Kulowetsa mzinda yayenda Reconquista? Mapeto a Reconquista. Reconquista, mwachidule

Pali nkhondo kuti akhala nthano. Osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nkhondo zozizwitsa, lachinyengo chimachititsanso mafumu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya zida, koma chifukwa cha ntchito za zotsatira za nkhondo. Iye anakhala nthano ndi Reconquista. Ndi unyolo wonse wa nkhondo kuti kunathandiza kwambiri pa mbiri ya makono. Iwo angatchedwe nkhondo yomenyera, kudziwa tsogolo la Akristu a ku Spain Peninsula. nkhondo wamagazi zapha anthu ambiri. Kumalizidwa kwa Reconquista kubwera zaka okha eyiti pambuyo chiyambi chake. Zinali zaka zovuta kuti anthu onse anagonjetsa. Koma kumasulidwa ku chinyengo zinali amunamuna. Ndipo, ndithudi, simungathandize koma chodabwitsa, kutenga mzinda wa Reconquista anamaliza.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Mu 711, pa dziko limene tsopano ndi wokongola Spain, Visigoth mafuko moyo. Iwo sanali mbuli ndi achikunja. Chifukwa Rome Visigoths kwa Chikhristu. Komabe, kusiyana ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Aroma. Visigoths Amaonetsa chizindikiro umunthu wa Yesu Khristu. Times iwo sitinganene kuti mtendere. Aluya kale anagonjetsa lonse kumpoto-kumadzulo Africa ndi poganiza kuti limodzi ndi kupambana nkhondo, sanafune kusiya. Patsogolo anali mayiko a Visigoths.

Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza mmene Aluya anatha muligonjetse mafuko. Choyamba - ichi ndi nkhani za chikondi ndi kubwezera. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira izo, izo anali kukhala kukongola La Cava, amene ankaphimba nkhope yake dzuwa. Kumene, ine sindikanakhoza kuthandizira koma amagwa mu chikondi ndi iye ndipo Korol Rodrigo. Koma kukongola inakana kucheza naye tsoka lake. Rodrigo anatenga mtsikana Molanda. Banja La Cava sakanakhoza kuzisiya ngati mlandu popanda chilango. Usiku kukongola wovutika bambo tiyeni Aluya mu mzinda, kotero iwo kulangidwa Rodrigo.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Rodrigo samayenera kukhala mfumu. Wolamulira woyamba wotchedwa wolandira mwana wake, koma iye sanali timathandizidwa ndi mabanja achifumu. Zambiri iwo ankakonda Rodrigo. Ndiye anamuthandiza kuti akhale mutu wa boma. Koma kumbali ya korona wa mfumu sanafune kuvomereza. Mmodzi wa iwo anachita mgwirizano ndi Aluya, kotero iwo analowa mumzindawo n'kupha Rodrigo ndi gulu lake. Monga mphoto iwo analonjezedwa chuma cha likulu. Koma Aluya, kupha mfumu, sanaime. Iwo anali chuma pang'ono. Iwo ankafuna kuti boma lonse.

Pa chaka, Aluya anatha pogonjetsa dera lonse, amene patapita zaka adzamutcha dzina ndi Spain. boma Mkhristu anagonjetsedwa ndi Asilamu. Visigoths anali kuumirizidwa kusintha kwa Islam. pokhapokhapo Arab analekerera chipembedzo mlendo. Komabe, misonkho kupitirirabe nkhondo likuwapangabe nthawi ya Reconquista nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa anthu anagonjetsa.

Asturias osaweruzika

CE sanali wokonzeka kupereka atangokanidwa koyenera Aluya. Iwo analibe chachikulu, asilikali amphamvu ndi okwanira zida. Chifukwa ambiri a mzindawo m'manja Aisiraeli wopanda nkhondo. Osadziwa mavuto, Aluya anasamukira kumpoto. Koma njira zawo zinali Asturias - mzinda, amene sanafune kusiya. Ambiri mwa Spanish apamwamba kumeneko, komwe ankakhala. Aluya anawakhululukiradi. Koma zotsala za asilikali anagonjetsedwa ndipo anthu amene sanafune kukhala ogonjera, anathawira Asturias. mzinda Izi zinabweretsa mapeto a Reconquista.

