Wamagazi Mary Mfumukazi ya England: yonena, mu ulamuliro

Maria Ine Tudor (zaka za moyo wake - 1516-1558) - Mfumukazi ya England, amatchedwanso amagazi Mary. Iye sanatenge kwawo chipilala kuti palibe (yekha mu Spain, komwe mwamuna wake wobadwa). Today dzina la Mfumukazi makamaka kugwirizana ndi ziwawa. Inde, panali anthu ambiri zaka pamene pa mpando wachifumu anali magazi Mary. Malinga ndi mbiri ya ulamuliro wake kwalembedwa kwambiri mabuku, ndi chidwi mu umunthu wake saiwala, ndi lero. Ngakhale kuti mu England tsiku la imfa yake (nthawi yomweyo Elizabeth I anakwera mpando wachifumu) anakondwerera ngati holide ya dziko, mkaziyo sanali nkhanza yambiri zinkaimira. Nditawerenga nkhaniyo, inu muziwona izo.

Maria makolo a mwana

Maria Makolo - English Tudor King Henry VIII ndi Ekaterina Aragonskaya, wamng'ono Spanish wolemekezeka. Tudor panthawi imeneyo anali adakali wamng'ono kwambiri, ndipo Henry anali yekhayo wolamulira lachiwiri la England zokhudza izo.

Mu 1516, Koroleva Ekaterina anabereka mwana wamkazi, Mary chake chokha yotheka mwana (iye anali kale angapo zinalephereka yobereka). bambo a mtsikanayo anakhumudwa, koma zoyembekezeredwa zikamera oloŵa m'tsogolo. Mary kwambiri, wotchedwa ngale mu korona wake. Iye chidwi chikhalidwe olimba ndi lalikulu mwana wake wamkazi. Mtsikanayo anali kulira kawirikawiri. Iye ankaphunzira mwakhama. Aphunzitsi ankamuphunzitsa Latin, English, music, Greek, akuimba harpsichord ndi kuvina. Tsogolo Koroleva Mariya woyamba Magazi chidwi mabuku achikhristu. Ake amakopeka kwambiri nkhani za wakale wankhondo-atsikana ndi akazi ofera.

Ofuna amuna

Mfumukazi atazunguliridwa ndi retinue ambiri, logwirizana ndi malo ake: ndodo panyumba ya mfumu, wotsogolera, adzakazi ndi nannies, dona-namkungwi. Kukula, Mariya amagazi anayamba ochita falconry ndi mahatchi kukwera. Nkhawa za banja lake, monga mwachizolowezi mafumu, anayamba kuyambira ukhanda. Mtsikanayo zaka 2 bambo ake zinasaina pangano za chinkhoswe wa mwana wake wamkazi kuti mwana wa Francis Ine, ndi French dauphin. mgwirizano Komabe, chinathetsedwa. phungu wina kwa mwamuna Mary 6 wazaka anali Karl V Gabsburg, Holy Roma, amene anali wamkulu kuposa mkwatibwi wake wa zaka 16. Komabe, kalonga analibe nthawi okhwima ukwati.

Catherine sanakondwere ndi Henry

Pa chaka 16 wa ukwati Henry VIII wa, limene analibe olandira wamwamuna, anaganiza kuti ukwati wake Catherine kukondweretsa Mulungu. Kubadwa kwa mwana wapathengo umboni kuti nkhaniyo ndi chakuti sanali Henry. nkhaniyi likukhalira, anali mkazi wake. Mfumu dzina lake wapathengo lake Henry Fitzroy. Iye anapatsa mwana wotchuka wake, nyumba dukedom. Komabe, kuti wolandira Henry, iye sakanakhoza, anapatsidwa chakuti zoti kulengedwa kwa Tudor mafumu anali okayikitsa.

mkazi woyamba Catherine anali Kalonga Uelskiy Artur. Iye anali mwana wamkulu wa tate wa mafumu a. Patapita miyezi 5 pambuyo ukwati, iye anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Ndiye Henry VII la, za maganizo a matchmakers Spanish anakonza chinkhoswe wa Henry, mwana wake wachiwiri (iye anali ndi zaka 11), ndi Catherine. Ukwati ayenera mayina pamene iwo akule. Kukwaniritsa chikwaniritsidwe lotsiriza la atate wake, pa zaka 18 Henry VIII anakwatira mkazi wa m'bale wake. Childs mpingo analetsa mabanja monga umafananirako. Komabe, monga zosiyana personages yamphamvu anatipatsa chilolezo choti papa uyu.

