Persian ndawala Peter 1 (1722-1723). Chirasha Persian nkhondo

Persian kampeni 1722-1723 gg. Inachitika mu gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Caucasus ndi Dagestan. cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsa njira malonda ku India ndi ku Central Asia ku Europe.

prerequisites

Peter tcheru kwambiri kwa chuma ndi malonda. Mu 1716 iye anatumiza kumuwombera Bekovich-Cherkassky ku Bukhara ndi Khiva kudzera ku Nyanja Caspian. Pa ulendo wa kunali koyenera kuphunzira njira India, kufufuza madipoziti zagolide malire m'munsi mwa Amu Darya. Komanso, ntchitoyi anali kukakamiza Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu wa Bukhara mabwenzi ndi Khan wa Khiva kwa nzika Russia. Koma ulendo woyamba kunali koopsa kwathunthu. Khivan Khan anakopa Bekovich-Cherkasskiy kumwazikana detachment, ndiye anagwa pa magulu munthu, kuwawononga. Persian kampeni ya Peter 1, analinso chifukwa uthenga kwapatsidwa mwa oimira Israel Ori ku Syunik Melik. Mu iwo anafunsa Russian Tsar thandizo. Peter analonjeza adzayankha thandizo pambuyo pa mapeto a nkhondo ndi Sweden.

The vuto pa gombe

Mbiri ya Perisiya, m'ma 18 zinali zodzaza ndi kulalikira mwakhama mu East Caucasus. Motero, nkhani ku gawo zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Dagestan. zombo Persian olamulidwa ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Komabe, izi si kuthetsa mikangano olamulira m'deralo. Mu Dagestan zinachitika kusiyana zachiwawa. Iwo ndinayamba kukondana ndi Turkey. Zochitika zonsezi adabvutika Russia. boma anatsogolera malonda kudzera Dagestan East. Chifukwa ntchito ya Perisiya njira yonse ankanena anadula. Ogulitsa Russian anataya katundu yaikulu. Zonse zinthu kuti zoipa zimaonekera mu chuma cha boma.

Chifukwa mwamsanga

Kupambana posachedwapa maphunziro nkhondo Northern, Russia wayamba pokonzekera kutumiza asilikali kwa Caucasus. chifukwa mwachindunji anali kuba ndi kumpanda amalonda Russian mu Shamakhi. Kulinganiza kuukira anakhala Lezghian mwini Daoud Bey. August 7, 1721 gulu la asilikali anawononga Gostiny Dvor Russian masitolo, kumenyedwa ndi omwazika ndi clerks. Lezgins ndi Kumyks anagonjetsa katundu wokwanira pafupifupi hafu miliyoni rubles.

maphunziro

Russian Mfumu anamva kuti Shah Tahmasp II agonjetsedwa ndi Afghanistan mumzinda wawo. M'chigawo cha zipolowe anayamba. Panali ngozi kuti Turkey, masuku pamutu zinthu, woyamba kuukira ndi kukaonekera pamaso pa Russian mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Kulepheletsa Persian inasonyeza yowopsa kwambiri. Kukonzekera anayamba m'nyengo yozizira. Mu mzinda Volga wa Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver anayamba kumanga mopupuluma ngalawa. Mu 1714-1715 gg. Bekovich-Cherkasskii kujambula mapu a kum'mawa ndi kumpoto Caspian m'malire. Mu 1718-mamita kufotokoza anapanga Urusov ndi Kozhin, ndi 1719-1720. - Verdun ndi Soimonov. mapu kotero wonse kwa Nyanja ya Caspian wakhala analemba.

mapulani

Persian ndawala Peter 1 amayenera kuyamba ku Astrakhan. Ankafuna kupita m'mphepete mwa nyanja Nyanja Caspian. Apa kukuyenera analanda mzinda wa Derbent ndi Baku. Kenako, zinakonzedwa kupita ku mtsinje. Nkhuku, kungokhala pamenepo mpanda wolimba. Ndiye njira anapita Tiflis kuthandiza Georgia mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi Ottoman. Kuchokera kumeneko Flotilla anali kufika mu Russia. Mu chochitika cha mliri wa Nkhondo anakumana ndi Vakhtang VI (Mfumu ya Kartli) ndi Astvatsatur I (Chiameniya Catholicos). Astrakhan ndi Kazan anakhala malo maphunziro ndi kampeni bungwe. Mkamwa 80 munda wakhala analenga 20 battalions. chiwerengero chawo okwana anali 22 chikwi. Anthu. 196 zida zankhondo zidutswa. Pa njira Astrakhan Peter walola kuti zithandize Kalmyk Khan Ayuka. Chifukwa cha detachment analoŵa Kalmyk apakavalo, analipo 7 zikwi. Anthu. June 15, 1722 mfumu anafika ku Astrakhan. Apa anaganiza kutumiza 22,000 Asilikali pa nyanja, ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri dragoon regiments (anthu 9 zikwi ..) - pamtunda kuchokera Tsaritsyn. Lamulo lomaliza la Major General Kropotov. Pa dziko monga Don ndi Cossacks Chiyukireniya anatumizidwa. Komanso, ganyu anali 3000 Chitata. Mu Kazan Admiralty sitima zapamadzi zinamangidwa (okwana 200) kwa TH 6. Oyendetsa.

