Kuphedwa mu Srebrenica mu 1995: Zoyambitsa

Kuphedwa pa Srebrenica mu July 1995, ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa kwambiri wotchuka a nkhondo ku Bosnia. Malinga ndi chigamulo UN mumzinda analengeza woyendera nthambi chitetezo, pamene anthu wamba bwinobwino bwinobwino mwazi. Kwa zaka ziwiri mu Srebrenica anasamukira zikwi Bosniaks. Pamene iye anagwidwa ndi Serbia, asilikali amene ankachitika anthu ambirimbiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, afa 7 8 zikwi Bosniaks - makamaka anyamata, abambo ndi okalamba. Kenako ndi kuweruza maiko ambiri akhala anazindikira zochitika yoona.

prerequisites

Kupulula a anthu wamba sanali mukusoŵa nkhondo ku Bosnia. Kuphedwa anakhala zomveka kupitiriza mankhwala wodyerana adani kwa wina ndi mzake. Mu 1993, mzinda anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali Bosnia molamulidwa ndi Naser Oric. Choncho kuuka Srebrenica enclave - kachidutswa kakang'ono wa dziko, olamulidwa ndi Asilamu, koma kwathunthu atazungulira dera la Republic of Srpska.

Choncho, Bosnians anayamba kuukira Chilango pa midzi yoyandikana nayo. ambiri Serbia anaphedwa pa kuukira. Zonsezi anawonjezera mafuta ndi moto. Awiri chikumenyana makamu anadana wina ndi mzake ndipo anali ofunitsitsa zosonyeza mkwiyo wawo pa anthu wamba osalakwa. Mu 1992 - 1993 zaka. Bosnia midzi Serb anali kuwotchedwa. Total kuwonongedwa kwa ena 50 midzi.

Mu March 1993, pa Srebrenica anafotokoza United Nations. Organization ananena mzinda malo achitetezo. Kuti peacekeepers Dutch kuyamba. Chifukwa iwo akhala allocated Nawonso achichepere osiyana, amene wakhala malo otetezeka makilomita ambiri padziko. Ngakhale izi, enclave anali wazingidwa. "Zipewa Blue" sanathe zimakhudza zinthu m'chigawochi. Zochitika mu Srebrenica mu 1995 zinachitika pamene asilikali Bosnia m'manja mzinda ndi oyandikana nawo, kusiya wamba yekha ndi magulu Chisebiya.

The adani a Srebrenica Serbia

Mu July 1995, a Republika Srpska Army anapezerapo opareshoni kulamulira Srebrenica. kuukira The zinachitikadi mphamvu Drinskogo thupi. The Dutch pafupifupi sanayese kuletsa Serbia. Zonse zimene achita - zipolopolo pa atsogoleri a nkhondo, kuti kuwaopseza. kumuukira nawo asilikali pafupifupi 10 chikwi. Iwo anapitiriza kusuntha Srebrenica, nchifukwa chake ndi peacekeepers anaganiza zoti asachoke ku likulu lawo. Mosiyana ndi asilikali a United Nations, NATO ndege anayesa moto pa akasinja Serb. Kenako, mng'alu patsogolo anaopseza pa peacekeepers laling'ono kwambiri. The North Atlantic Alliance adaganiza kuti kusokoneza Kupha enclave Bosnia.

July 11 m'mudzi wa Potočari othawa 20 zikwi anasonkhana pa makoma a gulu lankhondo za thupi peacekeepers UN. Kuphedwa mu Srebrenica sanali bwanji Bosniaks angapo amene anatha kubooleza kwa Nawonso achichepere kutetezedwa. mipata yokwanira si onse. anthu zochepa chabe athawira. Mpumulo pokonzekera Serbia anali kubisala minda yapafupi ndi mafakitale adzasiyidwa.

