Traveler Robert Scott ndi ulendo wake wotchuka

Robert Scott - English kumalo ozizira wofufuza ndipo anatulukira, mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake kuphunzira Antarctica ndi Pole South. nkhani ili laperekedwa kwa Robert Chimphamba Scott ndi anzake anayi m'chaka cha 1912 pochokera Pole South ndipo anafa ndi njala, ozizira zodabwitsa thupi kutopa.

Origin ndi ubwana

Robert Chimphamba Scott anabadwa pa July 6, 1868 mu English doko mzinda wa Davenport. atate wake, Dzhon Skott, mosiyana ndi abale awo, amene anatumikira mu yapamadzi, anali amadwaladwala omwe ayenera kupewedwa kukwaniritsa maloto ake. John anali makampani moŵa osati umphawi, koma sanali wokhutitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwake, kwa zaka zambiri kulota ndi moyo yowala ndi otanganidwa.

Monga mwana, Robert, amene basi monga bambo wake, sanathe popitilira thanzi labwino, pambuyo kumva kuchokera kwa amalume ake, mitundu yonse ya nkhani za m'nyanja, ndi wayaka chikondi cha ulendo akutali. Mu masewera wake wamng'ono, anadzipereka wolimba asilikali, molimba kutsogolera chombo wake kwa m'mayiko uncharted. Iye anali wouma pang'ono, aulesi ndi pang'ono osasamala, koma monga akulu wake anapeza mphamvu yogonjetsera zolakwa izi.

mapangidwe

Robert Scott poyamba anaphunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba pa aboma, ndi wa zaka eyiti sukulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ku sukulu, ankakhala mu mzinda wapafupi, mnyamatayo akupeza awo, chokwawa padziko Pony, amene ali ndi udindo wapadera mu moyo wake.

Phunziro chinaperekedwa kwa achinyamata Robert n'kovuta kwambiri, makolo ake posakhalitsa anaganiza kuti amutume kwa Naval School. Mwina bambo ake anali ochuluka pa mfundo yakuti mwana wake, ndi chidwi nyanja kuyenda, motero anasonyeza kwambiri chidwi kuphunzira ndi bwino kupeza wamakhalidwe maphunziro. Koma sanakhaliretu mwakhama, zomwe Komabe, sizinamulepheretse mu 1881 kukalembedwa monga midshipman mu Royal apanyanja.

Young Scott akulowa njira yapamadzi. Ankadziwa Clements Markham

zaka ziwiri Robert anapita Tinayenda maphunziro sitima Britannia, kumene ankalandira udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo. Mu zaka wotsatira, anapita mu oti muli nazo zida corvette Boadicea, ndi zaka 19 ali ku Rover, amene anali kuphunzitsa sitima ya squadron wa apanyanja. Ngakhale kuti Robert Scott - wapaulendo chibadwire, nthawi yambiri mu nyanja, msonkhano alibe anakopeka naye, ndipo iye akadali akulakalaka maulendo ku mayiko akutali. Koma mwa anzake anali ndi kutchuka zina ndi ulemu, kuyambira mbiri ya munthu ndi makhalidwe abwino okhaokha.

Ndipo kamodzi sitima squadron anaonekera Clements Markham, makamaka mukopedwe moyo zina Roberta Skotta. munthu uyu anali mlembi wa Royal Geographical Society, anali ndi chidwi achinyamata ndi luso. Padakali pano, iwo anakonza pa mpikisano pa maboti, imene wopambana anabwera Scott, kenako anakumana ndi Markham, kulabadira izo.

Kenako Robert Scott ananyamula maphunziro ake, zimene zinamuthandiza kuti mayeso bwinobwino pochitika ndi kutenga udindo wa mkulu. Kenako, anayamba kuphunzira masamu panyanja, pilotage ndi mlandu wanga ndi ngakhale anatenga zida zankhondo maphunziro kasamalidwe moto.

Mu 1899, bambo Scott atamwalira, achinyamata mkulu anaonekera khamu nkhawa latsopano limene nthawi yokwanira pa icho. Mu nthawi ino yovuta kwa iye wakumana Markham ndi kuphunzira kwa iye maulendowa adziwitse kwa Antarctica. Mothandizidwa Robert posachedwa Kupeleka lipoti, limene chilakolako chake kutsogolera kampaniyo ili.