Kuti apambane, olemekezeka a Asturias anali kulumikizana ndi osauka, anthu osaphunzira wa Vasconi. Mizindayo awiri anali zolengedwa yosiyana. Koma iwo amagwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi. Ine ndinaima pa mutu wa Asturias Don Pelayo. Aluya sanathe kumvetsetsa mmene kagulu ka anthu zikhoza kukhala kuzengereza kutsatira iwo kugonjetsedwa akutiakuti. Ndiyamika Don Pelayo, amene anakhala wopambana Amalawi Spain, Asturias ndi Vasconi anthu anazindikira kuti Aluya akhoza kuwina. Tidawachita m'mavuto kugonjetsa Akhristu anabweretsa zigawenga kulimbana kumbuyo, komanso incursions kuchokera kumpoto, Scandinavia anachita.

Chiyambi cha Reconquista

Ufulu wa Asturias kudzikwiyira agonjetsi. Chifukwa 722 anapita ulendo Chilango, zomwe cholinga chake chinali kuphwanya kukana ndipo muliyang'anire tauni. Ine ndinaima pa mutu wa Alcamo. Pamodzi ndi Bishop Opp iye adayesetsa Akhristu mudzipereke. Chifukwa mukatero iwo onse anafa. Alcamo koma analephera kuswa mitima yawo. Zikuoneka kuti palibe mpata Asturias. Koma nkhondo ya Akhristu waylaid Alcamo ndi asilikali ake mu chigwa ndipo ananyema iwo. Alcamo yekha anaphedwa tsiku limenelo.

Oukira akadali anapitiriza ankafuna kugonjetsa mzinda woukira. M'chaka chomwecho monga chilango cha imfa ya Amalkamy Asturias anasamukira ku gulu lina, mutu wa adayima Munusa. Koma kumuwombera izi anagonjetsedwa. Munusa anaphedwa. Ndipo kulephera kwake chinali chiyambi cha Reconquista.

Nkhondo France

Aluya kusankha kupitiriza yokopa awo kuwagonjetsa ndi mkatikati mwa Europe. Panjira anali France. Mmene alimba mtima kumenyana dziko lino, pali nthano zambiri. Mwina wotchuka kwambiri ntchito zolembalemba, yatsikira kwa ife, anali epic wa Ronsevale.

Ngakhale malamulo a Afulanki Karl Veliky. Kuthandiza anafika kazembe wa Zaragoza. Thandizo mu maudani, analonjeza mfumu ya ulemerero ndi chuma chambiri. Carl anapatsidwa mwayi namuyesa. Izo zinanenedwa kuti asilikali a mfumu analibe nkhondo. Iwo zitseko za mzindawo kuphonya. Koma zipata anali atatsegula. Musati tsegula ndipo patapita nthaŵi. Karl anazindikira kuti ndi ankhondo ake anasowa kothawira. Iye anatenga ukapolo kazembe, ndi ana ake adatumiza ku France pamodzi ndi mphwake. Karl anaona kuti iye sakanatha kubwerera kunyumba moyo. Koma iye anali kulakwitsa.

anadabwa zinali Karl, atabwerera kunyumba, iye anaphunzira kuti mphwake Roland, pamodzi ndi akaidi inali isanafike. Carl anapita posaka. Ndipo nawapeza mu Ronselvanskom gorge. maso ake anatsegula maso zoopsa: asilikali pafupifupi zinagumuka panalibe munthu wamoyo. Msilikali aliyense Andibera, iwo sakudziwa nkomwe zovala kumanzere. Pakati pa makatoni a Tel akufa Karl anapeza mphwake, koma akaidi pang'ono palibe. Adakali chinsinsi amene anapha Roland ndi anthu ake. Akukhulupirira kuti iwo anali Akhristu. Koma mu nkhani iyi tikhoza kuganiza kuti Akhristu apita nkhondo Akhristu.