Kutha kwa banja, mkazi watsopano Henry

Ndipo tsopano, mu 1525, iye anapempha Papa chifukwa chosankha chilekano. Clement VII sanakanepo Komabe, ndipo alibe anapereka chilolezo chake. Iye analamula kuti "malonda mfumu" akhoza omangika kwambiri. Henry anafotokoza mkazi wake, maganizo ake pa n'zachabechabe ndipo zoipa za ukwati wawo. Yezu ambvundza kuti simukugwirizana chisudzulo ndi kupita ansembe, koma mkaziyo anati m'pang'ono pomwe. Izi wathedwa yokha ndi tsoka unenviable kwambiri - zomera nyumba kutali ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi kulekana ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Zaka zingapo anakokera pa "nkhani ya Mfumu." Arhiepiskop Kenterberiysky ndi Kanyaniko wa Church yoikidwiratu Henry potsiriza ananena ukwati null alionse. Mfumu chodzakwatirana Anne Boleyn, ankakonda wake.

Advertisement Mary wapathengo

Ndiye Clement VII asankha kupatukana Henry Church. Iye adalalika mwana wake wamkazi ndi zatsopano Mfumukazi Elizabeth wapathengo. T. Cranbury poyankha kuti analengeza Mfumu wapathengo ndi mwana Mary Catherine. Iye akumanidwa mwayi onse tizimudalira heiress.

Henry anakhala mtsogoleri wa tchalitchi cha Anglican

Nyumba ya Malamulo 1534 anasaina "Act pa suprematsii" limene Mfumu anatsogolera mpingo wa England. Ena mwa mfundo za chipembedzo akhala ndiponso kubwereza zimafika. Choncho panali mpingo wa England, amene adali, titero Midway pakati pa Chiprotestanti ndi Chikatolika. Amene anakana izo, anayesedwa oukira ndi pansi chilango chokhwima. Kuyambira tsopano analandidwa katundu a Mpingo wa Katolika, ndi levies Church Ndayamba kufika mu chuma cha mfumukazi.

The mavuto a Mary

Wamagazi Mary ndi imfa ya mayi ake amasiye. Anakhala amadalira akazi a atate wake. Anne Boleyn kudana naye, mwa njira iliyonse akuseka ake, ndipo ngakhale ntchito za kumenya. chakuti nyumba a kamodzi kwa amake tsopano anakhala mkazi amene anavala chisoti zokongoletsera, ndi Catherine, Mary wachititsa mavuto aakulu. Chifukwa akanatero anawachonderera Spanish agogo ndi agogo, koma ndi nthawi kuti anthuwa anamwalira nyumba yawo ndi mavuto okwanira mu dziko lawo.

Zinali sakhalitsa chimwemwe Anne Boleyn - zisanafike anabadwa mwana m'malo mwana, kuyembekezera ndi mfumu analonjeza ake. akale 3 zokha ndipo iye anakhala mfumukazi Catherine anapulumuka okha kwa miyezi 5. Anna mlandu boma ndi chigololo. Mkazi anabwera scaffold mu May 1536, ndi Elizabeth, mwana wake wamkazi, anatsimikizidwa wapathengo, monga tsogolo woyamba amagazi Mary Tudor.

Mariya winayo ondipeza

Ndi pamene heroine athu anavomera monyinyirika kuzindikira Henry VIII mutu wa Mpingo Anglican, mu mtima wake akhala Catholic, kenako anabwerera Maapatimenti ndi mwayi kwa nyumba ya mfumu. Wamagazi Mary Tudor Komabe, si m'banja.

