Dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky, "Vasily Terkin": a mtundu wanyimbo, mwachidule

Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka osati zoweta komanso nkhani mabuku dziko ndi Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Mbali ntchito - ndakatulo. Iye anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati owerenga, ndi lero amaona chitsanzo chabwino cha asilikali nyimbo.

About wolemba

Dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910-1971) kubanja yosavuta mudzi wa anthu osauka. Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu anayamba kulemba ndakatulo yochepa nyuzipepala yakumeneko. Wotchuka ndakatulo M. Isakovsky ovomerezeka zolemba zake ndipo anakhala awathandize bwinobwino kuti tsogolo la wolemba wotchuka. Mu 1930 Twardowski analemba ndakatulo zingapo ndipo limafalitsa magulu ndakatulo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, ngakhale kuti banja ndi achibale a akuvutika m'kupita kwa collectivization wake, dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky mu angapo ntchito zake zinasonyeza ndale chipani m'mudzi ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Nkhondo isanayambe anagwira ntchito nyuzipepala Leningrad, amene choyamba lofalitsidwa lalifupi wake woyamba pang'ono ndakatulo za amene anadzakhala wotchuka Vasily Terkin. Pamene nkhondoyo anayamba, wolemba ndakatulo anapita kutsogolo, ndipo zaka zonse nkhondo pang'onopang'ono analenga ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, zimene zinabweretsa iye kutchuka Union.

chilengedwe

Imodzi mwa ntchito otchuka nkhondo mutu ndi "Vasily Terkin". Polemba chinenero cha essays chikufanana lingaliro la wolemba: kulenga moona ngwazi yadziko, kuti zikanakhala zomveka ndi mosavuta aliyense. Ndipo analemba nkhani yake monga ndakatulo, womenya, msilikali yosavuta, amene anadutsa nkhondo lonse. Ngakhale kuti palibe limatchula Komabe, lemba la kuzindikira nkhondo: ndi mthunzi wa asilikali Soviet pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, nkhondo pa Volga, Dnieper. Machaputala oyamba zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Western Front ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati owerenga.

Features

Zojambula Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin", ndi mtundu wanyimbo amene anali, mfundo, ndi chikhalidwe cha ndakatulo iyi, ngakhale kutsutsa chipani kufufuza wakhala wotchuka chifukwa chakuti wolemba anasankha khalidwe lake chachikulu si anthu a lamulo kapena mtsogoleri wa MCP ndi munthu wamba mu chifanizo limene aliyense msilikali wa asilikali Soviet mwina akhoza kupeza yekha. Terkin - ndi fano gulu la asilikali, ndipo alibe chifukwa iliyonse wolemba zikutsindika typicality la ngwazi za kukubwera wake.

Nkhani "Vasily Terkin", ndi mtundu wanyimbo amene walola ndakatulo ndi kosavuta ndiponso yosavuta kulongosola malingaliro awo pa pepala, achiyankhulo paulendowo. Twardowski zobisika cholinga analemba ntchito yake monga ndakatulo ndi. chakuti polemba chinenero ichi kumapereka lingaliro ndi lyric-epic amajambulapo maluwa okongola yoopsa Nkhani mu mawonekedwe ndime. Ndipo la ntchito za moona epic mu mzimu, popeza analanda mzimu ndi maganizo a asilikali osati wa Soviet Army, komanso mtundu wonse panthawi ya nkhondo.

amajambulapo maluwa okongola wowerengeka

olemba ankakonda mtundu wanyimbo si mwangozi. Ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" pafupi m'chinenero chawo, phokoso ndi mzimu wa nthano ndi, monga ife tikudziwira, mawonekedwe ndime anakulirakulirabe, ndipo pali monga wowerengeka epic songs, monga ngati nthano, nthano ya Mulimonse amunamuna. Ndipo wolemba akhale kwathunthu mfundo imeneyi: akuoneka kukhala mwadala akukana contrivances zolembalemba ndiponso zinenero akufotokoza maganizo ake ndi ophweka, chinenero, wofanana ndi zimene anali pa nthawi wakale nyimbo ndakatulo olembedwa. mawonekedwe Izi zinamupatsa kubwereka kwambiri ya kulankhula anthu. Ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" zikhazikitsidwe folklore chikhalidwe. Lodzala ndi rhymes, mawu, miyambi, ndi zina mwa ziganizo ndiponso mawu lonse ntchito, anakhala phraseology, zimene zikusonyeza mlingo wapamwamba wa kutchuka ngwazi ya.

zikuchokera

Ndakatulo "Vasily Terkin", zili lake lofunikira kubalana wa moyo wankhondo, anakhala kotero muwerengi wokondedwa, ndendende chifukwa ndi ansangala ndiponso olimbikitsa chithunzi akupereka ochiritsira zolimba nkhondo. mankhwala imakhala mitu makumi atatu, oyamba woyambitsa ndi epilogue; Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo kamodzi pa chiyambi ikuti kuti buku lake chiyambi ngakhale mapeto. lingaliro limeneli anafuna makamaka mutu wake wa osawerengeka a nthawi, pa msewu yaitali ya moyo ndi imfa. Iwo amapereka wapadera nthanthi mphamvu ya mankhwala, kukakamiza owerenga kuti aganizire za tsogolo la mavuto ambiri, za mavuto nkhondo. Mutu wa "Kuwoloka" maganizo anazindikira otsutsa kwambiri ndi chachikulu chapakati nawo ntchito lonse.

