Ivan Mazepa - ngwazi yadziko kapena wachinyengo. chithunzi mbiri

Ivan Mazepa - mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri Hetman Cossack Ukraine. Mu mbiri ya kumanzere chizindikiro monga ndale, amene anamenyera ufulu mkhalidwe wawo. Mu 2009, ku Ukraine dongosolo la Mazeppa unakhazikitsidwa, ndi kupereka chifukwa cha kuphunzira mu zokambirana za dziko, chifundo ndi kumanga anthu.

Pedigree Ivan Mazepa

Mazepa Ivan Stepanovich anabadwa mu March 20, 1640, Angelezi, magwero ena amati Patapita zaka zingapo m'dera lakumidzi Kamenz, kenako anadzatchedwa Mazeppists, pafupi White Church. Mwana anali mwana wa olemekezeka Chiyukireniya. Ivan ndi mayi Mariya Magdalina anali wolemekezeka, ophunzira mkazi wake malingaliro andale. Pa moyo wake, iye anali mlangizi mwana. Otsiriza zaka 13 moyo wake anali Mayi Aakulu wa Kiev Mapanga obisika.

Atate Ivan Mazepa Stepan, Adam anatumikira monga hetman atazunguliridwa Vygovskogo.

mapangidwe

Kuyambira ndili mwana Ivan Mazepa maphunziro kwambiri. Chuma cha atate wake, iye anaphunzira kukwera chuma saber, anaphunzira sayansi zosiyanasiyana. Kenako anakhala wophunzira wa Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. Zoyenerera Kamwana chidwi ndi ntchito za Agiriki ndi Aroma, amamuchititsa mabuku European amalankhula zinenero zingapo.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, atate wake anatumiza Ivan kuti utumiki Pages 'mfumu Polish. Pa bwalo la Ivan Mazepa kumaonekera kupangidwa, ikuphukira m'banja lachifumu. Iye anatumidwa kupeza maphunziro patsogolo mu mayunivesite kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. M'zaka za maphunziro, akhafunika nthawi kukaona Italy, France, Germany ndi Holland.

Tsogolo Chiyukireniya hetman chidwi anthu pa Mwachidule. Ndi mphamvu ya maganizo ake, koma blandishments ndi kunja kuwagulitsa lipenga lake khadi nthawi ya Nyamulani makwerero.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Ukraine

Ivan Mazepa, amene yonena ladzala ndi zolakwika ndi lero, afika kutali pamwamba pa ntchito za ndale. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII Cossack Ukraine sanali bwino za nthawi. Mayiko zambiri atatu Hetman, amene ankatsogoleredwa ndi mphamvu osiyana yachilendo.

Peter Doroshenko anali chidole cha mfumu yakumeneko Turkey, amene anali zofuna zake zandale mderali.

Getman Samoylovich unachitikira malo ovomereza-Russian.

Ivan Mazepa, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, anachotsedwa bwalo la nkhondo ndi Co-antchito, pa zina - kulankhulana ndi pannoy m'banja. Mulimonse mmene mwina, mu 1664 Jan Kazimierz anatumiza asilikali kuti ndi Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine, Mazepa mnthupi ndipo anapita kumudzi kwawo kwa bambo wake.

Mu 1665, pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake, Ivan Mazepa anatenga malo ake ndipo anakhala epicalyx Chernigov.

Kulota ntchito ndale, iye akwatira wolemera wamasiye Anna Fridrikevich, umene posachedwapa wamwalira ndi kusiya iye mwayi waukulu ndi maulalo zothandiza. Atate wa Anna Umuna Polovets kukhala kalembedwe ambiri, amapereka zothandizira mipingo yawo ya mwana wake ndi kulinganiza mu utumiki kwa hetman Doroshenko. Pa "Turkey" Hetman Mazepa chikhulupiriro ndi kuchenjerera anakhala mkulu tikalowe asilikali kenako kalaliki.

Mu 1674 Doroshenko amatumiza Mazepa mu Krymskoe Hanstvo ndi Turkey. Mu mphatsoyo Sultan transmits nevolnikov- Cossack kumanzere banki. Mu Crimea, chimandiswa Ivan Sirko, koma timuphe, ndipo transmits Samoylovich. Katundu kukopa anthu ena akunena amati moto kulankhula Mazepa anapulumutsa moyo wake.

Ivan Mazepa, amene yonena mwadzaza ankasinthana phompho la tsoka, anakhala kusamalira ana a Kumanzere Bank Hetman, ndipo kenako utumiki okhulupirika anaikidwa esaul. Samoylovich zambiri anatumiza Mazepa mu Russia, kumene iwo anapambana mokomera ankakonda mfumu, Prince Golitsyn.

hetman

Mu July 1687 Mazeppa, ndi nawo ogula ake anasankhidwa hetman la Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine, ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo Samoylovich pamodzi ndi banja ndipo anamuperekeza anatumizidwa ku Siberia.

Magwero ena amati Mazepa ziphuphu Golitsyn thandizo, ena kutsutsa mfundo imeneyi.

Komabe, 1689, pamene Russian wachifumu wamng'ono Peter, awiriwa anakantha pamwamba pa ubwenzi. Anakumana Hetman anapereka wamng'ono Ufumu malangizo okhudza mfundo zakunja Poland.

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Ukraine panali zipolowe. Mu 1690, zipolowe anayamba Petrik. Mazepa tizidalira asilikali awo ndi thandizo Peter, kuponderezedwa mwankhanza izo. Ambiri a m'nthawi yake ankakhulupirira kuti Ivan Mazepa, mbiri ya Board amene anali wamagazi kwambiri, ndi mnyamata sanali amasiyana kukhulupirika ndi kudzipereka. m'nthawi yathu anatcha makhalidwe awa tanthauzo ndale.

Mgwirizano ndi Charles XII

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ndi Great kumpoto nkhondo, umene unatha mu Russia kwa zaka 21 Kumanzere Bank Hetman anakankhira mu mgwirizano ndi mfumu Swedish.

Mu 1706, pambuyo Russian ndekha ndi mfumu ya Sweden, Mazepa pakati kudziyimira pawokha wa Little Russia. Peter Ine kudzudzula kusintha chomwe chinali kubwera Cossack hetman anabwera nthawi zonse, koma iwo akukhulupirira Iye sanafune.

Mu 1708, Mazepa Ivan Stepanovich anakana kulowa usilikali mfumu, pamodzi ndi mbali yaing'ono ya Cossacks ndi, makamaka akapitawo, anapita Charles.

Peter Ine anakwiya, thangwi iye atawira Mazepa osati munthu wamng'ono angakuthandizeni koma mnzanga.

Mu 1709 Mazepa tikumupachikaso mfumu zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko chotheratu cha Zaporizhzhya Sich.