Mitundu ya zolemba zakale monga zinthu zomwe zikuwulula zapitazo za chitukuko chathu

Pafupi mbiri yonse ya anthu akhoza kuphunzira chifukwa cha zosiyana zakale zomwe zatsikira kwa ife. Malo otsala a zomangamanga akale, mapuloteni a mapanga, makalata osiyanasiyana ndi zikopa-zonsezi ndizo zomwe tingaphunzire mbiri ya kukula kwa umunthu ngakhale mozama. Zomangamanga zonsezi zimayimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbiri yakale, malinga ndi zomwe mbiri yakale imaphunziridwa. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyana siyana za mbiri yakale, iwo anali okhudzidwa mogawanika ndi osankhidwa.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu yotsatizana ya zochitika zakale: zakuthupi, zamlomo, zamitundu, zinenero, zolembedwa. Mtundu watsopano kwambiri ndi wodabwitsa.

Zolemba zambiri zamakono zimaphunziridwa makamaka ndi zofukulidwa pansi. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za phunziroli ndi zipangizo, zida zosiyanasiyana, ndalama, zinyumba , zovala, ndi zomangamanga.

Makhalidwe - amamveka nthano, nthano, nthano, nthano. Zonse zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi anthu ku mibadwomibadwo.

Mauthenga a Ethnographic ndi omwe amapereka lingaliro la moyo wa mayiko, chiyambi chawo, chitukuko.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zilankhulo zimatilola kumvetsetsa ndikutsata njira ndi kusintha komwe kunachitika m'zinenero za anthu a dziko, kusintha kwawo, kuphatikiza. Mofanana ndi malemba oyambirira, iwo akuyang'ana gawo linalake.

Zolemba zomwe zalembedwa m'mbiri zimaphunziridwa mu nthambi yotereyi monga kulongosoka kwa magwero, paleography, epigraphy, diplomacy, heraldry, sphragistics ndi ena.

Zakale zolembedwa, monga lamulo, zigawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

1. Mbiri ndi mbiri yakale - nthawi zambiri zimalongosola zochitika zazikulu za moyo wa anthu kapena boma.

2. Zolemba ndi zolemba - mapepala osiyanasiyana a bizinesi.

3. Zopangira malamulo - pano pali malamulo osiyanasiyana, malamulo a atsogoleri a boma, kusintha kwa malamulo.

4. Zophatikizidwe za diplomatic - zizindikiro ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko, mauthenga akunja akunja, misonkhano, zolemba ndi zina zotero.

5. Memoirs, autobiographies, diary, makalata, zomwe mungathe kuphunzira maganizo awo enieni a m'nthaŵi yapadera.

6. Katswiri ndi zojambula. Zimasonyeza nthawi yeniyeni ya zojambulajambula zomwe zinagwidwa m'mabwinja a zomangamanga, komanso zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula kapena zojambulajambula.

Palinso mitundu ina ya mbiriyakale. Chimodzi mwa zokondweretsa kwambiri ndi kugawidwa kwa iwo mwadzidzidzi komanso mosadzifunira. Zolinga kuti ziphatikize zonse zomwe zinalengedwa ndi zolembedwa ndi kuyembekezera kuti zipangizo zidzaphunziridwa mtsogolo ndi mbadwa. Ubwino ndi nthawi ya zochitikazo. Chidziwitso chimatanthawuza chirichonse chimene sichinali cholinga choti tiphunzire m'tsogolomu. Mndandanda wamakampani uwu .

Choncho, mndandanda wa zolemba zakale umapangitsa kuti apitirize kupindula bwino komanso molimbika pophunzira mbiriyo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakale.