Onyamula ano France ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Umunthu ndi mwamakani mwachibadwa. Zimenezi zosasangalatsa ikutsimikizidwanso pa nkhondo ambiri anachita ndi anthu pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale antiutopian zolengedwa Aldous Huxley, Orwell ndi Bradbury munthu sangathe popanda chiwawa. Zikuoneka zothunyanathunyana zida, mamembala ena a sapiens mtundu Homo amanena okha, kaya chifukwa chake n'chiyani boma kubwera kwa nkhondo. Nkhondo Sindingachite popanda zankhondo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimadalira kuchuluka mphamvu zida za umodzi wa zipani kuti mkangano. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano magulu panyanja ndi osamveka popanda wapadera nkhondowo chombo: ndege chonyamulira.

Ndege chonyamulira: mwapang'onopang'ono ngalawa

Izi ndi sitima yaikulu, kunyamula katundu ndege: ndege kapena Helicopters. Ndipo zingakhale kuno mazana aviamashin. Iwo waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya nthandala. Nthawi yoyamba pamwamba chotengera anaonekera mu First World nkhondo, koma makamaka woyamba anali kuti iwo amatembenuka kuchoka zina zombo. Mwachitsanzo, chombo uyu anakhala cruiser wotchedwa "Birmingham". Ndi sitimayo ake kwa nthawi yoyamba ndege anavula. Izo zinachitika pa chochitika chidwi mu 1910, ndipo chinali chiyambi cha ndege chonyamulira ofotokoza. Pa zotengera yoyamba ntchito reconnaissance, koma kenako anazindikira kufunika ndegeyo monga njira bombardment. Kumayambiriro kwa yomanga ndege onyamula ntchito seaplanes, monga ndege kuvula akanakhoza, ndi kukhala pa sitimayo - palibe. Pakuti seaplanes izi cholinga bwinobwino anafika pa madzi. Nkhani amapita kuti French ndege zonyamulira mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anali ochepa: kukhala enieni, mmodzi yekha, monga mu United States. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri ziwiya chonchi pa nthawi imene anali ku United Kingdom (7 mayunitsi). Kenako, mu kamangidwe ka ndege onyamula America anapambana.

zombo zoterezi anawagawa malo awa:

• ndege onyamula;
• kugula;
• onyamula balloons;
• ndege onyamula;
• gidroavianostsy;
• mpweya;
• m'madzi.

Komanso, kusiyana mosalekeza, mantha ndi odana. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mphamvu, pali zitsanzo ochiritsira ndi atomiki.

Main makhalidwe onyamula

Zitsulo zipolopolo onyamula ndi mphamvu ndithu, kuyambira makulidwe awo ukufika masentimita angapo. Kutalika kwa chombo chimphona zambirimbiri meters: matalikidwe ranges kuchokera 180 mpaka 342. Choyesera chotengera umalandira akuya 12-mita. sitimayo m'lifupi ndi waukulu ndithu, amene amapereka ndege onyamula Sitidzaiwala chithunzi. Pansipa sitimayo ili ndi doko yaikulu ndi hangars chifukwa tikukonza ndege. The phiri yekha pa sitimayo mtundu wa "chilumba" ndiko kuchimake lamulo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupeza dongosolo ndi mlongoti. Localize malo nthawi zambiri kumanja.

Flight sitimayo - mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri ya nthandala ndege. Iwo mitundu itatu, umodzi umene sitikugwiritsa ntchito. Lathyathyathya sitimayo Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi odziwika French ndege chonyamulira "Sharl De Goll". Adzikometsa a mtundu uwu ntchito kwa yopingasa kudzachitika kwambiri. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi catapult nthunzi. Adzikometsa ndi ankamasulira anaika pa galimoto, kupanga ndege ofukula kudzachitika kwambiri. Mbali khalidwe la sitimayo amenewa amakhala kucheza zofunika ndipo tidakocheza n'kupanga.

Flight sitimayo chikukhudza m'njira ziwiri, ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka 30s Mu zaka zapitazo. Pa mphuno wa onyamula ndege ili zofunika sitimayo ndipo tinafikira - ndegeyo. Koma popeza chiwembu zimenezi zinali zoopsa kwa oyendetsa, izo zinasintha, refitting, monga nkozoloŵereka ochiritsira ndege zonyamulira.