nkhondo zapachiweniweni pa Reconquista

Akhristu pang'onopang'ono kupeza mphamvu. Asilikali anakankhira patsogolo m'mayiko onse atsopano, anakhazikitsa mizinda yatsopano ndipo ngakhale States. Ambiri a iwo asangalala. Awa anali Aragon, Castile, Navarre, Catalonia ndi Leon. Nthawi zina atsogoleri a limati izi zinali nkhondo wina ndi mzake, koma nthawi zina mukhoza kupanga migwirizano ukwati dynastic. Mwachitsanzo, Korol Fernando ndinatha kugwirizanitsa Castile ndi Leon, awiri wolemera boma. Zikuoneka kuti pambuyo pake akhoza Ufumuyo, ndipo ena anayamba kusonkhanitsa dziko. Koma mwadzidzidzi Fernando amazindikira kuti pambuyo pa imfa yake ufumu udzagawanika pakati pa ana aamuna ndi aakazi ayenera mzinda wokongola, wotchuka chifukwa cha chuma chake. Kotero iwo anatero.

The ludzu luntha la kuganiza mosatsata achinyamata. Abale ndi alongo womangidwa internecine nkhondo. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo ankafuna kupha anthu ambiri ake mbadwa, kuyima pa mutu wa wambirimbiri dziko. Ine anapambana Mwana wachiwiri wa Alfonso. Nkhondo itatha, abale ndi alongo ake, iye anapita ku Muslims ndipo anaba iwo mzinda wa Toledo, akupereka malire a dziko la chikristu. Wolowa Alfonso, Alfonso VII la, adzatchedwa Mfumu ya Spain. Ngakhale ayi lonse la Spain anamasulidwa, Akristu aona kuti akamaliza akuyandikira kwa Reconquista. nkhondo zapachiweniweni anali sizachilendo pa nthawi. Abale ndi alongo ambiri anayesetsa nkhondo wina ndi mzake. mikangano Iwowa n'kothandiza Asilamu. adani awo okha.

dalitso Papa

M'zaka za m'ma XI, moyo wa Akhristu m'goli a Aluya, ndi zambiri zovuta. The Almoravids anayamba kulamulira. Iwo anali anthu ankhanza amene sanatenge chipembedzo winawake. Iwo kupereka makamaka yankhanza wa anthu ndi zinthu kuti m'mayiko awo. Ndi nthawi zigawenga Islam.

Iye sakanakhoza kunyalanyaza imfa ya ambiri Akhristu, Papa. Mu 1212, analengeza kuti amayamba Kampeni. Akristu amene kutenga mbali ndi kumasula m'mayiko mbadwa kwa Asilamu kupita kumwamba, adzakhululukidwa machimo onse. Kuitanidwa anali zotsatira. Pa July 16, nkhondo imene gulu lalikulu la asilikali Mkhristu asilikali a Almoravides. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, asilikali Muslim asanakhalepo amphamvu. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumasulidwa kwa mayiko Spanish kwa adani.

kutalika kwa Reconquista

XIII ndi XIV m'ma - ndi heyday chenicheni cha nkhondo. Pomaliza, anthu amene ankakhala m'madera wotanganidwa ndipo anamasulidwa lenilenilo monga ogwirizana lonse. Iwo ankadziona ngati Spain, amene ayenera kukhala womasuka ku ukapolo wa Asilamu mogwirizana boma limodzi ndi kuyamba kumanga moyo watsopano mu ulamuliro wa Spanish mfumu. A udindo waukulu ku kumasulidwa kwa dziko ankaimba Knights Akhristu. Ndi osiyana a kupambana Reconquista patsogolo. Mwachidule kumuuza za izo sizingatheke, tikhoza kuona kuti mapeto ndewu ndi zomvetsa kochepa analephera. Ena mwa mzindawo maulendo angapo linachoka mmanja a Akhristu Muslim ndi mosemphanitsa.

Izabella Kastilskaya ndi Ferdinand wa Aragon

Mu 1469, ukwati wa Ferdinand wa Aragon ndi Isabella a Castile. Palibe amene akanatha kuganiza ndiye banja ili adzatha kusintha osati miyoyo ya lonse la Spain, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Kupemphera kwa chaka cha kutsiriza kwa Reconquista. Chifukwa cha kuchenjera ndi asilikali talente, Ferdinand anatha kuphatikiza ambiri m'mayiko. Koma iye ndi mkazi wake anali wosiyana kutchuka ndi zambiri udindo. Choncho ufumuwo anali nawo pang'ono. Isabella ndi Ferdinand anali Akatolika oona. Kwa iwo, chikhulupiriro chawo chiri choona chokha ndi chomveka mu Spain.

