Asilikali tithe Russia: History ndi Modernity

Mawu akuti "udindo usilikali" limatanthauza malo amene zatenga asilikali a asilikali ndi bulu ndi asilikali ena. mutu uliwonse kumapereka lingaliro kuti mtumiki wake wa ufulu ndi udindo omwe malamulo ndi malangizo a asilikali.

tithe asilikali anaonekera, osaonekanso, zayambika pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha boma ndi anthu. Mwa kuphunzira mbiri yawo, mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za chitukuko ya zachitetezo ya Boma.

Mutu woyamba anaonekera mu Russia mmbuyo mu XII-XIII zaka zambiri. Ngakhale usilikali iwo akhoza kutchedwa Tambasula. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anasankha udindo uliwonse utsogoleri. Mchikakamizo cha Chitata Mongolia mu Russia pali mabungwe mabungwe amenewa nkhondo monga desyatsky, kukanena, tysyatsky, koma alipo osati maukulu onse ndi winawake mkulu uyu kapena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu. Mwa njira, iwo kenako anakhala bwino zokwanira ntchito Cossacks chomwecho.

Woyamba moona Russian tithe asilikali inachokera ku 1647, pamene Alexis Analeredwa ndi dziko loyamba malamulo asilikali. lamulo limeneli linali lofunika chifukwa ndi nthawi ino, pamodzi ndi gulu chikhalidwe ntchito kwambiri nthawi zonse pofuna kuteteza dziko anayamba kuimba oponya mivi ndi otchedwa "alumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano." Onse tithe asilikali pa hayala anali m'magulu awiri - wamba ndi logwirika, amene kwenikweni amafanana alonda lero. Apa ife mizu kale ntchito nthawi imeneyi mutu wa msilikali, polupolkovnik, msilikali. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII la asilikali Russian ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wa brigadier ambiri ndipo, limodzi ndi polupolkovnikom ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bwino kwambiri ife Udindo - msilikali wamkulu.

Yofunika kwambiri mu njira ya kulamula m'gulu lankhondo la asilikali Russian ankaimba ndi oyamba mu 1722 ndi Petro Table a maudindo. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi anayambitsanso mndandanda bwino maudindo womangidwa kwa ntchito yeniyeni. Tikumbukenso kuti Table kumaphatikizapo chokha chiwerengero cha asilikali, kuyambira ndi mkulu, gulu m'munsi motsatira malamulo oyenera kutsata.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa asilikali Russian anali kuti analandira mu mutu alonda kuonedwa ndi notches awiri kuposa zopezera ochiritsira mayunitsi asilikali. Zimenezi anapambana mpaka 1884, pamene Russian tithe zonse zankhondo, inde ndipo sipadzakhalanso mu mkhalidwe wawo.

Komanso ochepa mwayi anali gunners, mutu umene imatengedwa sitepe imodzi mpaka 1884 kuposa mafupa yachibadwa. Izi anali kugwirizana ndi zofunika kuchuluka amene amafotokoza mlingo wa chidziwitso cha amene anali mu magulu awa.

tithe asilikali wa USSR mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo October kuukira boma anali kuphatikiza udindo lamulo ndi otchedwa "siyana utumiki": mkulu brigade, mtsogoleri, mtsogoleri squadron, mkulu Corps. Only mu 1935 chiwerengero cha asilikali, kupatulapo ochepa, abwezeretsedwa mu mawonekedwe amene akhala mu Ufumu wa Russia Russia. Komabe, ena a iwo anayamba kuwomba m'njira yosiyana: Mwachitsanzo, m'malo munda polimbana wapamwamba asilikali udindo wa dziko anakhala kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union.

Isanayambe nkhondo ndi Germany mu 1940, posts onse lamulo Pamapeto pake m'malo ndi akazembe ndi udindo wa asilikali, yemwe ankayenera kusonyeza kusintha kwa Soviet zachitetezo ku gawo lina.

tithe lankhondo la USSR pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kuti masinthidwe zazing'ono: mu mayunitsi Alonda anayamba ntchito "Alonda" manambala oyambirira anali adzasonkhanitsa ndipo adzasonkhanitsa waukulu osiyana mitundu ya asilikali (oti muli nazo zida, zida zankhondo, ndege). Komanso, mu 1945 panali latsopano apamwamba udindo - Generalissimo la Soviet Union, anapatsidwanso kwa Stalin.

tithe lankhondo la USSR inakhala maziko a maudindo mu Russian asilikali ano. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha yotsirizira panthawi kusintha asilikali anali inathetsedwa tithe ndi alonda chilolezo. Mutu wa msilikali chachiwiri, ngakhale pali pafupifupi palibe anapatsidwa.