Slutsk Belt ndi chuma cha dziko la Belarus. Nyumba ya Slutsk Belts

Slutsk Belt (chithunzi cha kumanzere) ndi dziko lachi Belaresi, chizindikiro cha mbiri yakale ndi mtundu wa dzikoli, komanso chitsanzo cha zojambulajambula za m'ma 1800. Komabe, masiku ano ku Belarus kuli ochepa kwambiri mwa iwo.

Mwachitsanzo, zaka zingapo ku Minsk, National Museum Museum inasonyeza mikanda yochokera ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Lithuania. Kotero, tiyeni tikumbukire momwe izi zakhazikitsidwira ndi zomwe zidayembekezeredwa kwa iye.

Kulakwitsa kwa asayansi

Mbiri ya mikanda ya Slutsk inayamba m'zaka za zana la 16, mu Commonwealth ya Polish-Lithuanian. Apa ndiye kuti asayansi anakhala chifukwa chomwe amaonekera. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti anthu olemekezeka amachokera ku anthu akale, omwe amadziwika kuchokera ku annals a Aroma ndi Agiriki - a Sarmatians. Kulingalira uku kunali kulimbikitsa chitukuko mu zaka za zana la 17 la lingaliro latsopano - sarmatism. Aristocrats adakonda mawu awa, ndipo adayamba kudziona kuti mbadwa za anthu oterewa, ndi anthu wamba-amabwera kuchokera ku Asilavo ndi Balts.

Popeza anthu a ku Sarmati anali anthu ochokera Kum'maŵa, malamba a silika, omwe ankatumizidwa kuchokera ku Persia ndi Turkey m'zaka za zana la 18, adatchuka kwambiri ndi szlachta. Mkanda woterewu unkawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha chuma ndi mphamvu za mwiniwake, komanso chofunika kwambiri pa chotchedwa "Sarmatian" chovala. Kotero, chinali chinyengo cha akatswiri a mbiriyakale omwe anachititsa kuwonetsa kwa zochitika za mikanda ya slutsk.

Kuyambira kupanga

M'zaka za zana la XVIII chipinda cha Rzecz Pospolita chinapangidwa ndi anthu 15%. Choncho, kufunika kwa malaya a silika a ku Turkey kunali kwakukulu. Ndipo, monga akunena, amafuna kuti apange chakudya.

Kenaka mchimwene wa Grand Duchy wa ku Lithuania Mikhail Kazimir Radzivil anapereka chiganizo chopanga zovala ku Turkey chitsanzo m'mayiko a ku Belarus. Mu 1757, malinga ndi lamulo lake, chombocho chinachotsedwa mwachinsinsi ku Turkey . Komabe, iyi inali theka la nkhondoyo. Ankafunikabe kukhala mbuye yemwe anatha kupirira teknoloji ndipo ankadziwa miyambo ya ku Turkey. Ndipo izi zinapezeka. Hovhannes Madjaryants ndi mbuye wochokera ku Istanbul amene adakhala mumzinda wa Stanislav. Mwa anthu omwe amamutcha Jan Majarsky. Choncho, ku Commonwealth ku Poland-Lithuania, mabotolo oyambirira a slutsk anawonekera. Fakitale (manufactory) poyamba inali ku Nesvizh, koma kenako (mu 1762) idasamukira ku Slutsk. Kumeneko iye anagwira ntchito nthawi yonse yotsala. Choncho, dzina lofanana ndi mankhwala.

Chidule cha luso

Poyamba, amisiri okha a ku Istanbul ankagwira ntchito ku Slutsk Manufactory. Koma patapita nthawi, luso lamakono linkayendetsedwa ndi ovala nsalu, ndipo zokongoletsera za kummawa ndi zochitika pamabotolo zinalowetsedwa ndi zigawo zakumaloko.

Zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu (kuchokera mu 1781), mwiniwake wa fakitale anali Leon Madzharskiy - mwana wa mbuye wa Turkey amene anayambitsa zokolola m'mayiko a ku Belarus. Kuti apitirize ntchito ya abambo ake, komanso zomwe adachita bwino ndi zomwe adakwanitsa kuchita, adapatsidwa mphoto ya boma, anapatsidwa udindo wa titlelain ndi mutu wapamwamba.

