The Kampeni Choyamba ndi udindo wake mu mapangidwe "kuzunza anthu"

Pamaso pa nyengo Millennium apapa anafuna kuti asiye mphamvu ya mafumu a Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma. Izi kutsutsana investiture inathera ndi chigonjetso cha mpingo. Kutchuka, wofuna Papa Gregory VII anayamba kusintha kwambiri-ang'ono a ziŵalo ecclesial otchedwa ndi dzina lake Gregory. Pa dzanja limodzi, papa anayesa kuti zichepetse kutsutsako anthu a atsogoleri ndi kubwerera kwa kugwedezeka kutchuka zipembedzo ndi kumayambiriro umbeta ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa latsopano malamulo achipembedzo ndi hayala kwambiri. Komano, papa anayesa kutsitsa kunadetsa proliferating opanda minda kalasi (chifukwa cha ufulu wa primogeniture) Ankhondo. Wamng'ono ana a ambuye ang'onoang'ono, kukhala ndi ukulu anthu lupanga, ndi "nthawi bomba" kwa anthu. Anati, "Masiku a Mtendere wa Mulungu" - malamulo oletsa kuchita ntchito ya usilikali pa masiku ena - sikokwanira kupulumutsa zinthu. Izi zimachititsa - chilakolako kulimbikitsa ulemu atsogoleri ndi misa lalikulu la anthu wosakhazikika zida - ndipo adakonza nkhondo zomenyera choyamba.

Pambuyo matemberero mwagwirizana anasinthanitsa pakati pa Papa ndi kholo la Constantinople mu 1053, onse Mpingo potsiriza omwazika. Komabe, pamene Seljuk Turkey atalanda ufumu Byzantine, Basil Aleksey Ine Komnin anafunsa Western mafumu European kwa thandizo la asilikali. mavuto a Byzantium zinali m'manja mwa apapa anali. Inu sanangokhala kutumiza kunja mulu waukulu wa chivalry, komanso kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa Mpingo, lotsogoledwa ndi Kampeni Choyamba. Koma ichi kunali kofunika kutembenukira nkhondo wamba a dziko dziko mu nkhondo yopatulika kwa Manda Opatulika. Komabe, kukhala mutu wa nkhondo, akukankha German unachotsa Henry IV ndi Philip Ine la France, kunali koyenera kuti apange zamulungu kupindika zofunika.

Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, mpingo umatchedwa tchimo lakupha ndi nkhondo chinthu ochimwa, kapena wamng'ono zoipa. Tsopano kutsogolo kwake panali vuto amatchedwa "wakuda woyera" ndi kumenya kwambiri mwachindunji mu mwazi. Pogwiritsa ntchito fano la Chivumbulutso kwa CHOMUTHANDIZA wa angelo ndi makamu a angelo wa gulu lankhondo la Wokana Kristu, waupapa Roma anayamba kulankhula za nkhondo olungama. Popeza m'dzinja la 1095 ku Clermont (tsopano Clermont-Ferrand ku France) pa bungwe mpingo ndi Papa Urban II analengezeratu Kampeni Choyamba sacralized. Ndiyeno azamulungu kutsimikizira mfundo iyi kuti kuwamana moyo cholakwika, kupha aliyense sanachite, koma m'malo mwake, pali kuthetsa choipa.

Crusading asilikali akadali pa njira ya Land Woyera katswiri pogroms lonse ndi adani a Yerusalemu 1099 zinachititsa kuphedwa kuti, malinga ndi takumbukira Chartres Fulco, "mapazi ake kumizidwa mu mwazi wa akazi anaphedwa ndi ana ndi akakolo." Ndipo pamwamba kulira zonsezi kubingula a "Mkhristu" makamu, "Ichi ndi wokondweretsa Mulungu!". Mtopola umenewu anatembenuka maziko a anthu akale. Anayamba kutsetsereka njira pafupifupi opondereza "milandu onse", umapereka R.Mura, pamene anthu mmodzimmodzi lilibe (analengeza adani a Mulungu), magulu ena a anthu: Ayuda, otsutsa chipembedzo, Orthodox, akhate, etc. N'zovuta kunena mmene ambiri a Nkhondo za Mtanda, chifukwa si onse a iwo mwalamulo ananena papa (panali 8), ndipo kokha anauziridwa maulaliki.

Chinthu chimodzi chili: kuyambira nkhondo yoyamba ya Woyera dziko kupha pa amene akuuza Roma Katolika mdani, ndi sanalinso tchimo, koma apamwamba ukoma achipembedzo. Mu XIII atumwi, pamene Kampeni woyamba m'gawo Mkhristu analengeza (Albigensian) kulolerana anatsimikizidwa tchimo. Pa IV Lateran Council mu 1215, Papa Innocent III ananena adani a Ambuye schismatics, mwachitsanzo Orthodox Akhristu. Ndipo mu 1232 Gregory IX anamutcha Akatolika bwino kusoka kuwoloka ndi tipite kukamenyana Novgorod ndi Pskov. The nkhondo anapitiriza yosiyana kupambana kuchokera 1232 chaka 1240, pamene Nkhondo ya Nyanja Peipus mu April 1242 (zotchedwa Battle wa Ice) wakhala si kutha zonena za papa wa ku Roma pa m'mayiko East Asilavo. N'zovuta kulingalira za tsogolo la anthu Asilavo, ngati Nkhondo za Mtanda kwa Russia inatha mosiyana, chifukwa ng'ombe yake (12.09.1237 zaka) Gregory IX akulimbikitsa Akhristu mwankhanza "iznichtozhat adani a mtanda."