Kodi ulaliki ndi wotani: tanthauzo la mbiri yakale ndi tanthauzo la zamakono

Kutembenuza masamba a mbiri, aliyense wa ife anakomana mobwerezabwereza ndi zizindikiro za mayiko, madera, mabanja - mikono. Munda wa chidziwitso, womwe umapangidwira kuphunzira zolemba zamkati zomwe zili m'kati mwa malaya, zimatchedwa heraldry.

Kodi ulaliki ndi wotani? Tanthauzo la lingaliro. Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Ngati titenga tsatanetsatane yeniyeni yeniyeni, ndiye olemba nkhani ndizowathandiza m'mbiri, zomwe zimaphunzira mikono, mbiri yawo ndi tanthauzo lake. Mawuwa ndi ofanana ndi mawu akuti "heraldus", kutanthauza "herald" mu Chirasha . Olemba ku Russia ankatchedwa azitsamba, omwe adafotokoza chovala chawo cha mbuye wawo wamatsenga.

Zovala zankhondo zikuwonetsa kuti mwini wawo ali ndi chikhalidwe chotani. Ndicho chifukwa chake abusa amatha kukhala ndi tanthawuzo. Tsatanetsatane ndi chiyambi cha mchitidwe umenewu zawerengedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe

Chikhalidwe cha kulenga crests chinawonekera ku Ulaya pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba. Pa nthawiyi mu mpikisano, kudziwidwa kwa magulu a zida zankhondo kunayambitsa zovuta, ndipo otsogolerawo sanadziwike. Chifukwa chake, olemekezeka anayamba kuyika mafano osiyanasiyana pa zikopa ndi zida, zomwe zinali zolimbikitsa kupanga chizindikiro choyenera. Patapita nthaŵi, zizindikirozo zinasandulika kukhala chinenero chosadziwika, chomwe chizindikiro cholembedwacho chinali ndi tanthauzo lake lokhazikika. Pachiyambi pa zida zojambula nyama ndi mbalame. Pa mikono ya nthawiyo kunali chizindikiro cha zizindikiro zakale za nkhondo, zida zankhondo - mivi, mikondo, malupanga. Nthawi zina, zikopa zimasonyeza malo a knight.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri , zizindikirozo zinali ndi autilaini yonse, ndipo manja pa masewera a zigoba anayamba kukhala wamba. Kukula kwa chifaniziro cha zizindikiro pa zishango kunapangitsa kuti tisiye kusiyanitsa mpukutu molingana ndi manja achilengedwe. Otsatirawa adatsimikiziranso kuti akugwirizana. Iwo adalandira cholowa, chomwechonso chinali chikhalidwe. Ngati mutembenukira panopa, mungathe kuona kuti ngati mabanja olemekezeka ali ndi kusiyana kwa banja, ndiye kuti akubwereza mawonekedwe akale a zikopa za makolo akale.

Nkhani yophunzira

Heraldry amawona mikono ngati malo enieni a chidziwitso. Deta yomwe imapezeka pophunzira zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zimathandizira kubwezeretsa chidziwitso chokhudza zochitika, za mbiri yakale, komanso kutsegula njira yothetsera mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chinalipo nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wolemba mbiri yakale, akatswiri a mbiri yakale amapeza kuti zida kapena zipilala za munthu wina, zimatsimikiziranso zowona.

Chovalacho ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka, cholembedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo omveka bwino. Icho chimakhala kusiyana kosalekeza kwa munthu, banja, gulu la anthu, dera, boma.

Akatswiri ambiri a mbiriyakale adadzifunsapo za zomwe abusa amachitira. Tsatanetsatane wa lingaliro ili la anthu otchuka ndi awa: chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukhalapo kwa lingaliro la dziko. Pali njira ina yowonjezera. Heraldry ndi chitsimikiziro cha chitukuko chochuluka cha boma komanso kulimbikitsa udindo wake wodziimira.

Kumvetsa sayansi

Ndondomeko yolongosola ndi kutanthauzira tanthauzo la zida zidapangidwa ndi chidziwitso chothandizira - ulaliki. Sayansi ikufufuza mbiri ya chitukuko cha nthambi yolidziwa, maziko a kusonkhanitsa, kutumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zipangizo zina, katundu wawo, malingana ndi malo ndi nthawi yolenga.

Monga chidziwitso cha sayansi gawo ili la chidziwitso limaimiridwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Wokonzeka, kapena wongopeka, wolemba nkhani amaphunzira malamulo omanga malaya ndi ziganizo zomwe zimalongosola. Kwa malo apadera a sayansi, ndizofunikira kuganizira zinthu monga zida za makolo komanso ma motto. Malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito amathandiza kuti aphunzire za kupereka ndi kufotokoza zolemba zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu za gawo la chifanizirocho chojambula pa malaya.

Sitiyenera kuiwala za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, komwe kamakonza kupanga zida zatsopano, kusintha ndi kuzigwirizanitsa ndi malamulo omwe alipo, komanso kuganizira mbiri ya chiyambi.

Heraldry ndi gawo lake mukumvetsetsa mbiriyakale

Heraldry ikuyimira gawo lofunika kwambiri la mbiri yakale ndi chidziwitso chothandiza anthu. Iye anagonjetsa njira yayitali yochokera ku nthambi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku sayansi yodziimira, yomwe ili ndi njira zake zokha zophunzirira ndi kusanthula zochokera m'mbiri.

Kufunika kofotokozera zida zinaonekera pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za kusiyana zinkaonekera. Kuti pakhale kufotokozera molondola ndi kolondola kwa chizindikiro choterocho, pamene palibe chithunzi chowonetserapo, mawu amodzi apangidwa omwe amakhudza miyezo ya zifaniziro zamatampu, zokongoletsera ndi zigawo zina. Analoledwanso kusiyanitsa azamalonda ku malo odziimira okhaokha.

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa ntchito ziwiri za sayansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidziwitse zomwe abusa amachitira. Tsatanetsataneyo imati: izi ndizo kupanga zida ndi nzeru zawo. Njira zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira nthawi zonse za mwini wake wa chizindikiro, zoyenera, maudindo, nthawi yolengedwa ndi kusinthidwa kwa chizindikiro. Chilankhulo cha heraldry chimatchedwa "blazon", chomwe chimakulolani kuti mubweretse chithunzicho monga momwe tafotokozera.

Zapadera komanso zenizeni za sayansi ya malaya

Heraldry ingathenso kutchedwa dongosolo lapadera lozindikiritsira zinthu zakuthupi ndi zaumwini. Ntchito zambiri za mbiriyakale zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa sayansi monga Heraldry. Kufunika kwa mwambo wamakedzana uku ndi kwakukulu, chifukwa cha chidziwitso chomwe chatulukira, chithunzi chachikulu cha izi kapena nthawiyo chimawumbidwa.

Heraldry si mpata woti adziwe yemwe malaya a zida anali ake pamene adawuka. Ambiri amavomereza kuti sikokwanira kuzilingalira ngati nthambi mufukufuku wa sayansi. Ndikofunika kuganizira za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kodi ulaliki ndi wotani? Tsatanetsatane ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malangizowa zimapangitsa kubwezeretsa mizu yawo, kupeza magwero a chiyambi cha banja.