The bwino kuya ndi chinthu zaka biliyoni zitatu zapitazi

Kodi mokhomerera lero? The wapamtima kwambiri bwino Mwachitsanzo: kupereka madzi. Childs, chotero madzi osaya bwino, ndipo zinatha kuonjezera mwamsanga pamene aquifer kukufika. Chitsanzo china chimene chili pa milomo aliyense: chitsime cha hydrocarbon m'zigawo, mbali ya mafuta ndi gasi madipoziti. Popeza kuti n'zotheka kubowola lapansi kutumphuka makilomita ambiri chifukwa cha sayansi, osati "golide wakuda", pafupifupi sindikukumbukira.

zaka zake zoposa makumi anayi kuchokera tsiku limenelo, onse pa za Kola Peninsula, pafupi ndi tauni ya kumalo ozizira m'dera Murmansk, izo chinaikidwa dzenje akuya mu mbiri ya kuboola. cholinga chake chinali "choyera" sayansi - anali kufufuza lithosphere kumene pa akuya kwambiri, asayansi amayenera kupeza zambiri zosangalatsa. M'badwo wa miyala Anaphunzitsidwa monga akuti mu zaka mabiliyoni atatu - panthawi Earth adakali wamng'ono kwambiri.
Zaka zoyambirira pobowola si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera ntchito wamba pa kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi madipoziti. Ngakhale zida ntchito mndandanda bwino. mamita 2 zikwi m'munsimu chingwe kubowola anayamba kumaliza machubu omwe ntchito popanga wa kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa - makilomita ambiri mizati zitsulo chabe kuti sikungakuthandizeni kulemera yake. The pazipita akwaniritsa drillstring kulemera - 200 matani.

Asanafike chilemba 7-kilometre, Kola ultradeep wayamba kupereka chithunzi chenicheni kwa asayansi. Boer mokhomerera lubwe umodzi wokha wa kachulukidwe osiyana, amene si ankaganiza m'malo ndi basalt. Pa kuya makilomita mazana asanu tidawapeza miyala ya miyala mkuwa. Pambuyo zina makilomita 1.5 anakweza thanthwe chitsanzo zikuchokera zikufanana kwambiri chitsanzo dothi malo Soviet ku mwezi. Kutentha anakula kwambiri mofulumira kuposa pa kuwerengetsera ongolankhula. A wapezeka mu chitsanzo kwa akuya 6.7 Km a mafupa organic zapangitsa asayansi kukayikira nthawi yoyambirira ya moyo padziko lapansi.
Akafike akuya mamita 7000, chitsime kuya adamfunsa ndi njira zamakono kwambiri pa nthawiyo. Mwa ndiye pobowola kwambiri anakula chifukwa ndimeyi pa mwala magawo ndi mphamvu zochepa. Pobowola mkombero anatenga tsiku lonse, amene pobowola leni - maola 4 yonseyi pali nyamuka wozengereza chingwe kubowola m'malo unusable kwa ulonda awa ndi kubowola pang'ono. Ngati wedges imawazidwa downhole thanthwe inabala pamene kuyesa kukweza yopuma ndime. Izo zinkayenera kuti manowa ndi kupitiriza pobowola chida kupatuka, mogwirizana ndi nthambi yatsopano.

Popeza 1979, pa Kola ultradeep zinaoneka udindo boma la "chitsime akuya mu dziko." Mu 1983, drillers atenga 12 kilometre mzere. Chaka chotsatira, chifukwa breakage pa danga anayenera kuyamba kachiwiri kwa makilomita 7. Mu 1990, Guinness World Records analemba mbiri chikwaniritsidwa mu nthambi yatsopano. Iye anayima pa mamita 12.262. A choyamba ndime breakage ndiye kutha kwa polojekiti.

Tikuyembekezera latsopano, luso chipangizo, koma iye konse anaonekera. Kuthamangitsidwa ndalama. boma sanafune kupitiriza "Ulendo kwa Center a Dziko Lapansi". Mu 2008, dzenje kuya katundu ankaiphwasula ndi zida zake. Tsopano anasiya ndi nyumba zake pang'onopang'ono anawonongedwa. Akatswiri amanena kuti mukhoza kubwezeretsa Kola wapamwamba-kwambiri, ife basi kupeza penapake mamiliyoni ambiri rubles ...