Manifesto kwa Anthu a Caucasus ndi Perisiya

Inasindikizidwa 15 (26) a July. Mlembi wa uthenga anali Dimitrie Cantemir, amene anali kuyang'anira msasa ofesi. kalonga uyu wogwidwa zinenero Oriental, zomwe zinamuthandiza mbali yofunika kwambiri mu msonkhano. Cantemir opangidwa wokometsedwa zachiarabu analenga chosindikizira wapadera. Manifesto anawamasulira ku Perisiya, Chitata ndi Turkey.

Gawo loyamba

Persian kampeni anayamba ku Moscow. Kuti imathandizira patsogolo pa mitsinje zosintha opalasa zinakonzedwa panjira. Pakutha May, Peter anafika ku Nizhny Novgorod, June 2 - mu Kazan, 9 - mu Simbirsk, 10 - kuti Samara, 13 - mu Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - kuti Astrakhan. 2,06 ku Nizhny Novgorod ndipo anasiya bwalo ndi zida komanso asilikali. Iwo anapita Astrakhan. zombo mizere asanu mmodzi. July 18, onse zombo m'nyanja. Chief anaikidwa Werengerani Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. July 20 zombo analowa ya Caspian. Pa sabata, Fedor Matveevich Apraksin Court anatsogolera kugombe la kumadzulo. Ndi chiyambi cha August kwa Kabardian anagwirizana magulu ankhondo. Iwo analamula Knyaz Aslan-Bek Murza ndi Cherkassy.

Endirey

July 27, 1722 panali ankafika mu Agrakhan Gulf. Russian mfumu kwa nthawi yoyamba kuponda pa nthaka ya Dagestan. Pa tsiku lomwelo, Petro anatumiza detachment kutsogoleredwa ndi anamenyela kugwila Endireya. Komabe, pa njira ndi kuthetsa gorge anali anaukira Kumyks. Ng'ombezi anali atabisala miyala ndi nkhalango. Iwo anakwanitsa kuzimitsa kanthu alonda 2 ndi asilikali 80. Komabe, kumuwombera mwamsanga regrouped ndipo anapita tingalimbanirane. mdani anagonjetsedwa, ndipo Erdirey kutenthedwa. Otsala olamulira severokumykskie anasonyeza yakwana zonse kutumikira Russian. August 13 asilikali analowa Tarki. Apa, Peter anakumana ndi ulemu. Shamhal Aldy Giray anapereka kwa Russian Tsar tirigu asilikali adalandira vinyo, chakudya ndi chakudya. Patapita nthawi, asilikali analowa Utamyshskoe chuma, yomwe inali Suli kutali Derbent. Kumeneko zinaukilidwa 10000th detachment wa Sultan Mahmud. Komabe, Russian anakwanitsa kudzatunga asilikali anathawa chifukwa cha yochepa nkhondo. mudzi unawotchedwa.

Derbent

The Russian Tsar anali wokhulupirika kwambiri amene anavomera kuti adzipereke, ndi amphamvu kwambiri kukana. Uthenga umenewu chifalikire mu County lapansi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Derbent kukana analibe. August 23 kazembe ndi nzika angapo otchuka anakumana Russian kutali ndi mzinda wawo. Onse anagwada awo, kubweretsa makiyi siliva Peter kuchipata. Russian tsar anatenga kazembe lofewa ndipo analonjeza kuti adzatumiza ankhondo mu mzinda. Komabe, mwansangala ali kutali ndi anthu onse, ndipo ambiri Shia. Iwo anali ndi udindo waukulu, monga anali chamankhwala chodalirika wa Safavid ulamuliro. Ndi August 30 Russian anabwera distilikiti. Rubas namanga linga pafupi atangochimwa gawo anthu Tabasarans. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Petro anali m'midzi yambiri. Kwa masiku angapo m'dera lonse, limene lili pakati pa mitsinje ndi Belbele Yalama, nawonso anasamuka ku kumvera kwa Russian.