Bosnia boma aona kuti kubwera kwa enclave mdani adzatha. Choncho, kasamalidwe anaganiza zoti asachoke wamba Srebrenica mu Tuzla. ntchito anatumizidwa ku Division 28. Zinali 5000 nkhondo, 15 zikwi othawa kwawo, ndi achipatala, utsogoleli wa mzinda ndi zina zotero. D. July 12, ndime imeneyi anali ambushed. Pakati Serbia ndi Bosniaks anayamba nkhondo asilikali. Wamba anathawa. Kenako iwo anali okha kufika Tuzla. Anthu awa anali unarmed. Ansembe anayesetsa kuti misewu anyalanyaza, kuti si kugonja pa checkpoints Chisebiya. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, isanayambe kuphedwa mu Srebrenica kuti Tuzla anakwanitsa kuthawa anthu pafupifupi 5 zikwi.

kupulula

Pamene gulu lankhondo la Republika Srpska, anakula mphamvu enclave, amuna ankhondo anayamba kupereka misa Bosniaks amene anali anakwanitsa kuthawa ku madera otetezeka. Kuphedwa unatenga masiku angapo. Serb anagawa amuna Bosnia m'magulu, aliyense amene anatumizidwa ku chipinda osiyana.

Woyamba misa Kuphedwa zinachitika July 13. Bosniaks anatengedwa ku Cerska chigwa cha mtsinje, kumene anaphera zikuluzikulu kunachitika. Komanso kuwomberana ndi mfuti zinachitika mu nkhokwe zazikulu a m'dera mukupanga ulimi. Asilamu amene anali kuyembekezera imfa ili pafupi, anali mu ukapolo popanda chakudya. Iwo anapatsidwa yekha madzi pang'ono kukhalabe ndi moyo kufikira nthawi za kuphedwa. July kutentha ndi zipinda yodzaza nyumba lotsalalo akhala ndi sing'anga kwambiri zinthu auve.

Choyamba matupi ophedwa anaponyedwa ngalande. Ndiye alonda anayamba kuonetsetsa njira yapadera kuchotsa mitembo mu malo mwapadera okonzeka kumene yaikulu misa manda anaufukula. Usilikali anafuna kubisa milandu awo. Koma sanathe kubisa chotero lalikulu lonse nkhanza zokwanira kuti achoke. Kenako Ofufuza limodzi kwambiri umboni wa chiwawa. Komanso, zowombetsa mkota mboni zambiri.

anapitiriza chiwawa

Kupha ankagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo osati kokha, komanso mabomba amene anaponya m'chipindacho wodzala Bosniaks analandidwa. Kenako, atafufuza anapeza malo awa yotsalira magazi, tsitsi ndi mabomba. Analysis umboni wolemera n'zotheka kukhazikitsa ena mwa anthu, mtundu wa zida ntchito, ndi zina zotero. D.

Anthu anakhudzidwa m'minda m'misewu. Ngati Serbia anasiya mabasi ndi othawa kwawo, iwo anatenga amuna onse. Women zambiri zikundiyendera. oimira UN ayamba zokambirana ndi Serbia ndipo anamukakamiza kuti asayitulutsire kunja kwake kwa enclave lapansi. Srebrenica wasiya akazi 25 chikwi.

Kuphedwa mu Srebrenica anali kwambiri zikuluzikulu kupha anthu wamba ku Ulaya kuyambira nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kuphetsa akhala ambiri moti manda awo anapezeka patapita zaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2007, izo mwangozi anapeza manda misa Bosniacs, amene anapuma matupi zoposa 600.

Management udindo wa Republika Srpska

Kodi n'zotheka zochitika mu Srebrenica mu 1995? Kwa masiku angapo mu mzinda panalibe maiko a kunja ananena. Iwo sakanakhoza osachepera motsanzira zokhudza zimene zinachitikira dziko lonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mphekesera za kuphana anayamba zosefera kokha masiku angapo pambuyo nkhaniyi. Palibe analibe zokhudza zimene anali lonse kuphedwa mu Srebrenica. The zifukwa lagona zothandizira mipingo yawo mwachindunji zigawenga ndi akuluakulu a Republika Srpska.

Pamene nkhondo Yugoslavia ziri kumbuyo kwathu, mayiko akhala anapereka chikhalidwe Belgrade extradite Radovan Karadzic la International Khoti. Iye anali pulezidenti wa Republika Srpska ndi mkulu wa alonda, chifukwa cha umene unayamba kokapha ku Srebrenica. Photos wa munthu uyu nthawi zonse afika pa masamba a manyuzipepala Western. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo amati mphoto yaikulu ya madola mamiliyoni asanu.