Chidwi mfundo za Navy zimphona

Sazidziwa bwinobwino Zidzakhala zosangalatsa apeze komwe iye ali onyamula sizidzatha gwero la mphamvu ndi liwiro. Chinthu ndi kuti nyukiliya magetsi, yomwe ili pa zombo ano, kuphatikizapo ndege onyamula France, kupereka osiyanasiyana malire kayendedwe ka sitima. Komanso, chifukwa unsembe nyukiliya chonyamulira amatha kuthandiza munthu pazipita osati ikuthamanga kwambiri kwa milungu ingapo.

Komanso mfundo imeneyi n'kofunika, monga mayikidwe a msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. Malowa ali pamtunda pa makona a 9⁰. Izi sizinachitike mwangozi. Poyamba, pamene gulu anali mwachindunji, Nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndege chiliri, amene tidakocheza zoipa. Ndipotu, ndi kovuta - pampando kugwedezeka ndi sitimayo yopapatiza. Kupewa ngozi ngati ndi moto chifukwa cha iwo, okonza anafika njira waluntha, potero kupereka woyendetsa bwino kulakwitsa.

French zombo

French bulu akutenga malo kutsogolera dziko. Mu kusamutsidwa ake (matani 321,850), ndi pakati pa Korea ndiponso United Kingdom. Titalandira dongosolo lino lankhondo lamphamvu zedi ndi sitima zankhondo, frigates kopitilira muyeso-ano, amphibious, cruisers, ofunkha, ndipo, ndithudi, lodziwika bwino ndege chonyamulira France "Sharl De Goll" kusamuka kwa 37 zikwi. Tonnes. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ankafika ndi cruiser "Mistral". Zombo za mtundu uwu pali mayunitsi atatu.

Koma panopa kusowa kwa mpweya chivundikirocho, monga French panyanja ndege ali sitimayo 60 zokha ndege mu utumiki. Ambiri, boma la France pakati wamakono mwakhama yapamadzi, monga mphamvu panopa ali osakwanira kukhalabe lonse ntchito ya usilikali. Ngakhale pali ku France ndi Chip kwambiri kunenerera: zida za nyukiliya. Koposa zonse, lamakono ballistic mivi.

France ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

The French ndi moyenerera amatchedwa mpainiya panyanja ndege. Kuti iwo anamanga seaplanes, maboti zouluka, seaplanes, ndi Nkhondo ndi cruisers okonzeka ndi catapults kuti avule. Ndipo mu 20s wa atumwi wotsiriza, French asilikali apanyanja kuti kudzadza latsopano membala - ndi modernized ndege chonyamulira ankadikira "Béarn". Pa anakhazikitsidwa msewu wonyamukira ndege sitimayo ndi catapult. chombo ichi, ngakhale kusiyana anachita nawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndi Fascism German, koma mu 1940 ali m'tulo akupumula. Izi zinachitika agonje kwa Republic French kuti Nazi Germany. Komanso, mu 1937, malinga ndi pulogalamu makonzedwe a shipbuilding, anaganiza kumanga zombo zingapo zatsopano. Koma izi zinali choncho. Pa nthawi kuchokera 1939 mpaka 1945, asilikali a France, makamaka zombo, anataya zambiri za manja, ndipo adamfunsa okwana kuchira. Choncho angati ndege onyamula ku France anali pa nkhondo ndi Germany? Pa ntchito zosachitika ndi mazira monga "Joffre", "Clemenceau" ndege chonyamulira kumizidwa "Kommandan Kuyesedwa", anayima m'modzi mtsogoleri wa "Bearn" usilikali.

Ndege chonyamulira "Béarn" mbiri hoary

French wotsatila asilikali Bourget zapamwamba kuti pakufunikira kutsitsimutsa French ndege onyamula Navy monga m'munsi a. Munthu ameneyu kamodzi analamula "Béarn", kotero malangizo ake ndi zamtengo wapatali ndi kumveka. Wa asilikali ankakhulupirira kuti zombo French ayenera kukhala osachepera 6 ndege zonyamulira. Boma ogwidwawo ndege onyamula kenako mu England, ndi ku 50s imene shipbuilders French cholinga ndege chonyamulira "Clemenceau" ndi "Foz".