Zimene Makonsolo

ambuye ang'onoang'ono mu Dagestan maganizo osiyana ndi maonekedwe a Russian. Haji Davud lakhala likukonza chitetezo cha. anzake Ahmed III ndi Surkhay anayesa kukhala madambwe awo, kudikira. Haji Davud kudziŵa bwino kuti yekha motsutsa anthu a sadzatha. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ankaganiza kuti Ahmed III ndi Surkhay kuthandiza, nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kusintha kugona ndi khama yaikulu ya Russian tsar - Turkey.

Akamaliza gawo loyamba

Persian kampeni angachite kujowina osati Dagestan, dera komanso pafupifupi lonse la Transcaucasia. asilikali Russian anayamba kukonzekera pantchito kum'mwera. Ndipotu, mbali yoyamba ya ulendo unali utatha. Pitirizani njira mikuntho kupewedwa pa nyanja, zomwe zinkachititsa kunyamula chakudya. Russian mfumuyo inasiya asilikali pansi msilikali Juncker mu Derbent, ndipo iye anapita ku Russia wapansi. Panjira ku mtsinje. Sulak iye anayika mpanda wolimba. Woyera. Kandachime chokaniora malire. Choncho, Peter na anyankhondo ace aenda pa madzi Astrakhan. Atachoka, lamulo la asilikali ku Caucasus Anam'samutsira Major General Matiushkin.

Rasht

Pofika chaka cha 1722 m'chigawo cha Gilan anaopseza Afghanstan ntchito yake. Latest adalowa pangano chinsinsi ndi Turkey. Wolamulira wa chigawo anasanduka thandizo Russian. Matyushkin anaganiza kufika mdani. Zinali zokwanira mofulumira anakonza zombo 14 amene anatenga 2 battalion ndi zida zankhondo. November 4 zombo mwa Astrakhan ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi anabwera Anzali. Small ankafika mzinda wa Rasht anatengedwa popanda kumenyana. Chaka chotsatira, m'chaka cha Guilan anatumizidwa phindu kuchuluka kwa 2 zikwi. Anthu. Asilikali ndi mfuti 24. Iwo akulamulidwa ndi Major General Levashov. Pamodzi asilikali Russian wotanganidwa m'chigawo lonse. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa ulamuliro pa kum'mwera kwa Caspian nyanja.

Baku

Wina wa Derbent Russian Mfumu anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa mkulu Lunin ndi kuitanidwa kuti mudzipereke. Komabe, Baku mukopedwe Daud Muzipemphera wothandizira. Iwo akhatairiswa tayu kutonga mu mzinda Lunin ndipo anakana thandizo la Russia. June 20, 1773 Matyushkin walunjika Baku ku Astrakhan. July 28 asilikali analowa mumzindawo. Mphamvu, tawalandira Matiushkin anaperekedwa mafungulo ku chipata. Pambuyo kutenga mzinda, asilikali ili 2 caravanserais ndi kukhazikika kulamulira mfundozo njira. Uthenga wakuti Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey anali kulemberana ndi Haji Daudi, Matyushkin analamula kuti Mum'gwire. Pambuyo pake, abale ake atatu komanso katundu amene anatumizidwa Astrakhan. Derge Quli Muzipemphera anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa Baku. Iye anakwezedwa udindo wa wamkulu. Monga commandant anaikidwa Prince Baryatinsky. Kampeni 1723 walola kuti akagwire pafupifupi kugombe lonse la nyanja Caspian. Zimenezi, chifukwa akuluakulu tsankho kwa malo a Haji Daudi. Anamwalira m'chigawo Caspian, iye anataya mphamvu zake yolenganso zimachitika palokha ndipo kwambiri m'dera la Lezgistan ndi Shirvan. Haji Davud anali pa nthawi nzika Turkey. Iwo analibe chilichonse pothandiza iye, chifukwa iwo anali otanganidwa ndi chikalata cha mavuto awo.