Karadzic anagwira zaka zambiri patatha. About zaka 10 iye anakhala ku Belgrade, anasintha dzina lake ndi maonekedwe. Amene kale anali wandale ndi msilikali anajambula m'kanyumba kakang'ono pa Yuri Gagarin Street ndi ntchito monga dokotala. mabungwe Intelligence anatha kukwaniritsa amathawathawa yekha chifukwa cha foni kuchokera mnansi ukapolo. Belgradets analangiza kuyang'ana unacknowledged chifukwa chofanana wake Muzisamala kuti Karadzic. Mu 2016 iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka 40 m'ndende pa milandu ya bungwe mantha misa ndi anthu wamba Bosniak anthu ndi zolakwa zina nkhondo.

kukana milandu

Mu masiku oyambirira tsoka zinachitika pa Bosnia Serb ambiri anakana kuti Kuphedwa zikuluzikulu. Iwo anatumiza ntchito imene anali kufufuza zochitika Srebrenica mu July 1995. Mu lipoti ake, akulankhula za mazana akaidi akufa.

Boma Karadzic anali musapitirire ndi Baibulo kuti asilikali Bosnia anayesa kubooleza lazungulira ndi kuthawira Tuzla. Matupi a anthu amene anaphedwa mu nkhondo izi otsutsa Serb anasonyeza monga umboni wa "kupululutsa". Kuphedwa mu Srebrenica mu 1995 losadziwika ndi Republic of Srpska. kufufuza cholinga pansi anayamba pokhapokha mapeto a nkhondo ku Bosnia. Nthawi iyi enclave anapitiriza kuti lizilamuliridwa ndi Odzipatula.

Ngakhale lero kuphedwa pa Srebrenica mu July 1995 anadzudzula boma Chisebiya, pulezidenti atsopano a dziko lino akukana kuzindikira chiwembuchi chinachitika. Malinga Tomislav Nikolic, boma ayenera kupeza perpetrators ndi kuwalanga. Komabe, iye amakhulupirira kuti kalembedwe "kupululutsa" lidali. Mu Belgrade mwachangu kugwirizana ndi la International Khoti. Extradition Court ku The Hague ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti likhale la Serbia ku European Union. Vuto la kaphatikizidwe wa dziko lino ambiri "banja" la World Old amakhalabe sanathetsedwe kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi. Pankhaniyi, oyandikana Croatia m'gulu la EU m'chaka cha 2013, ngakhale kuti anakhudzidwa nkhondo Balkan ndi obscurantism kuphana.

zotsatira za ndale

Lowopsya kuphedwa mu Srebrenica mu 1995 zotsatirapo mwachindunji ndale. Mumpanda Serb m'madera m'manja mwa peacekeepers UN, zinachititsa chiyambi cha bomba NATO mu Republika Srpska. The phukusi la North Atlantic Alliance kuti imathandizira kumalizidwa kwa nkhondo. Mu 1996, Bosniaks, Serbia ndi Croatia anasaina Dayton Chogwirizana kuti anathetsa wamagazi Bosnia nkhondo.

Ngakhale kuphedwa mu Srebrenica mu 1995, munali kale nthawi yaitali, Echo zochitika adakali anapatsidwa ndale padziko lonse. Mu 2015 msonkhano wa Council UN Security, kumene chikalata kusodza pa tsoka mu enclave Bosnia ankaona. UK akufuna kuzindikira kuphedwa kwa Asilamu kupululutsa. Zimenezi anali mothandizidwa ndi US ndi France. China kusala. Russia anatsutsa kusamvana ndi veto izo. akuluakulu Kremlin pa UN anafotokoza kusankha zimenezi mwa kunena kuti ziyenera kwambiri lakuthwa ya zochitika mu Bosnia zingachititse kuti wozungulira wina nkhondo yapakati-mitundu mu Balkans lero. Komabe, mawu "kupululutsa" ndi ntchito zina (mwachitsanzo, Hague Khoti).

