Nkhondo ya Austerlitz mu 1805: mwatsatanetsatane. Amene adalamulira asilikali Russian mu nkhondo ya Austerlitz?

Kagulu Bavarian m'mudzi wa Austerlitz amayembekezeka kulowa mbiri ya dziko, kuyambira pafupi December 2, 1805 kunali nkhondo, ndi zapamwamba soma chachikulu nkhondo pa nkhondo Napoleonic. Iwo 73000th French asilikali anagonjetsa manambala kuposa Mgwirizano ake odana Napoleonic. Nkhondo ya Austerlitz imatengedwa kupambana kwa zamtendere ndi asilikali namatetule wa Napoleon.

Mkangano wa mafumu atatu

Nthawi zina amatchedwa "Nkhondo Zitatu mafumu pa Austerlitz." Ndipo izo ndi zoona ndithu, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa Napoleon munda wa nkhondo tsiku limenelo fateful panafika anthu awiri personages ena August - pa Russian Mfumu Alexander I ndipo Austria Franz II. Kumvetsa zifukwa mphamvu zawo Inabuka bloodbath, kuyenera kubwerera zaka ziwiri zapitazo pamene France anapangana ndi England otchedwa Mtendere wa Amiens.

Kukonza zoti anagonjetsa England

Walemba pa pepala, kwenikweni linangowapatsa wofuna French mfumu nthawi kukonzekera nkhondo ya British Isles, ndi adani wotsatira wa London. The British anamvetsa bwino kwambiri ndipo mpake chipulumutso chawo posankha Africa yotsatira wachitatu mu mzere, ndi Mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi Napoleon. Izo analengedwa ndi analipo kufikira tsiku mpaka kuthyoka koopsya kwa nkhondo ya Austerlitz.

Chaka chino unali wotchuka ndi chochuluka zolinga kwambiri wofuna mfumu ya French, ndipo iye anali kwambiri ndithu atanganidwa ndi cholinga yolanda London. Chifukwa chaichi, mu Boulogne, pafupi Paris, tinali nawo nkhondo wokonzeka zonse a asilikali, amene ntchito zinali kufika English Channel, kusamukira ku likulu English. Chinalepheretsa kukhazikitsa anakonza French asilikali Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, vuto limene Napoleon sanayembekezere squadron ndi, anafuna kuti mayendedwe a asilikali kudutsa njirayi.

nyumba mgwirizano

Posachedwapa, Mgwirizano analengedwa kuchokera limati chidwi kuthetsa zolinga aukali wa Napoleon. ophunzira ake ali Russia, Austria ndi England yekha. Komabe, maudindo awo ali, kuziyika izo modekha, ndi m'goli. England nawo mwachindunji mu Nkhondo sanamvere, ndipo ankagwira ndalama ya ndalama asilikali. Austria anali pa nkhondo, koma nkhondo pa nkhondo anatsogolera 25 zikwi asilikali, pamene Russian panali 60 chikwi. Choncho, nkhondo ya Austerlitz onse kulemera adagwa pa mapewa a asilikali Russian, amene Komabe, mbiri akubwerezedwa.

Zolinga koyamba Mgwirizano

Tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa njira European. Iwo anayamba dongosolo wofuna kwambiri zithetsedwe Napoleon ndi nkhondo ya Austerlitz anali zotsatira chakuti wakhala kokha pa pepala. Malinga ndi chitukuko, kuti nkhondo akanayenera nawo anthu oti kuposa zinali kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, mu kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi amene angakuthandizeni Napoleon a - Denmark - ndimayenera kuyika pafupifupi 100,000th Russian-English corpus.

angakuthandizeni ina France - Bavaria - anali kuukira magulu ankhondo 85 masauzande Austria Corps molamulidwa ndi wotchuka pa nthawi ya General K. Mack. Kumuthandiza mwa Russia atapereka asilikali M. I. Kutuzova. Pamwamba pa Austria Archduke kulangizidwa, kugodomalitsa French kuchokera kumpoto Italy, kuyamba ulendo wopambana pa gawo French. Tikadati kuzindikira osachepera theka la anakonza, asadandaule kwambiri fated 1805 nkhondo ya Austerlitz kuti si chichitike. Koma tsoka naye kutaya njira yake.