Maluso a omanga nsalu am'deralo adakula mofulumira. Choncho, nsomba zapamwamba kwambiri zinali zojambula ziwiri, zoyang'anizana ndi slutsk lamba. Chinthu choterocho chinali chilengedwe chonse: chinali chovala chifukwa cha maholide komanso kulira. Malinga ndi miyambo ya ku Turkey, amuna okha ndiwo angakhale ambuye. Malinga ndi zikhulupiliro, ngati dzanja lachikazi linakhudza golidi kapena golidi, iwo adatha. Chifukwa chake, akazi sanasungidwe ngakhale pang'ono. Kuti adziwe njira yopangira, amuna amaphunzitsidwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti bizinesi yawo ikungoyamba. Zonse ndi zokongoletsera zinapangidwa mosiyana ndi ojambula.

Otsanzira

Lambayo inakhala chinthu chofunika mu zovala za aliyense wodzilemekeza wodzipereka. Zogulitsa za Slutsk Manufactory zinapambana bwino ndipo posakhalitsa anachotsa mpikisano wawo kummawa kuchokera ku msika. Phindu la ntchitoyi linachititsa mayiko ena oyandikana nawo kubwereza izi.

Kotero, Mfumu ya Commonwealth Stanislav August Poniatowski inaganiza zotsegula fakitale yopangira nsalu mumzinda wa Grodno. Ndipo adafunsa Radzivils kuti akhale mbuye yemwe angayambe kupanga. Komabe, iye anakanidwa. Koma, ngakhale izi, fakitale ku Grodno idatsegulidwa. Mabotolo a slutsk anapangidwa kulikonse: kuchokera ku Warsaw kupita ku mzinda wa France ku Lyon.

Pofuna kulimbana ndi katundu wonyenga, fakitale Radzivilov anayamba kutchula katundu wawo. Choncho, pamtanda uliwonse wa slatz panaikidwa malemba omwe amasonyeza malo opanga: "Ine ndimadera Sluciae" kapena "Sluck". Pamene maiko a Belarus anali mbali ya Ufumu wa Russia - "Mu mzinda wa Slutsk."

Sunset Manufactory

Koma kwa Slutsk kupanga komwe kunabwera nthawi zoipa. Gawo lachitatu la Commonwealth mu 1795 linali ngati chiyambi cha mpikisano wopambana wa mafashoni a French. Nsalu za Slutsk zamakono zinali zochepa. Poyamba iwo amangobisika m'mabokosi, ndipo kenako anayamba kupereka mipingo ndi mipingo palimodzi. Ena anatenthedwa kuti apeze zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Bande limodzi la slatz linali ndi magalamu 100 a siliva ndi golidi.

1831 anali kusintha kwa mbiri ya manufactory. Pambuyo pa zipolowezo, akuluakulu a boma la Russia analetsa kuletsa zovala zapamwamba, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi. Mu 1848 fakitale ku Slutsk inatsekedwa.

Akaunti pawiri

Wolemba mbiri wa ku Belarus, dzina lake Adam Maldis, ananena kuti panthawiyi, fakitale ya Slutsk inapanga mabotolo pafupifupi 5,000. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo ndi wapadera komanso wapadera. Mabotolo atasiya ntchito yawo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, adakhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Onse osungiramo zinthu zakale komanso osonkhanitsa anthu anayamba kusonkhanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, Shchukin yemwe anali wamalonda wotchuka komanso wotchuka wa Russia, anawathamangitsa kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri ndikugula iwo ku Vilnius ndi ku Warsaw ogulitsa zinthu zakale. Anasonkhanitsa ku State Historical Museum. Ndipo, malinga ndi akatswiri, iwo ali ndi zidutswa 60 ndi mabotolo 80 onse.

Pali mbiri yakale yomwe mu 1939 ku Nesvizh Castle Radziwilov 32 mikanda anali kusungidwa, amene 16 anali Slutsk. Msonkhanowo unasamutsidwa ku State Art Gallery ya BSSR. Komabe, panthawi yomwe dziko la Germany linkagwira ntchito, linatha mosayembekezereka.

Pakalipano, mabotolo 11 okha adasungidwa ku Belarus, omwe asanu ndi awiri ali Slutsk, ndipo ena onsewo ndi makope opangidwa kunja. Kawirikawiri, n'kosatheka kutchula chiwerengero chenicheni cha zinthu zimenezi m'madera a Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania ndi mayiko ena.