Koma pa warship ndi, ndege chonyamulira "Béarn", yokwana anatchulidwa mwapadera, ngati chifukwa chakuti iye anali nawo nkhondo ndi Anazi. Ndege chonyamulira nawo Kufufuza German ngalawa "asilikali Graf Spee". Ntchito yomanga chotengera inayamba mu January 1914 ndipo anayambitsa pa izo zinali mu April 1920. kusodza chotengera choposa mamita 9 ndipo m'lifupi - chotengera 27. kutalika anali 182 m. Number ogwira anali anthu 865.

Onyamula French Navy anayamba mbiri yake ndi chotengera ichi oti muli nazo zida. Iye anali atakonzekera ndi mfuti odana ndege, torpedoes, ndipo anali pa bolodi ndege 40. Chonyamulira inamangidwa ndi kukhala nyumba "Normandy", ndi nkhondo chopangira mphamvu powerplant n'kuyamba. Pambuyo capitulation French panali mphekesera zoti chonyamulira anabweretsa Martinique nkhokwe za golide boma lonse, koma zimenezi si anatsimikizira. Komanso, pamaso pa mapeto a nkhondo, "Bearn" onyamula ndege ku Canada kwawo. Mu 1967, mtsogoleri French ya atumwi wotsiriza unali anagwetsa.

Sharl De Goll kapena Richelieu?

Tsopano French ndege onyamula, zamakono zili ndi zonse zofunikira kuti azitsatira mfundo asilikali. M'malo mwake, French ndege chonyamulira panopa yekha: wotchuka "Sharl De Goll". Ngalawayi inamangidwa anapezerapo mu 1994. kugwira ntchito inayamba mu 2001. Ndi kusamutsidwa 42 chikwi. Matani ndege chonyamulira amapanga 27 kuyenda malo. Izo awiri injini nyukiliya, chotengera kutalika mamita 261 ndipo m'lifupi mwake za 64. chonyamulira ndi sitima yaikulu mu France, koma poyerekeza ndi ofanana zombo nyukiliya American ziri zazing'ono. Adalira ake m'malo lalikulu ndi kulemba anthu 1900 kuphatikizapo ndege ndi atsogoleri.

Mbiri ya warship anayamba ndi chakuti boma anaganiza m'malo chakale French ndege chonyamulira "Foch" ndi "Clemenceau" kwa zitsanzo zambiri zamakono. Koma analengedwa chotengera chimodzi chokha cha mndandanda limenelo, chifukwa mtengo wake mkulu sikuloledwa kupitiriza ntchitoyo. The ndege chonyamulira Osangopereka bwino, chifukwa mayeso analephera.

Pa pomanga chombo, ndi okonzeka ndi machitidwe zambiri zamakono: catapults, unsinkable bulkheads, awiri pansi, Rada kungolandira ndi zida chobisika. Palinso madzi ngalande, moto chitetezo dongosolo. Adalira anapereka mpweya ndi mpweya kachitidwe. Zokha omasuka kugona m'madera zosangalatsa m'madera ndi kudya.

Padziko dzina la chonyamulira ndege pa nthawi kuvutika kutsutsana kwambiri: Fransua Mitteran, Pulezidenti wa France, anafuna dzina ngalawa "Richelieu", monga ankaona koyenera kukopana ndi Gaullist phwando. Koma patapita chaka, Zhak Shirak akadali akhutire kuti chombo ikutchedwa ndi dzina la ambiri otchuka.