Mapeto a "atatu zipembedzo" policy

Asanabwere mphamvu ya mabanja mu Spain ndayesera kuti pa zipembedzo zitatu: Chikhristu, Chisilamu ndi chikhulupiriro cha Ayuda. Komabe, Papa sanali m'madera ukapolo anthu amene anakana Chikhristu. olamulira Spain a sanafune kuti iwo Chikatolika, chifukwa adawopa kuti amitundunso adzayamba kugalukira.

Izi zonse zinasintha pamene anayamba kulamulira, Ferdinand ndi Isabella. Iwo, kukhala Akatolika ndi mchirikizo wa Rome, anayamba kufalitsa Chikhristu. Izi zinathandiza kuti kumasulidwa zina za m'mayiko kwa adani Muslim. Mu 1487 anayamba kuzinga Malaga, umodzi mwa mizinda yaikulu ya Asilamu Spain. Ferdinand ndi mkazi wake ankatha kupambana bwino. Patsogolo anali kokha Grenada. Iwo ukubwera chaka, pamene anamaliza Reconquista.

kutenga Grenada

Kwa anthu onse amene amaphunzira unyolo uwu kumenyana, zofunika kwambiri ndi funso kaya kudya mzinda yayenda Reconquista. Zinali Grenada. Ferdinand ndi Isabella mosamala kukonzekera nkhondo zoopsa. Kukapanga izo bwino, ife tinali ndi ndalama zambiri. Choncho anaganiza kulera misonkho, ndi Papa awalola ntchito pa zofuna zawo ndalama analandira kwa mpingo okhulupirika. Chifukwa cha ichi banja lachifumu ankatha kuitana pa asilikali kuti amenyane Ankhondo amene ankamenyana ndi Asilamu ndalama.

Mfumu ndi mfumukazi ndachita zonse kuti alimbitse yonena ake pakati pa anthu. Amayankhulana ndi asilikali ndipo anafuna pa mbali. Spanish mafumu ankhondo ndi thandizo la zigaŵenga zankhondo, anayambapo nkhondo mu kumbuyo, anali wokhoza kuti apambane. Tsopano, aliyense ankadziwa kuti analanda mzinda yayenda Reconquista. mzinda lidagwa mu 1491. Iwo angatchedwe chaka chobadwa mwa Spain. Aliyense Msipanishi ano mosavuta kuyankha, zimene chaka inatha Reconquista. Ndiye m'dziko ndikhoza kupeza kumasuka kwa zaka mazana a subordination kwa Asilamu.

Nkhondo itatha,

Pamene anamaliza Reconquista ku Spain, pa mutu wa boma anaima anthu ankakonda Ferdinand ndi Isabella. Iwo anali atsogoleri anzeru, popanda zomwe kulemera sibwezi atafika, osati Spain, komanso America. Ndipotu, olamulira awa athandiza Columbus kuti anapeza chake chachikulu m'mayiko ambiri. Ferdinand ndi Isabella anatembenuka Spain mu mkhalidwe wolimba Katolika. Oimira zipembedzo zina sanathe kupeza malo m'mayiko amenewa. Mfumu ndi Mfumukazi lankhosa dziko lawo la Asilamu otchedwa a Moor, Ayuda ndi Asilamu.

banja lachifumu anakhalabe wodziwika kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo tsopano iwo ali akulemekezedwa ku Spain. Iwo achita zambiri za boma, Chikatolika, ndi kunathandiza kwambiri pa mayiko ena. Mu Grenada, chirichonse limasonyeza kuti adani a mzinda yayenda Reconquista. Spain akunyadira mbiri yawo ndi ya masamba amunamuna pamene m'mayiko mbadwa anamasulidwa ku Aisiraeli. Nkofunika kukumbukira zimene chaka inatha Reconquista. chaka chino anali mmodzi wa dziko lonse mu mbiriyakale ya masewera omaliza.