zotsatira

Persian inasonyeza bwino boma Russian. Iwo anali kwenikweni anakhazikitsa ulamuliro pa gombe la kum'mawa Caucasus. The kupambana wa asilikali Russian ndi mliri wa asilikali Ottoman amakakamizidwa Persia kulemba pangano mtendere. Anali m'ndende ku Petersburg. Malinga ndi mgwirizano wa 12 (23) mu September 1723, ku Russian anachoka m'madera ambiri. Ena mwa iwo anali m'chigawo Shirvan Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Anasamukira tsar Russian ndi Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Kuyambira patsogolo mu chigawo chapakati cha Caucasus Koma izo zinkayenera kuti anasiya. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti m'chilimwe cha 1723 pa dera la asilikali Ottoman analowa. Iwo anawononga Georgia, mayiko kumadzulo kwa Azerbaijan zamakono Armenia. Mu 1724, ndi Porte yosainidwa Constantinople panganoli. Malinga ndi iye, mfumu ina anazindikira kupeza Russian ufumu m'dera Caspian ndi Russia, nayenso - ufulu wake ku dera la Western Caucasus. Kenako kugona ndi Turkey utaipa kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa nkhondo yatsopano boma la Russia ndi chidwi mgwirizano ndi Perisiya, anabwerera kwa iye lonse littoral wa Ganja lonena ndi Rasht mgwirizano.

Pomaliza

Peter yake anayamba nkhondo yake. kupambana anaonetsetsa okwanira anthu, sitima ndi mfuti. Komanso, tsar Russian anatha tipezekemo thandizo la anzathu. Odzozedwawa anayankha pempho lake. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali a Russia kudzadza nkhondo Kabardian ganyu ndi Chitata. Koma maphunziro m'bungwe kunachitika kukwera ndi. Panapita si nthawi zambiri. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu msonkhano tili sitima zapamadzi. Iwo kuonetsetsa mosadodometsedwa kundipatsako kwa chakudya. Ofunika anali Russian ndi njira pankhondo. Popeza kuti derali anali achilendo, iwo anali amatha kudziletsa pafupifupi dera lonse. mavuto Big angatiombole Russian Turkey. Iwo anagwira kufinya kwambiri Haji Daudi. Nayenso, motsogoleredwa ndi Society ndi olamulira ena. Komabe, ngakhale sangathe kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulani a Peter. Ngati osati mikuntho yophukira mu Nyanja ya Caspian, n'zotheka ndithu akanakhala patsogolo kwambiri. Komabe, anaganiza zobwerera. m'magawo Komabe ankalamulira anali asilikali Russian. Anapeza forts angapo. Ku midzi ndi mizinda pa kayendetsedwe ka alonda Russian analipo. Pa Dera la kummawa Caucasus pa nthawi ya kuchoka kwa Peter ku Russia panalibe umodzi kusalankhula Pamudzi. Zinthu zovuta zina mapiri chosalanga wa adani. Ena ndi kuyesetsa kukana, koma kutenga nkhani lochitira wa asilikali ankakonda mudzipereke. Kumenyana zinachitika popanda kukhetsa magazi kapena awiri ang'onoang'ono pa mbali Russian. Izi zinali kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti olamulira m'dera ankadziwika khalidwe la Peter ndi ogonjera. Ngati iye ananena kuti sititumiza asilikali mu Pololera mzinda kwawo, ndiye iye kusunga lonjezo. Koma yovuta mokwanira kukana Russian analandira. Mfundo yofunika anali adani a Baku. Ndi Russian yogwiritsa ntchito mumzinda anayamba kulamulira pafupifupi gombe lonse. Zinali kwambiri kothandiza ndiponso yaikulu kudwala. Motsutsa likhale chigonjetso posachedwapa mu nkhondo Northern, kupambana ndawala Persian umaonekera kwambiri Russian tsar. Tiyeneranso adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti dziko mfumu analondola kusintha yogwira adzatenge boma Europeanization. Zonsezi pamodzi wapanga Russia wamphamvu moona dziko, zomwe nawo timakhala ndi amene anakhala kuvomerezedwa. Peter kukwera ku East Transcaucasia kuonetsetsa unimpeded malonda amalonda Russian. Kwa iwo, misewu anali otseguka kachiwiri, iwo asiya kubala imfa. Ndipo kudzadza chuma achifumu. Alonda anatsalira ku midzi ya asilikali ndi mipanda anapitiriza kutumikira kumeneko mpaka kusaina mapangano atsopano mu 1732 ndi cha 1735. mapangano zimenezi n'zofunika Peter kuthetsa pa kumalire ndi kupewa kusiyana ndi Turkey.