Maulendowa woyamba ku Antarctic

Ndi thandizo la Markham mu 1901, Robert ndi Chimphamba Scott, amene munthawiyo ankalimbikitsa ku Mulingo wa mkulu wa udindo wa 2, woikidwa ndi mutu wa Choyamba British National Antarctic ulendo, wangwiro m'ngalawamo Apeza. Mu 1902, apaulendo amene Angakugonjetseni lamba wa paketi ayezi ndipo anagumula ku gombe la Victoria Land. Popeza Mfumu Earth anatulukira ndi Edward VII. Maulendowa, chimene chinafika mpaka 1904, maphunziro ambiri.

Popeza zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi ndi zogwira mtima kwambiri, dzina Scott amadwala kudziwika mu mabwalo ena. Ofufuzawa anali wakwanitsa kusonkhanitsa kwambiri za zinthu ozizira ndipo ngakhale kupeza mafupa a zomera za thupi otchedwa ukachenjede nthawi (zaka miliyoni 65-1,8 zapitazo), yemwe anakhala weniweni sayansi zotengeka. Mawu, Robert Scott wapereka asayansi ambiri ntchito yatsopano.

Latsopano moyo

Kuyambira pamenepo Roberta Skotta dzina kunadetsa anayamba kugwirizana ndi Antarctic, pamene iye, nzeru, anayamba kupanga chida chamakono lakonzedwa kuti magawowa kuyenda mu zinthu kumalo ozizira. Pakati pa ntchito, Robert anapezeka zakudya zimene iye mofunitsitsa kwambiri olandilidwa. Pa nkhani imodzi mwa nkhani chikhalidwe anakumana Ketlin Bryus (ziboliboli), mu 1908 anakhala mkazi wake. Chaka chotsatira, mwana iwo wabadwa anabadwa, dzina lake Peter Markham.

Kukonzekera kwa ulendo watsopano

Pafupifupi imodzi ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wake analengeza kukonzekera ulendo watsopano wa Scott, akufuna kugonjetsa South Pole. Robert Scott zikusonyeza kuti mu kuya kwa Antarctica angathe kuonedwa mchere, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mu America, pali kukonzekera kwa ogwira ntchito yomweyo, koma kulera ndalama zofunika pa gulu la ulendo uno, izo sizinali zophweka.

Kampeni kwezani ndalama ulendo wa Scott nakhalanso pambuyo wotchuka Robert Peary mu 1909, analengeza anagonjetsa wa North Pole, iye anafotokoza cholinga chake kukwaniritsa ndi South. Komanso, anadziwika kuti Germany Komanso amati achotsapo umenewu. Kukonzekera maulendowa English anali pachimake, wagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi Robert Scott, amene yonena Komabe, nkhani za iye anali munthu wakhama ndi cholinga. Akuti chinthu choyamba chimene iye ankaganiza m'malo za mawu sayansi kuposa kulanda Pole South.

Chiyambi cha ulendo yadothi Nova

Ndi kugwa kwa 1910, Robert Scott potsiriza anakwanitsa bwinobwino kukonzekera ulendo, ndi kale 2 September sitima yadothi Nova anatuluka mu kusambira. Sitimayo ulendo kupita ku Australia ndipo anapita ku New Zealand. January 3, 1911 yadothi Nova anafika McMurdo Sound, lili Victoria Land. Posakhalitsa, apaulendo anapeza Camp Roald Amundsen (Norway kumalo ozizira wofufuza-mbiri chofukizira), ndiye woyamba anafika South Pole.

November 2 anayamba kulimbikitsa chovuta kwa mtengo. Snowmobiles, limene apaulendo anali ziyembekezo mkulu, anayenera kusiya chifukwa iwo sanali oyenera Kukwezeleza Toros. Pony komanso si zogwirizana ndi zimene ankayembekezera, kotero iwo anayika tulo, ndipo anthu anakakamizika kukoka katundu wolemera, chofunika kwa ulendo. Robert Scott, anamva udindo comrades, anatsimikiza kutumiza asanu a iwo mmbuyo. Kenako zisanu: Robert yekha, akapitawo Genri Bauers, Lawrence Oates ndi Edgar Evans, komanso dokotala Edward Wilson.

Kukwaniritsa zolinga kapena kutaya?