Zokhumba za Mfumu Russian

M'njira zambiri anatumikira chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa kudzikuza kwambiri a ndiye mnyamata ndi wofunitsitsa ambulansi asilikali Lavrov Aleksandra I. Chief wa makamu MI Kutuzov anali ndi kumenyana. Nkhondo ya Austerlitz, mu maganizo ake, anali mwadzidzidzi osati zoopsa chifukwa adani. Iye amasonyeza MPATUKO dala, amene adzatha kutambasula monga mmene Adani zotheka ndi mwayi pa kubera reinforcements, kuti iwo nkhonya oopsa flanks lapansi.

The dongosolo, wololera, koma sunakhale kudya ndi waluso chigonjetso, anakanidwa ndi mfumu. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amene anaphimba zochitika izi mtsogolo, ndi chimodzi mwa maganizo awo, ngakhale kuti mu nkhondo ya Austerlitz asilikali Russian analamula Kutuzov kwenikweni zochita anagwidwa ndi Alexander. Pa nkhondo aang'ono ndi ogwirizana analimbikitsa - ndi Austrians, monga Vienna anali nthawi yomweyo anagwidwa ndi French, ndipo ankayesetsa kuti amasulidwe oyambirira.

mapulani mwatsatanetsatane Napoleon

Pamene anagwirizana mphamvu nkhondo inali isanakwane, osakonzekera choncho owononga Austerlitz mu 1805, ndiye kuti Napoleon anali chokha mwatsatanetsatane zochita zinthu ofala panthawiyo. Mwangwiro potaya zinthu, iye anauyamba kuteteza mthunzi mdani, ndipo motero kumanga cha nkhondoyi. The French Mfumu ankadziwa kuti ogwirizana tikudikira kufika kwa reinforcements kwambiri ku Prussia, wokonzeka kulumikizana odana ndi Napoleonic mgwirizano.

phunziro mwatsatanetsatane za zochita Napoleon ndi umalimbana kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi, ife tikhoza kuona ndi mmene kuchenjerera iye anali atakhala ukonde wake. Kwambiri mofatsa zochita anatha kutsimikizira asilikali anagwirizana mu kufooka kwawo, kukayikira, ndi cholinga adzatulukemo. Komanso ngakhale chikwiyire iwo kuti nkhondo pamwamba ndendende malo amene anali opindulitsa kwa iye.

Mtendere tawuni Slovaks

dziko limene munali nkhondo ya Austerlitz mu 1805, lero m'manja mwa Czech Republic, ndi kumene kunali kumudzi Bavarian, amene anapereka dzina mmodzi wa nkhondo lalikulu mu mbiriyakale, tsopano amakhala mwamtendere moyo yaing'ono tauni Slovakia. Alendo, kukayamba, n'zokayikitsa kuti zaka 210 zapitazo, pa minda awa wobiriwira ndi zitunda adasonkhana makamu atatu amphamvu kwambiri Europe.

Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane wa Nkhondo ya Austerlitz mu 1805, chidwi yekha kuti asilikali, tiona yekha magawo chachikulu cha nkhondo. Ndi wosavuta kuti achire ndi pakuona ambiri komanso ophunzira mu zochitika izi. The kwambiri kuti nkhondo kwa zaka zambiri wakhala mutu wa nkhani zambiri ndi kafukufuku.

Nkhondo ya Austerlitz: mwachidule za mfundo zake zazikulu

Choncho, December 2, 1805. Iwo anayamba wotchuka nkhondo ya Austerlitz nkhonya chinaperekedwa ndi ogwirizana pa pambali lamanja la mdani, kumene asilikali analamula polimbana Davoust. Potsatira njira ya anakamba payekha payekha Napoleon, patapita kukana mwachidule, anayamba abwerere, kuchititsa mbali ya adani kuzunzidwa ndi kukokera iwo mu otsika chinyontho. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, French anakwanitsa kwambiri kufooketsa likulu la asilikali anagwirizana.

Monga ndanenera kale, mu Nkhondo ya Austerlitz asilikali Russian analamula Kutuzov, koma phukusi la Alexander Ine, izo zinali wopanda kanthu. An mkulu anakumana ankadziwa kuti mdani akukonzekera msampha, koma kumvera kwa mfumu, anakakamizika kupereka dongosolo kuti counterattack ndi polimbana kwawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi udindo chapakati cha anagwirizana asilikali anali kumugonjetsa kwa mdani.