Srebrenica pambuyo pa nkhondo

Mu 2003, Pulezidenti US mu 1993 - 2001. Bill Clinton anabwera yekha Srebrenica kutsegula chikumbutso kwa akuvutika chifukwa cha milandu nkhondo. Zinali iye amene munasankha pa nkhondo mu Balkans. Chaka chilichonse chikumbutso kukaona ambirimbiri Bosniaks - achibale a anthu amene anaphedwa ndi kuvulaza ndi m'dziko yosavuta. Ngakhale anthu okhala amene siwokhuzidwa ndi kuphedwa, anali bwino ndi kumvetsa zinthu zoopsa za kunkhondo. Wamagazi nkhondo anang'amba dera lonse la Bosnia, popanda yekha. Kuphedwa mu Srebrenica mu July 1995 chinali chabe kukwaniritsidwa ya nkhondoyo yosiyanasiyana.

mzinda nalo dzina lake pa madipoziti m'dera mchere. About Silver amadziwika ndi Aroma akale. Bosnia yakhala dziko losauka ndipo ngodya kuzimiririka (pa banja lolamulira la Habsburg mu Ottoman ndi T. D.). Srebrenica kuti kwa zaka mazana ambiri Anakhalabe a kwambiri ndinazolowera ndi moyo m'tawuni. Pambuyo Civil nkhondo, dziko lino anasiya pafupifupi onse okhala (onse Bosnians ndi Serbia).

Mlandu wa oipa

The International Khoti wapeza kuti munthu amavomereza kupulula anali General Ratko Mladic. Kale mu July 1995, iye anali ndi udindo yoona analakwira anthu. Chikumbumtima chake sichinali kokha zochitika mu Srebrenica mu 1995, komanso anatseka misewu likulu Bosnia, kulowetsa Anagwiranso, amene ankagwira ntchito pa UN, ndi zina zotero. D.

Choyamba, ambiri anakhala mwakachetechete Serbia, omwe sanapereke mkulu bwalo lonse. Pamene boma Milosevic unagonjetsedwa, Mladic anathawa ndi moyo akubisala. Akuluakulu latsopano anamangidwa m'chaka cha 2011 chokha. Yesero la General amapita patali. Zimenezi anapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti umboni wa Serbia ena mlandu nawo za atapha anthu. Ndi kupyolera Mladic akapitao onse malipoti, zomwe lipoti pa kuphedwa kwa Bosnians ndi manda awo.

Zoyerekeza General anasankha malo manda misa munakumbidwamo yaikulu. Ofufuza anapeza manda dazeni angapo. Onse mosintha anaika pafupi ndi Srebrenica. Trupovozki tinakaona enclave kale, osati m'chilimwe koma m'dzinja 1995.

chivomerezo

Kuwonjezera Mladic pa milandu ku Srebrenica mlandu ndi anthu ambiri a asilikali a Republika Srpska. The mchaka cha 1996, nthawi ule m'perezo anali aganyu Drazen Erdemovic. Iye anapereka zambiri umboni umene alimbane atafufuza. Pasanapite nthawi ndi kumangidwa wa asilikari udindo wapamwamba Serb - Radislav Krstic ndi anamuperekeza wake. Udindo sanali munthu yekha. Mu 2003, boma latsopano la Republic of Srpska, omwe ali mbali ya Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, anachonderera wolakwa kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba Bosnia. Mu 90s munali nkhondo ndi Asilamu, ndi nawo yogwira Belgrade. Osadalira pa Serbia, kudzera yamalamulo ake mu 2010 amaletsanso atapha anthu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti khoti Hague si opanda mavuto connivance wa peacekeepers Dutch, lili pa maziko pafupi malo kuphana. Wapolisiyo Karremants mlandu kuti anapereka gawo la othawa Bosnia, podziwa kuti adzaphedwa Serbia. Makumi awiri zako ndi magawo wopandamalire makhoti anali anasonkhana umboni kwambiri m'munsi mwa nkhanza anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2005, chifukwa cha kusaka kwa Anthu Chisebiya ufulu wa anthu linapezeka ndipo lofalitsidwa kanema, amene analembedwa mfundo za kupereka.