Apaulendo afika cholinga chake January 17, 1912, koma zimene anali akhumudwira pakuwona kuti Amundsen ulendo anapita kuno nthawi yaitali pamaso pawo - ndicho, December 14, 1911. Norwegians Scott kumanzere cholembedwa mu anapempha kuti mwambo wa imfa yawo, anauza mfumu ya Norway kwa Kupambana kwawo. Sizikudziwika wotani maganizo zinkachitika mu mitima ya English, koma n'zosavuta ndikuganiza kuti iwo anaphwa osati thupi komanso maganizo, monga mmene analembera mu zolemba zake, Robert Scott. Photo, pansipa, anapangidwa pa January 18 - tsiku pamene amwendamnjira anabwerera. chithunzi ichi chinali otsiriza.

Koma anafunika kuthana ndimabwerera, kotero maulendowa yadothi Nova, kuchita njira zonse zofunikira ndi kukazikoloŵeka mbendera British pafupi Norway ndi talunjikitsidwa ku njira kumpoto. Patsogolo pawo anali kuyembekezera pafupifupi imodzi ndi theka makilomita zikwi njira yovuta, imene malo khumi ndi katundu bungwe.

apaulendo imfa

apaulendo The anasamuka ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu, pang'onopang'ono obmorazhivaya miyendo ndi kutaya mphamvu. Iye anafa February 17, Edgar Evans, amene poyamba agwera crevasse ndi kugunda mutu wake. Kenako anamwalira Lawrence Oates, yemwe miyendo anali zoipa frostbitten, chifukwa Iye sitingakhale kupitirizabe. March 16, anauza comrades wake kuti akufuna kupita, kenako anapita ku mdima, wosafuna kuti akuchedwa ena ndi kukhala katundu. mtembo wake sanapeze.

Scott, Wilson ndi Bowers anapitiriza ulendo wawo, koma 18 zokha kuchokera kutali mfundo zikuluzikulu anamugwira namondwe wamkulu. Zakudya zake zinali kuyenda motsika, ndipo anthu ali wotopa amene sakanakhoza kusuntha. The mkuntho wa chisanu sanali zophwetsa, ndi apaulendo, anakakamizika kukhala ndi kudikira. March 29, kuthera pa mfundo iyi za masiku asanu ndi anayi, onse atatu anamwalira chifukwa cha njala ndi ozizira. Mwatsoka, Roberta Skotta ulendo ku Pole South inatha mu njira zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Kupezeka kwa maulendowa otaika

Kupulumutsidwa ntchito, kupita kukafunafuna ofufuza tchulani, anapeza miyezi isanu ndi itatu yokha ina. Hema, wobisa iwo ndi kuzizira, mphepo ndi matalala, potsiriza anakhala m'manda awo. Kuti anaona Owapulumutsa anagwedeza iwo pachimake: apaulendo emaciated onse ponyamula nawo chofunika kwambiri Geological zosonkhanitsira, amene kulemedwa 15 kg. Iwo sanayese n'komwe kusiya burdening zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho awo. Malinga ndi umboni wa opulumutsa, Robert Scott zatha atsopano.

Blog wake wotsiriza zolemba ndi Scott analimbikitsa osati kusiya okondedwa awo. Iye anapemphanso kuti tsikulo linali m'manja mkazi wake. Mu mphindi womaliza wa moyo wake, iye anazindikira kuti kwambiri sadzaona iye kachiwiri ndipo analemba kalata kwa iye, kupempha Kathleen kuchenjeza mwana wawo wamng'ono kunja kwa ulesi. Ndipotu iye anali kamodzi amakakamizidwa nkhondo chikhalidwe ichi choopsa. Kenako, mwana wa Robert Peter Scott yapindula kwambiri, kukhala wotchuka wasayansi-zamoyo.

Pomaliza

The British atamva tsokalo, anafotokoza chisoni m'dziko lake omwe anafa alimba mtima. Kudzera mndandanda wa kuchuluka kwa zopereka wakhala anasonkhana, zokwanira kupereka mabanja a kumalo ozizira omasuka kukhalapo.

Ulendo Roberta Skotta anafotokoza mu mabuku angapo. The oyamba - "kusambira pa Apeza" - analemba yekha. anali lofalitsidwa zina, potengera zolemba za Scott ndi kufotokoza ulendo wake ku Pole South Mwachitsanzo, "The ulendo wotsiriza wa R. Scott" Huxley "Ulendo kowopsya" Cherry E. Howard.

Iwo okha mpaka kuwonjezera kuti ofufuza, motsogoleredwa ndi Robert Scott, anapanga moona amunamuna zinazo, kotero maina awo zidzatero mpaka m'chikumbumtima anthu.