Lero ku Slutsk

Kuyambira mu 2012 ku Belarus, m'malo mwa Pulezidenti, Pulogalamu ya Boma yakhala ikugwira ntchito, yomwe ikuyenera kutsitsimutsa miyambo ndi matekinoloje opanga mabotolo a Slutsk.

Pa malo a wakale manufactory ndi nyumba za RUE "Slutsk Belts". Ntchitoyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1930 monga kujambula zithunzi zojambulajambula ndi ovala nsalu zopanga zida zamakono ndikukhala ndi luso komanso luso loyenerera. Mu 2011 kampaniyo inakwanitsa zaka 75. Zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapangidwa ku fakitale ndizophimba, talasi, zopukutirapo, zidole ndi zokumbutsa. Zonsezi zimachitidwa pamasewera apadera - "kroshny".

Kuyambira mu 2012, mgwirizano wa Slutsk wayamba kupanga mapepala a Slutsk, komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi zolemba zawo (zopangira mabuku, mafungulo, matelefoni, mapepala ojambula, etc.). Zaka zambiri akuphunzira zinsinsi za ovala nsalu ndi zojambula zapadera za XVIII zaka sizinali zopanda phindu - kampaniyo inakonzanso luso lamakono lapadera. Kotero, lamba woyamba wa slutz (chithunzi) - chithunzi chabwino cha mbiri yakale - chinaperekedwa kwa Purezidenti wa Republic of Belarus. Lero limakongoletsa Nyumba ya Ufulu.

Zogulitsidwa m'mabotolo a Slutsk zimakonda kwambiri masiku ano. Pano mungathe kugula nsalu zokongola, zovala za Belarusian, mapepala ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo izi siziri zinthu zokha, koma ntchito zenizeni zenizeni.

Nyumba ya Slutsk Belts

Kampaniyo ili ndi nyumba yosungirako zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Kumeneku mukhoza kuona makope ndi zidutswa zamakono, zosiyana siyana, ndikuwonanso momwe apangidwira.

Museum of the History of Slutsk Belts ili ndi maholo ambiri. Malo oyambirira ndi "Zigawo za mbiri". Pano mungathe kuona momwe maambidwe a Slutsk amaonekera nthawi zosiyanasiyana, pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Malo "Slutsk Belt" akhoza kutamanda chidutswa choyambirira cha zaka za XVIII, komanso makope ake ndi zidutswa. Ndipo mu dipatimenti ya "Manufacture" mungadziŵe momwe dziko la XVIII linakhalira.

"Chidutswa cha Nyumba ya Radzivils" ndi chidutswa chokhazikitsidwa ndi nyumba ya Nesvizh ya nthawi imeneyo. Ndipotu, Radzivils anali oimira umodzi mwa mafuko olemera kwambiri, otchuka kwambiri komanso odziŵika kwambiri a Polish-Lithuania. Nyumba yawo inali ndi zovala zamtengo wapatali, zokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula za ojambula otchuka komanso zophimba mapepala a ku Perisiya. Mosiyana ndi zipinda zolemekezeka mu "People's Zone" mukhoza kuona momwe moyo wa anthu wamba unalili.

M'nyuzipepala muli makina opangidwa ndi makina a German a Mageba, makamaka mabotolo a Slutsk. Imalamulidwa ndi makompyuta awiri, ali ndi ma shuti 6 ndi 1200. Palibe zifaniziro za makina oterewa padziko lapansi.

Mtengo wa nkhani

Lero pa zipangizo zamakono mabotolo a slutsk amabwereranso. Kodi zochuluka bwanjizi? Malingana ndi wojambula wamkulu wa fakitale, makope a slutsk amabwera ndalama kuchokera kwa 10 mpaka 50 miliyoni za rublebusiya. Zili pa madola 1000 mpaka 5,000 US.

Osati wotchipa, tidzatero. Kodi mtengowu umachokera kuti? Ngakhale lero, pogwiritsa ntchito zamakono zamakono, uwu ndi ntchito yaikulu. Kulengedwa kwa belu umodzi kumatenga pafupifupi maola 60! Pakalipano, nsalu zoonda kwambiri za silika zasiliva ndi golide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo ngati mukulitsa liwiro la zopangidwe, akhoza kuthyola. Mtengo wotsiriza umapangidwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa lamba, komanso chiwerengero cha zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira.