Zaka ulamuliro wa Thutmose. Kugonjetsedwa Thutmose

Mbiri ya Egypt amadziwa mafumu anayi dzina lake Thutmose, iwo onse wa mmodzi wa 18 achepetse ndipo analamulira akutiakuti. Koma chilemba kwambiri mu mbiri ya kumanzere, ndithudi, Thutmose III. Egypt ananyamuka kupita m'mwamba kuposa zaka zake za boma. Thutmose ndi Hammurabi (mfumu ya Ababulo) nthawi zambiri poyerekeza, kujambula Kufanana yokopa awo ankhondo ndi mfundo aukali yachilendo. Onse kukodzedwa kwambiri malire a boma lake, muyaya inscribing maina awo mu mbiri ya World Ancient.

Thutmose I

Mu ulamuliro wa Thutmose I - 1504-1492, ndi BC. Kunena za chiyambi chake ndi zovuta, asayansi amanena kuti iye anali mwamuna wa mchemwali wa Amenhotep Ine, ndipo n'zotheka kuti mwana wa Farao Ahmose I (tate wa mafumu 18). mu ulamuliro wa Thutmose I - ichi ndi chiyambi cha kugonjetsa, amene anawonjezera kwambiri malire a Egypt. Kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake mu Nubia panali kugalukira. mfumu akukhudzidwa ndi yimitsira ake, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, akukondwera ndi mkondo mtsogoleri wa anthu opanduka. Nubia anali unawonongekeratu ndi mafuko lonse akapolo. kugonjetsa kwake kwa South anasamukira ku mathithi wachitatu wa Nile, ndi kumpoto - ku mtsinje wa Firate. anawazunza wopambana Polemeretsedwa chuma likuvutika katundu kubedwa ndi msonkho operekedwa anthu anagonjetsa. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti ndi kumanga yogwira akachisi. Thutmose ndinali farao woyamba amene anasiya tombstones zazikulu ndikusankha kupeza m'manda ku kachisi maliro. The Shrine inamangidwa mu chikhalidwe mwachinsinsi kwambiri, izo chosema mu thanthwe. Mu 1881 anatulukira ndi Malemu wa Farao.

ana Direct wa Thutmose ine ndinafa kutangoyamba (ana awiri ndipo wamkazi), apo panali mmodzi yekha doch Hatshepsut. mabanja banja Close anali wamba, nampatsa iye kukwatiwa theka m'bale wake (ndi bambo wake) Thutmose II, mwana wa a "palibe chachikulu 'mkazi. Iye anali Farao wotsatira.

Thutmose II

mfumu ku Iguputo si thanzi labwino kwambiri, choncho panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Farao Tuthmosis II yochepa. Ena Egyptologists kukhulupirira kuti iye anali pa mpando kwa zaka zinayi zokha. Komabe, ichi ndi nkhambakamwa, choncho tsiku la ulamuliro wa Thutmose II wa, kawirikawiri kumasonyeza pafupifupi 1492 po1489 BC M'chaka choyamba cha ulamuliro wake unali wotchuka ndi yimitsira nkhanza cha kupanduka mu Nubia, pamene fuko anapha anthu onse iwo akanakhoza kupeza. Thutmose II ali anapitiriza m'madera onse anagonjetsedwa ndi bambo ake. Wa Hatshepsut, anali ndi ana aakazi awiri, koma mwana anali ndi mdzakazi, koma Iye adalikudutsa mpando pambuyo pa imfa ya Farao.