okhutira

Aliyense ndimeyi laperekedwa kwa Zomwe zinachitika ndi ku moyo wa ngwazi wokondedwa. Ndipo wolemba silitchula pa chifaniziro cha zochita zozizwitsa za chikhalidwe, m'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri atachitira mu malo osavuta mu nthawi ya bata, pa kusintha, oimika magalimoto ndi zina zotero. Mutu wa ndakatulo "Vasily Terkin" - fano imeneyi msirikali moyo, amene, ngakhale zinthu zoopsa za kunkhondo, sanataye chidaliro ndi chikhulupiriro mwa chigonjetso. Ngakhale zinthu zinafika povuta kwambiri, iye sachita mphwayi, ndipo anam'konda owerenga.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ntchito ndi izi: ikulongosola za chintchito Terkina pa Kuoloka, nkhondo yake ndi imfa, khalidwe fano pochitika, ndi yanthaŵi a ndege downed, ndi ngwazi nkhomaliro ndi msilikari wakale. Mu zithunzi izi, wolemba amayesetsa kusonyeza khalidwe lake kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana: aliyense mitu imeneyi, zikuoneka kuti owerenga zinthu kuzindikira amenewo kudzera mwa omwe anadutsa zikwi asilikali Soviet.

nkhani

Apa Terkin kusambira anawoloka achisanu mtsinje popereka uthenga wofunika kwambiri za malo a mdani ndi zochita za asilikali Soviet. wolemba si kutsindika ungwazi chochita zinthu zimenezi, pa dzanja lina, iye limafotokoza zochitika m'njira kuti owerenga amadziwa kuti njira yomweyo mukanachita msilikali wina aliyense pa malo Terkina. Mu mfundo imeneyi, monga, ndithudi, mu ndakatuloyi lonse, momveka ndinamva liwu la wolemba, amene, titero mosawoneka pa ndafotokoza, kupereka maganizo awo, anati, zimene zikuchitika, ndi kuti amapereka nkhani lodalirika ndipo unali woyenerera.

Ambiri, chithunzi cha owerenga mu Twardowski anaganiza: iye nthawi amalowa ndi kukambirana ndi khalidwe lake, apita kwa iye ndi mafunso osiyanasiyana, iye akufotokoza chisoni wake kapena kusirira kwa iwo. Mu chaputala "Pa kuimitsidwa" anamva mtima makamaka ofunda wolemba ndakatulo kuti ngwazi wake. Mlembi amasonyeza Terkina mu ambiri ndi kuzindikira malo mpumulo wa asilikali, ndi accordion mu manja ake. Mwina chithunzichi khalidwe ali makamaka amakonda owerenga, monga masiku ku ziphunzitso mwambo wa wamba wamba wolimbikira ntchito, amene panthawi ya mpumulo akuimba ndi atenge harmonica. N'zosadabwitsa kuti manda a Basil akufotokozedwa ngati accordionist ndi.

chithunzi

Mu mutu kucheza Terkina ndi msilikari wakale, Twardowski kachiwiri limasonyeza khalidwe lake mu malo osavuta, mwa wamba, amene kamodzinso kumabweretsa ubwenzi anthu wamba. asilikali onse akukamba za nkhondo ndi nkhaniyi yomweyo kupeza chinenero. Izi ndi amadziwika chifukwa cha ngwazi za: kulikonse kumene anapita, nthawi yomweyo wapeza chinenero ena. Kumene, wolemba ndakatulo sanathe kunyalanyaza zomwe lankhondo la ngwazi wake: kuwonjezera Zomwe zinachitika ndi akuwoloka iye anali Mwachitsanzo, kuwombera pansi ndege mdani. Kumbukirani momwe wolemba anafotokoza akutchulidwa komaliza kuti ndege anawomberedwa pansi ndendende Terkina, owerenga amaphunzira kokha pa mapeto, pamene lamulo anayamba kuyang'ana ngwazi. Choncho, analengedwa m'chifanizo Twardowski wowerengeka ngwazi Vasiliya Terkina kwenikweni akuimira anthu onse pa nkhope yake.

kuwunikira

Folk epic zifukwa litavomereza konsekonse. Lake kwambiri akutama olemba mabuku ena otchuka monga Pasternak, Fadeev, Bunin. Owerenga mu chikhazikitso awo makalata wolemba anafunsa kuti apitirize. Ndipo kokha komiti kufufuza wokhu- kuti Twardowski sankafuna ntchito yake, udindo wa Party Communist. Komabe, wolemba yekha anavomereza kuti derogations zinthu zosemphana ndi mfundo lonse ntchito, ndi pa chiopsezo anu anapitirizabe kulemba mu dera limene kuti n'kofunika kutero. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa wa ndakatuloyi anali m'gulu pamwamba Ambiri Werengani ntchito nkhani zokhudza nkhondo. ntchito ndi mbali ya maphunziro kusukulu ndipo mpake ambiri mu masiku athu.