintha ndi zaka. Ana akhanda yodziwika ndi yopapatiza ndipo truncated mawonekedwe a piramidi truncated. Iye ali pang'ono wothinikizidwa laterally. The yopingasa gawo la zochepa anteroposterior. Kukula kwa mwana, maphunziro ake ndi kudzuka kukwawa, kupanga dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa ndi kukula kwa zimayambitsa zoweta kukula mofulumira pachifuwa. Mawonekedwe a chifuwa ana m'chaka chachitatu umakhala phirilo zooneka. Pa zaka 6-7 kukula zaka pang'ono mochedwa, kuwonjezera ngodya ya ndingaliro ya nthiti kumeneko. sukulu ana a zaka ndi otukukira kunja mawonekedwe pachifuwa kuposa achikulire, ndingaliro ya nthiti komanso m'munsi. Kugwirizana ndi iyi ophunzira pafupipafupi ndi osaya kupuma wamng'ono. Anyamata chifuwa amayamba kukula kwambiri mu atsikana 12 - zaka 11. Mu nthawi ya zaka 18 ndinali pafupifupi kwambiri chifuwa dipatimenti.

Mawonekedwe a chifuwa ana zimadalira zolimbitsa thupi ndi malo thupi pamene tidakocheza ku. zolimbitsa thupi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kudzakuthandizani kuonjezera voliyumu ndi chifuwa widths. mawonekedwe Expiratory zotsatira zake zidzakhala minofu ofooka ndi osauka chitukuko m'mapapo. kubzala zosayenera, kumanga m'mphepete mwa gome, kungachititse kuti kusintha mu mawonekedwe a chifuwa, amene anali kungasokoneze chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, mapapo ndi ziwiya lalikulu magazi.

kuchepetsa kukula, kutsitsa ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a chifuwa okalamba amagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa elasticity wa nthiti chichereŵechereŵe, matenda kawirikawiri kupuma thirakiti kifoznym kupindika.

thorax anthu ndi pa nthiti wamkazi ali unakhota yapadera kwambiri m'dera ngodya. Akazi ndi yapadera kwambiri kupotoza mwauzimu nthiti. Chifukwa ichi, ndipo ndi mawonekedwe zambiri lathyathyathya ndi predominance kupuma thoracic. Mu amuna, mtundu m'mimba kupuma, amene anatsagana ndi kusamuka kwa chifundamtima.

Thorax ndi gulu lake

Mbali mwakhama mu ndondomeko ya inhalation ndi mpweya imagwiridwa minofu kupuma.
Munthu wina akapuma kunatheka chifukwa kuchepetsa kabowo ndi kunja intercostal kuti azitha kunyamula nthiti, pang'ono kudzipatula azisiyana, kuwonjezera buku la thorax lapansi. Mpweya mpweya limodzi ndi zosangalatsa za minofu kupuma, kutsitsa nthiti kulimbikitsa wa zakulera mzikiti. Kuwala mu ndondomeko amagwira ntchito chabe, izi makoma avundulidwe.

mitundu ya kupuma

Malinga ndi msinkhu ndi kukhwima a chifuwa ndi kulekanitsidwa:

• Diaphragmatic kupuma. Choncho ndi kupuma makanda amene alibe wabwino kupinda nthiti, ndipo iwo ali mu udindo yopingasa, minofu intercostal ofooka.
• Phrenic kupuma ndi predominance wa phrenic mu ana mu theka lachiwiri la chaka choyamba cha moyo, pamene minofu intercostal kuyamba kukula ndi mphamvu, miyala selo iyamba kugwera pansi.
• Thoracic mtundu wa kupuma ayamba amachuluka mu ana kwa zaka 3 mpaka 7 zakubadwa, pamene mwachangu kukhala phewa lamba.
• Patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya kupuma. M'mimba idzakhalapo anyamata, chifuwa - atsikana.