Henry masiku angapo pambuyo pa imfa ya Boleyn anakwatira mdzakazi wa ulemu, Dzheyn Seymur. Iye chisoni Maria ndi mwamuna wake kum'nyengelela kubwerera ku nyumba yachifumu. Seymour anabereka Henry VIII, amene nthawi imeneyo anali kale ndi zaka 46, mwana yaitali, Edward VI, monga anamwalira malungo puerperal. Amadziwika kuti Mfumu kuyamikilidwa anakonda mkazi wachitatu kuposa ena, ndipo anapatsa kuti wamuika m'manda pafupi manda ake.

ukwati wachinayi mfumu zinalephereka. Powona Annu Klevskuyu, mkazi wake, mu mtundu, iye anakwiya kwambiri. Henry VIII pambuyo chisudzulo kuchokera Cromwell ake anaphedwa, mtumiki wake woyamba, amene anali kulinganiza wa matchmaking. Ndi Anna, iye analekana patapita miyezi isanu, malinga ndi mgwirizano ukwati, osati kulowa mu asapita chithupithupi. Iye anamupatsa chilekano atalandira mutu wa alongo, ndi cholowa yaing'ono. Relations pakati pa iwo anali pafupifupi ofanana, komanso ubale ndi ana a Mfumu ya Cleves.

Katherine Gotvard, zotsatirazi tsatanetsatane mayi Mary mutu mu Tower, patatha zaka 1.5 banja, chigololo. Kwa zaka 2 asanafe, Mfumu anali kupereka ukwati chimodzi. Ekaterina Parr kusamalira ana, kusamalira mwamuna wake wodwala, anali mbuye mwa bwalo. Mkazi uyu adakopa mfumu kukhala womasuka ndi ana ake aakazi, Elizabeth ndi Mariya. Ekaterina Parr anapulumuka mfumu ndipo ndidapulumuka kuphedwa chifukwa cha nzeru zake ndi mwayi waukulu.

Imfa ya Henry VIII, Mariya anazindikira yovomerezeka

Henry VIII anafa January 1547, bequeathing kuti Edward, mwana wake, korona. Ngati mbeu yake anafa, iye amayenera kutenga ana aakazi onse - Elizabeth ndi Mariya. mafumu awa Pamapeto pake anazindikira kukhala oyenera. Izi anawapatsa mwayi kudalira korona ndi banja yabwino.

Edward ulamuliro ndi imfa yake

Maria chifukwa chotsatira kwambiri Chikatolika anazunzidwa. Iye ankafuna kusiya England. Mfumu Edward chosaneneka maganizo amene anatenga mpando pambuyo pake. Potsatira malangizo a Ambuye Mtetezi, anaganiza kulilembanso chifuniro cha atate wake. Wolowa analengeza Dzheyn Gray 16 wazaka, Edward ndi msuweni wachiwiri ndi mdzukulu wa Henry VII. Iye anali Chiprotestanti, ndi mwana wamkazi wa Northumberland.

Edward VI anadwala mwadzidzidzi masiku 3 pambuyo probate analemba iwo. Izi zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1553. Iye anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. Malinga ndi Baibulo limodzi, imfa chifukwa chakuti TB, monga wakhala kuyambira ubwana matenda. Komabe, pali buku lina. Kalonga wa Northumberland m'zochitika Muzisamala amachotsedwa mfumu ya madokotala. bedi lake anaonekera Wanyanga. Iye akuti anapereka Edward mlingo wa Arsenic. Pamenepo mfumu anamva oipa anatsirizika pa zaka 15.

Maria amakhala mfumukazi

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, mfumukazi anakhala Dzheyn Gray, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo ndi zaka 16. Komabe, anthu anapanduka, osati kuzindikira izo. Patangotha mwezi, Mariya anakhala mfumu. Iye anali ndi nthawi iyi kale zaka 37. Pambuyo ulamuliro wa Henry VIII, amene analengeza yekha mtsogoleri wa tchalitchi ndipo anachotsedwa ndi Papa izo, pafupi theka mchitidwe onse ndi mipingo zawonongedwa mu boma. yovuta anali kusankha atamwalira Edward amagazi Mariya. England, amene iye anatengera, anakhumudwa kwambiri. Izo zinkayenera kuti mwamsanga atachira. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ali kuphedwa Dzheyn Gray, mwamuna wake, Gilforda Dadli, ndipo bambo ake Dzhona Dadli.