mfumukazi Hatshepsut

Female Farao, mmodzi wa wotchuka wolamulira wa Igupto. udindo wake wapamwamba, molingana ndi azambiriyakale ambiri kukwaniritsa pa nthawi imene malamulo a Thutmose Ine, ndiye bambo ake, ndipo mwinamwake anali co-mkulu wa mwamuna wake. Izi kenako analola kuti achotse mpando wachifumu ku farao wamng'ono. Mwamuna wake atamwalira, iye anaikidwa regent wa wazaka 12 Thutmose III, komanso ndiye chaka chimodzi ndi theka kulemba ndi mwamtendere atathamangitsidwa iye. Iye anatchuka kwambiri mu malo oyamba ndi kumanga yogwira, woyang'anira chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, amakonda izi ndi stepson ake Thutmose III. Egypt pamene unapita patsogolo chuma, koma saatha cholowa Palestine ndi Syria. Ngakhale, malinga ndi malipoti ena, anachita nawo panokha yokopa anthu angapo a asilikali, ambiri, mfundo yachilendo m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi wakhala mtendere. Mfumukazi kulamulira zaka 22 zakubadwa. Malinga deta atsopano analandira Nditaphunzira Malemu, iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka 50 ku matenda (khansa chiwindi, zotupa fupa ndi shuga). Pamene moyo inamangidwa kachisi maliro, ndi osemedwa m'mwala, ndi chidwi ndi kukula ndi ulemerero wake lero.

Thutmose III

Zoyerekeza nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BC Koma kwenikweni, iye anakhala mfumu pambuyo pa imfa ya ondipeza wake, Hatshepsut. Chinthu choyamba chimene anachita - inalamula chiwonongeko cha maumboni onse kwa izo, kuchotsa dzina kuchokera makoma, kuwononga fano. Kodi zifukwa, n'zovuta kuti pakali pano, mwina munthu, olemba mbiri amaganiza kuti zimenezi zinachitika mchikakamizo cha bwalo otchuka. Zaka ulamuliro wa Farao Tuthmosis III Kunasonyeza kusintha kumene kwa mtendere mfundo mwachangu aukali yachilendo. Mu zaka pamene Thutmose III malamulo, Egypt ndi limodzi mwa yaikulu ya boma wakale.

Ngati ife kulankhula za zithunzi za wolamulira wamkulu, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ziboliboli wake ndi pang'ono kuchita ndi maonekedwe enieni. Kuchokera pa phunziro akatswiri Malemu amaganiza kuti si wamtali kwambiri, koma zimakwana anali olondola, wamphamvu.

nkhondo Thutmoses III

Farao osiyana yogwira usilikali malamulo, koma kwambiri chidwi ndi otchuka yokopa zotsatirazi:

1. ulendo oyamba Syria. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa zinali kupanduka kwa mafuko Asian. Chabwino, chifukwa ali chimodzimodzi zaka monga ambiri zapitazo - boma ayenera akapolo, chuma, ndi kutsegula njira malonda yachilendo. Kukwera kwa Syria kwambiri analimbitsa udindo wa boma ku Iguputo Near East.
2. The nkhondo wazaka 29 ulamuliro wa Farao. Zinali wachisanu nkhondo imene ikuchitika Asia Minor. Chifukwa cha Aiguputo pa gombe la Foinike anagwidwa ndi ulimi lalikulu Jahi, amene anakhala mfundo amphamvu.
3. Chimodzi ndi chiwiri yokopa ulamuliro wa Tuthmosis III anali nyanja. Zombo ikuyenda mwa Mediterranean ndipo tidakocheza kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Zemar (ano dera Suriya). Cholinga chawo chinali choti Kedesh linga - mmodzi wa angaloŵe kwambiri, kuzinga wake unatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma zotsatira sanapereke. Aiguputo agwidwa oyandikana nawo ndi anakakamizika kusiya gombe. Kubwerera kachiwiri, ankhondo a Farao wotanganidwa mzinda Foinike Ullaza.
4. Chitatu kukwera anavomereza ulamuliro Egypt m'dziko lonse Syria, Palestine, Finnick. Azambiriyakale kuitana nthawi imeneyi, n'kufika adzagonjetsa lankhondo la Thutmose III.
5. Komanso kokayenda (9, 10, 13, mphindi 14) unatengedwa pa zaka 34-39 ya bolodi Thutmoses III. Alibenso anali bwino chikhalidwe aukali, koma anali umalimbana kusunga magawo anagonjetsedwa kale, tsopano ndiyeno kuukira.
6. ulendo wotsiriza kwa Asia. Malinga ndi cholinga zinali zambiri za ulendo Chilango kuti adzaletse osaweruzika Syria, mudzi womwewo wa Kedesi ndi Tunip anaima pa mutu wa kugalukira lapansi. m'malinga onse anagwidwa ndi Aigupto, amene inapha nkhonya onongani kwa nthawi yaitali kulimbikitsa udindo wa boma lake mu Suriya ndi Foinike.