Pathological mawonekedwe a chifuwa

Kudwala zambiri anaona ndi odwala. Iwo akhoza kukhala kobadwa nako (kugwirizana ndi chitukuko mkhutu fupa pa mimba) ndipo anapeza (chifukwa cha kuvulala ndi matenda a m'mapapo, mafupa, msana). Mapindikidwe ndi kupotoza, kawirikawiri limasonyeza kudzifufuza yosavuta pachifuwa. Mawonekedwe ndiponso kusintha, asymmetry, mkhutu kupuma mungoli kulola dotolo wodziwa kulengeza matenda waukuluwo. Mawonekedwe a chifuwa amakhala osasamba mchikakamizo cha njira pathological mu ziwalo thoracic M'mimbamo ndi kupindika msana. Pathological mawonekedwe a chifuwa zingakhale:

• Mbiya woboola pakati. zopatuka izi wapezeka anthu amene m'mapapo minofu ali kochulukira lightness, i.e., wosweka elasticity ake ndi mphamvu. Izi limodzi ndi zili bwino mpweya alveoli lapansi. Mbiya woboola pakati pachifuwa chikuwonjezeka yopingasa makamaka awiri anteroposterior, ndi nthiti yopingasa ndi malo lonse intercostal.
• Manjenje. pachifuwa Ichi ndi zomveka ndi yopapatiza. Akadzauzidwa collarbones ndipo anakonza asymmetrically. Masamba bwino zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo nthiti, malo a misinkhu yawo yosiyanasiyana ndi ndondomeko ya kupuma amasuntha asynchronously. Location m'mbali - slanting downwards. Manjenje mawonekedwe a chifuwa opezeka anthu emaciated, anthu kukula ofooka malamulo, ndi matenda aakulu aakulu, monga chifuwa chachikulu.
• Rachitic. mawonekedwe amenewa amatchedwanso keeled kapena nkhuku. Iwo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu zapambuyo-zapambuyo kukula kuti ndi zotsatira za kuvutika rickets ndi mwana. Kileobraznaya mawonekedwe ukapezeka chifukwa cha kuvutika kwa maselo a chitukuko cha dongosolo chigoba. mafupa oumbidwa akhoza kukhala kapena ayi. Kuopsa kwa matenda bwanji zizindikiro za sekondale zimene zimachitika chifukwa psinjika a mtima ndi mapapo.

• Nyuzi. Mtundu uwu wa pathologies yafotokozedwera noticeable kukakamira ya mabacteria munthu nthiti, chichereŵechereŵe, sternum. Chigwa kuya kungakhale kwa masentimita 8. The kutchulidwa nyuzi mapindikidwe limodzi ndi kusamuka kwa mtima, kupindika msana, mavuto mu mapapo, kusintha kwa wolumikizira ndi kuthamanga venous. Makanda, kudwala pang'ono noticeable kokha pamene pali kukakamira pang'ono mpweya pachifuwa. Zimakhala kutchulidwa kwambiri pamene iwo akukula.
• Scaphoid. Khalidwe kwa matenda ndi kukhalapo kwa zamkati elongate m'mbali pakati ndi chapamwamba sternum lapansi. Mpatuko ana akuvutika ndi matenda ya ubongo, zomwe zina ndi galimoto ntchito ndi tilinazo. mapindikidwe aakulu limodzi ndi kufupika kwa mpweya, kutopa thupi tsankho, kawirikawiri palpitations.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Akufotokozera pa maziko a matenda a msana, ndicho thoracic, kapena chifukwa cha kuvulala zoopsa.

Evolution wateteza cha ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'chifuwa thupi la umunthu. Mu M'mimbamo thoracic ziwalo zili chimene, akapanda ichi sitingathe kupulumuka kwa mphindi zochepa. Mwakhama fupa chimango amateteza, koma limanenanso iwo mu malo mpaka kalekale, kuonetsetsa ntchito khola ndi chikhalidwe chathu zogwira mtima.