Kuphedwa kwa Jane ndi mwamuna wake

Wamagazi Mary, amene yonena kawirikawiri ankaimira mitundu mdima, mwachibadwa sanali amasiyana ndi chizolowezi chiwawa. Iye sanathe kutumiza msuwani wake pa chipika chopping. Chifukwa amagazi Mary tinaganiza kuti achite izo? Iye ankadziwa kuti Jane - chabe chuma mu manja a anthu ena, amene sanafune kuti akhale mkazi. mlandu wake ali pamwamba ndi mwamuna wake poyamba anali pakati chabe mwambo wa. Koroleva Mariya amagazi ankafuna kundikhululukira angapo. Komabe, tsogolo la Jane T. Wyatt anaganiza kupanduka, umene unayamba mu January 1554 February 12 chaka chomwecho, Jane ndi Guilford adawadula khosi.

Mary Board wamagazi

Maria kamodzinso anazungulira yekha ndi amene anali mpaka posachedwapa pakati pa adani ake. Iye ankadziwa kuti iwo akhoza kumuthandiza pa kayendetsedwe ka boma. Kukhazikitsanso dzikoli inayamba ndi chitsitsimutso cha Chikatolika, yemwe munapanga amagazi Mary. Kuyesa kutsutsa-Reformation - monga amatchedwa chinenero sayansi. mchitidwe umenewu ambiri akhala ankamangidwanso. Komabe, mu ulamuliro wa Mary anali kupereka zambiri Aprotestanti. Chimoto panja unayaka ndi February 1555 anasunga umboni kwambiri za mmene anthu ululu, kuzunzika chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo. About 300 anawatentha. Mwa anthu amenewa anali Latimer, Ridley, Cramner ndi hierarchs mpingo wina. Mfumukazi analamula kuti kulekera amene anavomera kukhala wa Chikatolika, anakumana ndi moto. Kwa nkhanza onsewa Mary ndipo analandira dzina lakuti amagazi.

ukwati Mariya

Mfumukazi anakwatira mwana wa Charles V Philip (yotentha 1554). Mwamuna zaka 12 wocheperapo Mary. Malinga ndi pangano la ukwati, iye sakanakhoza kulowerera mu kuthamanga kwa dzikolo, ndipo anabadwira ku banja la ana anali kukhala olowa wachifumu English. Philippe ngati kupha Mary amayenera kubwerera ku Spain. British Mfumukazi ankadana mwamuna. Ngakhale Maria anachita pofuna nyumba yamalamulo kuvomereza kusankha kaya kuti Philippe ankaona mfumu ya England anamukaniza izi. Mwana Charles V anali wodzikuza ndiponso kumusangalatsa. Iye anafika naye retinue zinthu mosadzilemekeza.

kusiyana wamagazi pakati pa Spain ndi English anayamba kutenga malo m'misewu atafika Filipo.

Matenda ndi imfa

Maria ali zizindikiro za mimba zinawululidwa mu September. Tidalandira chifuniro malinga ndi Filipo anali kuti regent mwana sanakwanitse zaka ambiri. Komabe, mwana sanabadwe. Mary Elizabeth yoikidwa m'malo mlongo wake.

Mu May 1558, zinadziwika kuti mimba kungoganiza anali chizindikiro cha matenda. Maria akudwala malungo, kupweteka kwa mutu, kusowa tulo. Iye anayamba kuiwala kwake. M'chaka mfumukazi chotenga chimfine. Elizabeth anali mwalamulo anaikidwa kukhala wolowa wa November 6, 1558 Marie anamwalira pa November 17 chaka chomwecho. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti matenda omwe Mfumukazi anafa - cysts yamchiberekero kapena khansa uterine. Mary ali m'manda ku Westminster Abbey. Wachifumu akamwalira makolo Elizabeth I.