Kolowera wa pambali yakumanzere ya anagwirizana

Napoleon sanazengereze kuukira gawo wofooka wa asilikali kamenyedwe ka wina wa mkulu wake wotchuka - polimbana Soult. Kodi chachitika ndi mu mbiri dziko la nkhondo ndi nthawi yoyamba kugonjetsedwa kwa makamu. asilikali anagwirizana analaswa ndi theka, ndipo aliyense wa mbali chifukwa cha ayendetsa cha mdani mphezi-kudya unazunguliridwa ndi asakhalenso reinforcements zotheka.

Koma zochitika chidwi kwambiri zinachitika pa nthawi pansi kumanzere ogwirizana phiko. Popitiriza amanyansidwa ndi asilikali molamulidwa ndi kulamulira Davoust, iwo ali mu thumba weniweni ndipo anafa pansi pa moto waukulu ndi French. Ku chiwonongeko unathandizapo mu nthawi dzaapulumusa Kavalo alonda, molamulidwa ndi General Ni Depreradovicha. Iwo anatenga moto mdani, ndipo mtengo wa ambiri mwa anthu anapatsidwa mwayi kutuluka moto atazunguliridwa mbali.

Mthunzi, opulumutsidwa asilikali

Pewani zowononga mantha mu Zikatero kukuchitika chifukwa choti kukakumana ndi anakwanitsa kuchotsa mmodzi wa ambiri odziwa Russian asilikali D. S. Dohturova. Iye anali wokhoza kuti tikuona kwa chilengedwe kale m'malo kupatulira chiwerengero cha asilikali ndi kulinganiza mthunzi, kusunga asilikali omenyana okonzeka. Komabe, anagwirizana zomvetsa zinali zoopsa. Mbiri yakale amati tsiku limenelo pa munda wa kunkhondo pena anthu 27,000, ndi 21,000 a iwo anali Russian.

Komabe, kuphunzira mfundo za Nkhondo ya Austerlitz mu 1805, akatswiri a mbiri yakale amavomereza kuti zomvetsa ngakhale chochuluka kupewedwa ndi malangizo molondola osankhidwa kunyamuka. Pa mapiko kumanzere kwa anagwirizana asilikali anali zopezera lonse mayiwe, wotchedwa Sychanske. Iwo sanali kwambiri, ndipo mwa iwo anatumizayo kuthawa asilikali, General Dokhturov. Pamene adani anamaliza kuwoloka, kunapezeka kuti sangatikhululukire oponya mivi ndi French, amene adaganiza kuti titsatire mdani kudzera chopunthwitsa madzi.

Kutha kwa Coalition ndi Chachitatu

French Nkhondo ya Austerlitz ndalama miyoyo 12,000, koma kupambana nkhondo nkhondoyi mbali yawo, ndipo iwo anatuluka kuti Mupambane. The onongani kugonjetsedwa kwa adani m'njira zambiri anasintha bwino mphamvu pandale ku Ulaya. Kuyambira tsopano, Napoleon Bonapart malinga chifuniro chake olamulira a mphamvu yaikulu. Sititha achire kugonjetsedwa kwa Austria mwa nkhondo ndi kusainira ndi akumane kwambiri Mtendere. Wachitatu odana Napoleonic Mgwirizano anakomoka ignominiously.

Pamene uthenga wa kugonjetsedwa anafika Russia, izo chisoni lonse mwapang'onopang'ono ammudzi. Pa zaka 100 kuti kuchokera zochitika zomvetsa chisoni Narva, pamene Petro Ndadziwa kuwawa kugonja, asilikali Russian unali wosagonjetseka. Glorious zamunthawi ya Victoria nthawi ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth ndi Catherine Wachiwiri anavomereza Russia kukhulupirira mu invincibility wa asilikali ake. Komabe, monga m'nthawi onani uthenga womvetsa chisoni sanali kugwedeza mzimu kukonda dziko lako kapena m'gulu lankhondo, ndiponso anthu.

Kufotokoza ntchito imeneyi asilikali, olemba mbiri ndayesera funsolo chomwe chili anapambana ndipo anataya mu 1805, Napoleon? Nkhondo ya Austerlitz, ndithu anazindikira chipambane namatetule wa asilikali ake, koma sanamulole kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu - chiwonongeko chotheratu wa makamu ndiwe wa mgwirizano ankhanza. Kwa nthawi zina za Napoleon anakhala wolamulira wa Europe, komabe tsiku lililonse zivute zitani kumabweretsa ubwenzi wake Waterloo, komwe mu 1815 chinali kudzaonekera kwamuyaya falitsani nyenyezi ya wanzeru Chikosika.