Armament "Charles"

Nyukiliya chombo mphamvu zokwanira zaka 5 akuthamanga ndi liwiro mfundo 25. chonyamulira Izi afunika amagetsi ndi yopambana mphamvu kudzazidwa: 76 zikwi ndiyamphamvu .. Chonchi maziko amphamvu akhoza imodzi anaikidwa kuti ndege 100. Koma kawirikawiri, zombo zikuphatikizapo 40 ndege, chimene omenyana angapo, matenda ndege, reconnaissance ndege zikugwirizana. Pali pa sitima ndi ndege za helikoputala. Komanso, nthandala ali okonzeka ndi machitidwe Rada ndi makhazikitsidwe mpweya chitetezo. Choncho kufunsa, angati ndege onyamula ku France tsopano n'zotheka molondola kuyankha limodzi. Koma pali angapo zombo, ataima pafupi pa yemweyo mlingo kumenyana mphamvu ndi kupirira.

"Mistral": French ngolo

Tikufika sitima, ndege chonyamulira "Mistral" chosiyana ndi ntchito zina Mipikisano cholinga. Kungakhale kuchipatala, anabzala pa ankafika dziko ainjini brigade, zinthu monga malo lamulo, chimbalangondo ndi kukhalabe nkhondowo Helicopters. Pokambirana ndi French ndege chonyamulira "Mistral" ngakhale ndege chonyamulira mokwanira, komanso nthumwi oyenera French apanyanja. An ntchito zofunika akhoza anatchula wodekha, woganizira polojekiti danga, amene advantageously ikuchitika Helicopters. Komanso, chombo akhoza adzaikidwa ankafika mabwato, thanki battalion ndi kwa asilikali 900 pa nthawi imodzi. Onyamula French Navy ali atatu sitimayo zofanana "Mistral", "Tonnerre" ndi "Dismyud".

Kodi n'zotheka kumira ndege chonyamulira?

Izi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti zombo zoterozo sverhdorogostoyaschie kunyamula yaikulu ya zida, ndiye, ndithudi, ntchito kuteteza chonyamulira si kwathunthu kukwaniritsa zofunika n'kofunika. Choncho, nthawi zonse padziko yaikulu zombo chombo 15 kapena kuposa, atetezedwe odalirika mu utali wozungulira wa makilomita 300. Koma makamaka kumira ndege chonyamulira, ngakhale zovuta. Chophweka, koma osati kwambiri njira - kuukira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera n'chongoletsa zombo chitetezo, kenako kuikapo ndege chonyamulira pansi, kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chowapatsa ambiri zipinda.

Osati ntchito wamng'onong'ono mu achire ya nthandala ndege kuchokera kanthu kungathandize zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kubwezeretsa, doko, osiyana gulu ayenera kusambira imperceptible kuti chotengera ndi kukhazikitsa chipangizo kutali zachiwawa pansi ake. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuti achoke amaona mu opareshoni iyi.

Njira ina akhoza torpedoed pa bolodi sitima zapamadzi chete. Kumene, yaikulu ndege chonyamulira sadzatha kuti ayizembe ndi torpedoes. Only pano sitima zapamadzi zoponya mabomba ndi Mwina chachikulu yomweyo kuwononga zombo chitetezo.

Bwino kwambiri mu likumira la ndege chonyamulira anapatsidwa chida ndiponso kunyanyala nyukiliya. Zikuonekeratu kuti comaliza, chifukwa matenda derali, ndi mavuto ena zoopsa, ntchito pokha pokha kwambiri.

zombo za m'tsogolo

Koma ndege onyamula France ndi mphamvu zina dziko si chilili, cholinga latsopano, ano ndi zapamwamba zitsanzo. Mogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikira zikayenda zakale ndiponso zolakwa za tsogolo ntchito ndege chonyamulira analengedwa mu dzina CVNX kusamutsidwa 100 zikwi. Tonnes. Chilengedwe ake ntchito "chozemba" luso, zatsopano malo nyukiliya, amene amalola kwa nthawi yaitali kupita popanda refueling, komanso kopambana latsopano alumikizana kamangidwe. Malinga ndiAmene Akuti amenewa chombo kwa lonse makumi asanu chaka utali wamoyo athe pochitika 3 miliyoni kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda ndi kunyamula zikwi zisanu. Tsiku m'nyanja.

Patsogolo mofulumira kusuntha, kuphatikizapo makampani usilikali. Padera kwambiri mu luso lamakono, koma mtendere padziko sangathe adagula ndalama iliyonse.