The Napoleonic Nkhondo zinthu zinasintha zikuluzikulu mbiri citukuko ca European Africa lonse. Russia amadziwikanso osati anakhalabe kucheza ndi nkhondo izi, kutenga mbali mu nkhondo ya wachinayi ndi wachisanu ndi odana ndi French mgwirizano mu Prussia ndiponso mayiko Baltic. Patapita nthawi dziko loyamba amene akwanitsa kutsutsa amphamvu mdani asilikali mzimu ndi kulimba mtima kwa msilikali wamba ndi namatetule lankhondo la asilikali Russian. Kwenikweni, woyamba bwino Russian asilikali chifukwa Zomwe zinachitika ndi nkhondo Napoleonic ndi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayamba mu 1812. Mwachidule ife kudziwa za izo, mwina, aliyense wa compatriot wathu. Chabwino, amene sanaumve nkhondo ya Borodino, kapena mthunzi wa Napoleon ku Moscow? Tiyeni akukhala pa tsamba la mbiri yathu.
Nkhondo ya 1812: mwachidule pa malo a
Njira ya Napoleonic Nkhondo zaka khumi chawo choyamba, anapanga Kalanga kwambiri otsutsa mfumu French. Nkhondo ya Trafalgar, Nkhondo ya Austerlitz, Friedland, ndi nambala ya kupambana zina kwambiri anapanga Napoleon mbuye wa onse a ku Ulaya. Mu 1807, chifukwa cha kulephera asilikali Mfumu Alexander I anali kusaina pangano manyazi a Tilsit Russia. chikhalidwe Aika anali Russian lonjezo kulowa anatseka misewu chokhala la Britain. Komabe, kwa Russia zinali disadvantageous onse andale ndi mawu a zachuma. Alexander I wa Pangano wakhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa munthu wotopa ndi mwakale, ndiye anaswa Russian mu 1810 zinthu chokhala anatseka misewu. Izi, komanso chilakolako cha Alexander I kubwezera ndi kubwerera kwa otayika mu nkhondo yapita katundu dera lawo, ndi chikuchititsa mavuto a Nkhondo ya 1812. mbali zonse zamveka kusapeŵeka kwa kumenyana kuyambira 1810. Napoleon mwachangu anaponya makamu awo ku Poland, kupanga bridgehead kumeneko. Nawonso Russian Mfumu anakoka pamodzi waukulu magulu ankhondo mu chigawo kumadzulo.
Nkhondo ya 1812: chidule cha zochitika zazikulu
kuwukira Napoleon anayamba June 12, 1812, pamene iye ndi 600,000th asilikali ake mtsinje Neman. asilikali Russian kuchuluka kwa 240 zikwi. Anthu anakakamizika duu pamaso pa amphamvu za mdani. Munali nkhondo zazing'onozing'ono monga ngati pafupi Polotsk. Woyamba nkhondo yaikulu zinachitika August 3 m'dera Smolensk. Chigonjetso anapita ku French, koma Russian anatha kupulumutsa mbali ya asilikali ake. Nkhondo ankasinthana, pamene asilikali Russian athamangisa luso pulani Mikhail Kutuzov. Tikuyankhula zokhudza wotchuka nkhondo ya Borodino komwe kunachitika kumapeto August. Bwino kusankha dera ndi malo Pamalo a asilikali, mtsogoleri zoweta anatha kupereka zomvetsa yaikulu ya gulu lankhondo la adani. Nkhondo ya Borodino inatha mu mochedwa August 12 mwadzina chigonjetso cha Napoleon. Komabe, zomvetsa katundu wa asilikali French, pamodzi ndi wosagwirizana mu mayiko ena Mbali yaikulu chinathandiza mthunzi wake ku Russia m'tsogolo. September 2, Kutuzov anapangidwa, monga kunapezeka, kutali akuthwa kusankha kusiya likulu, amene anadza pa tsiku Napoleon. Last anakhala pamenepo mpaka 7 October pokonzekera kugonja kapena osachepera chiyambi cha zokambirana ndi mbali Russian. Komabe, moto mzindawo, zikutha m'mayiko ankhondo Napoleon ndi zigawenga nkhondo ya wamba m'dera anakakamizika iye kuti achoke likulu. Popeza m'ma November nkhondo amatenga kukhota osiyana. Tsopano njala ndipo watopa French asilikali kuchokera Russia ndi njira mgwirizano adatayika ndipo Russian mafoni amagwira awononge ankalimbana ndi. Final kugonjetsedwa zinachitika pa November 14-16 pa Berezina Mtsinje. Russian kumanzere 30 okha 000 asilikali Napoleonic.
Nkhondo ya 1812: mwachidule zotsatira
Nkhondo inakhudza kwambiri pa mbiri Russian. Zotsatira za nkhondo ya 1812 zimatsutsana. Pa dzanja limodzi, kwachititsa kuwonongeka kwambiri kuti chuma cha dziko, zomangamanga ndi kuthekera anthu. Pa zina - kuloledwa January 1813 kuti ayambe kukopa kunja a asilikali Russian, mathero chiwonongeko cha ku French Ufumu ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa Bourbons mu izo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kubwezeretsa ankhanza reactionary ndi lonse la Afrika. Chimachita chofunika kwambiri anagwira pa mkati njira umoyo ndi zachuma ndi chikhalidwe mu Russia. Choncho, kupita ku Europe alonda anapanga maziko a magulu demokalase mu dziko, zinachititsa zipolowe za Decembrists mu 1825.