Iye anatsegula Gudzon Genri? Wambiri wofufuza

Genri Gudzon, mbiri ndiponso zimene ndiwo mutu wa takambiranazi, anali wotchuka English kuyenda panyanja ndipo anatulukira zaka 16-17. Iye anapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi Hrs, anaphunzira ndipo anafotokoza Ocean Arctic, komanso pokhala latsopano, kumalo, mitsinje ndi zilumba. Choncho, chikutchedwa mndandanda wa zinthu pa dera la North America, ndi zina matupi a madzi.

General maonekedwe a chi

Oyendayenda mkulu tiyenera kuziganizira pa nkhani ya chi. Iye wachita kafukufuku zaka wakukhala pa mpando wachifumu Koroleva Elizaveta Ine, amene ulamuliro zinali zodzaza ndi chitukuko mofulumira navigation British ndi malonda. Iye analimbikitsa makampani apanyanja akhama komanso njira payekha oyendetsa. Inali nthawi ya ulamuliro wake wakhala akugwira ulendo wake wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi F. Drake. Mfumukazi chuma linatukuka likuvutika malonda apanyanja, kotero naye makampani British ayambitsa kuphunzira m'madera madzi kufunafuna njira zambiri opindulitsa kulankhulana ndi mayiko ena komanso m'mayiko.

Zina za munthuyo

Gudzon Genri anabadwa mu 1570, ndipo ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti banja la yoyendetsa sitima. Za zaka zoyambilira za wofufuza tsogolo pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. Akukhulupirira kuti anathera unyamata wake pa nyanja, kuphunzira seamanship, anakhala kanyumba mnyamata, ndipo kenako ananyamuka ku Mulingo wa mkulu. Anasunga nkhani woyendayenda D. Davis anali bungwe mu m'nyumba ya D. Hudson, yemwe ayenera kuti anali wachibale wa anatulukira m'tsogolo. Choncho, Gudzon Genri anali odziwa yapamadzi ndipo ngakhale patsogolo maulendo wotchuka anakwanitsa tikhale mbiri ya yapamadzi luso.

ulendo oyamba

English "Muscovite Company" kudziŵa njira malonda kumpoto chakum'mawa anyalanyaza Spain ndi Portugal katundu. Mu 1607, ulendo wa unapangidwa bungwe kufunafuna njira kumpoto kwa Asia. Lamulo anafunika kusunga Gudzon Genri. Mwini wake anali yekha sitima wina ndi gulu laling'ono.

Kutuluka m'nyanja, anatumiza chombo kumpoto cha kumadzulo mpaka kufika ku gombe la Greenland. M'njiramo anali kuyenda panyanja mapu a dera lonselo. Iye anapita kwawo kwa Svalbard ndipo anabwera pafupi mokwanila wa North Pole. Monga kuyenda zina zinali zosatheka chifukwa chakuti ayezi angaletsedwe Kukwezeleza ngalawa, Gudzon Genri analamula kuti abwerere kwawo. Apa iye analankhula za mwayi wa whaling m'nyanja kumpoto n'chiyani kuti chitukuko cha ntchito imeneyi pa dziko.

ulendo wachiwiri

Chaka chotsatira, woyendetsa kanayamba ulendo watsopano kwa cholinga chomwecho monga kale: yesani kupeza njira nyanja ku China ndi India mwa kumpoto kum'mawa kapena kumpoto chakumadzulo. Apaulendo kufuna malo ufulu wa chisanu, mu njira ya kusaka zinagwa nyanja pakati Spitzbergen ndi Novaya Zemlya. Komabe, Hudson ndipo sanathe kupeza ufulu chikudutsa pano, kotero anatembenuka kumpoto chakumadzulo. Koma pano kachiwiri kuyembekezera wolephera: ayezi kachiwiri oletsedwa mayendedwe ake, woyendetsa anakakamizika kubwerera kwawo.