Onse anagonjetsa mu ulamuliro wa mbali Thutmose III akhala n'kukhala m'chigawo Egypt ndi Ngopambana wamba kwa abwanamkubwa ake. anthu ambiri anasonyeza kuti msonkho monga chizindikiro cha ulemu ndi umodzi kuti mfundo zake. Kugonjetsedwa Thutmose III wa ku Iguputo inasanduka amphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu amphamvu. Palibe Farao wotsatira analephera kukuza malire kusiyana chidachitika naye.

Policy mkati boma pa nthawi ya Tuthmosis III

Tipitirize mwakhama kumanga, monga mu nkhani ya Mfumukazi Hatshepsut, kuphatikizapo kukhala anamangidwira Karnak kachisi wa Amun-Re ndi Obelisk. Malinga ndi umboni umene anakhalabe pa makoma a akachisi ndi m'manda, Farao anali mosalekeza ndithu munthu, ankalimbikitsa luso losiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pa luso lapadera kwambiri kwa mkulu wa asilikaliwo, iye anali ndi ziwiya waluntha ndi ngakhale yoyerekeza dongo, amene ntchito ndi ndiye zapita osema. Mkulu wa Farao ku Iguputo kunja mitundu yatsopano ya zomera ndi mitundu ya nyama. Pamene okhazikika akatswiri ankhondo, anamanga zombo (makamaka mkungudza naye ku Libya) unakhazikitsidwa. Thutmose III anatsogolera Egypt '53. Economic ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko cha boma zinali zodzaza ndi zaka za boma. Hammurabi ndi Thutmose anapambulwa pa zaka nthawi mazana angapo, koma zikufanana kwambiri pakati pawo, olamulira onse anali osati atsogoleri aakulu, komanso andale ndi kulemba. Ndi dzina la Hammurabi ya Babulo amagwirizana okwera, kupanga boma la chilamulo, ndi Thutmose III wa ku Iguputo inasanduka ufumu wamphamvu, mumapezera yekha moyenera mutu wa "Napoleon wa World Ancient" osati chilango, Farao anasonyeza umunthu kwa anthu anagonjetsa, osati anzawo osaganiza ipha kupululutsa.

Art XVIII mzera

Egypt nthawi wachita kutsogolera malo padziko lonse, wafika mphamvu kuposa kale lonse, kuchuluka chilengedwe fluffiness, zovala ndi zodzikongoletsera otchuka. A otsogolera pa luso nthawi imeneyi kusewera Thebes - likulu la dziko pa nthawi imeneyo. Akachisi omangidwa pa nthawi iyi, yaikulu ndi wapadera ndi maliro ali kale wosiyana m'manda, amene chosema kuteteza looting mu m'zigwa akumidzi. Apadera ntchito ya zomangamanga wakale Kachisi wa Mfumukazi Hatshepsut.

Ku Egypt nyimbo

Ambiri anatsalira-ziboliboli zosonyeza oimba ndi instrumentalists kulankhula za kufunika kwa nyimbo pa moyo wa Aigupto. Anamveka kunyumba, m'munsili njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito, misa chikondwerero, miyambo akuguba. Mu masiku a XVIII mafumu kale yopemphereramo yachifumu. Waukulu nyimbo zoimbira: azeze, zitoliro lyres, choimbira cha zingwe zitatu, ng'oma ndi SISTROM (zitsulo ratchet). Mu nthawi ya XVIII mafumu nyimbo nyumba pamodzi ndi kukhala ankhondo ndi magulu oyamba ndi zida percussion ndi mapaipi.

Thutmose IV

Farao akulamulira za 1397-1388 BC, ndipo ndithu yochepa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku Amama, anafa ali aang'ono. Panthawi pa mpandowachifumu si zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha zipambano kwambiri. Thutmose IV zothandiza angapo a asilikali, koma ulemerero wa akalambula ake sanali kubwereza.

Iye anachita chidwi ndi kapangidwe kamangidwe ka akalambula ake adapereka masinfikisi ku michenga, wamaliza pomanga obelisk wa Thutmose III.