The ulendo wachitatu

Mu 1609, wofufuza anauyamba ulendo watsopano, koma tsopano pansi mbendera Dutch. Dziko lino kunali odana ndi bwino mpikisano ku British Korona mu chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena ndi madera anali kuthetsedwa. Hudson akhoza nzeru zake, kusankha malangizo a panyanja. Iye anapita Nyanja Barents, ndipo apa anakhudzidwa modzidzimutsa ndi nyengo yoipa. Maulendowa anali pansi mavuto adzaoneni: nyengo yozizira, pakati pa gulu anayamba kudandaula, anaopseza kupita ochita zionetsero. Ndiye anatulukira anapereka yopita ku chitsogozo cha Davis Khwalala kapena mutu ku gombe North America.

Iye anasankhidwa ndi Yachiwiri, ndi sitima yopita ku gombe la kumpoto chakumadzulo pofufuza zimene anawerengera Genri Gudzon. North America wakhala anaphunzira iwo mwatsatanetsatane: anadza ku mayiko a limati masiku ano, iye anadza ku Bay n'kuyamba kusambira kupita pa mtsinje waukulu umene tsopano limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Zinali anapeza kwambiri, koma woyendetsa anaonetsetsa kuti konse anafika kumene ankapita, ndipo anapeza njira sichichititsa China.

Choona chidwi n'chakuti pa nthawi yomweyo, French wofufuza ndiponso wofufuza Champlain komanso kufufuza malo awa ndi cholinga chomwecho: kupeza njira madzi China. Iye anakwanitsa kufika kumeneko, kumene anali Hudson, koma Komano, iwo ankasiyana makilomita ndi zana limodzi kudza makumi asanu.

Nthawiyi, mkati mwa English chombo zipolowe anayambanso, ndi mlendo anakakamizika kubwerera. Momwe iye adafika ku doko English, kumene anamangidwa pamodzi ndi muno: pakuti pansi pa malamulo a dziko iwo anali kusambira pansi mbendera ya Ufumu. Posakhalitsa anamasulidwa, ndiponso yotsatira, mu 1610, ndi ulendo watsopano unapangidwa bungwe.

ulendo chachinayi

nthawi iyi, Genri Gudzon, kutsegula kwa amene anathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha kafukufuku Hrs, anali kulemba ndi British East India Company. Iye anapitiriza kumpoto, anapita kugombe la Iceland ndi Greenland, kenako analowa khwalala kuti tsopano limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Kupita m'mphepete mwa nyanja Labrador, anzake chombo analowa Bay, amene anali ndi dzina lake.

Miyezi ingapo tikugwira sanjira kuyenda panyanja kugombe American, ndi ulendo wa anakakamizika kupita kumtunda kwa dzinja yozizira. Pamene ayezi wapita, woyendetsa anaganiza kupitiriza maphunziro ake, koma Sitima inayamba anagalukira: izo, pamodzi ndi mwana wake, ndi amalinyero asanu nditasimidwa pa bwato popanda chakudya kapena madzi. Pa tsoka ake anapitiriza silikudziwika, osalephera, anaphedwa.

mtengo

Great chopereka kwa kutsegulidwa kwa dziko ndi chitukuko cha sayansi Hrs anachita Genri Gudzon. Anatsegula yapamadzi, tafotokoza pamwambapa. atulukira wake unadzaza ndi mawanga ambiri woyera pa mapu pansi nthawi kuganizira. Bay, zomwe anapeza nthawi pang'ono onse Baltic Sea. Anafotokoza gombe awo anali kukhala yopindulitsa malo a malonda ubweya, yomwe yakhala zinachititsa kampani. Hudson Khwalala ndi mwayi yabwino kwa Arctic madzi a Atlantic Ocean. Ambiri a mbali malo osiyanasiyana ndi dzina la apaulendo, kuphatikizapo mtsinje, County, mzinda.

Iye anakhala mmodzi wa apainiya wotchuka kwambiri nthawi yake Genri Gudzon. Photos ndi maps of lonselo zimatsimikizira kuti seafarer ali moyo imeneyi dzina lake. Mwatsoka, izo ziri ngati anzake ambiri a nthawi, sizinayende wabweza kuzindikira. Kuyenda panyanja analephera kuyenda pa zombo zingapo, iye anapatsidwa zombo imodzi kapena ziwiri. Komabe, anathandiza kuti nzeru za madera sitingalephere kukambapo. Chifukwa malo ake akutali a nyanja kumpoto ndi maiko yatchedwa.