Imfa ya cruiser "Varyag" (mwachidule). Date, mbiri, malo imfa

The cruiser "Varyag" inamangidwa 1899. chombo chidafika mbali ya Pacific zombo. Madzulo a Chirasha Japanese nkhondo "Varyag" Ine ndinapita kwa ndale Korea doko la Inch'on (ano Incheon). Apa iye ali kutaya ya Russian ofesi ya kazembe. Icho chinali gunboat "Korea" wachiwiri ngati chotengera.

Madzulo a nkhondo

Madzulo a latsopano 1904 Captain Vsevolod Rudnev adalandira chinsinsi yosiyanasiyana uthenga. Zinamveka kuti mfumu Korea anaphunzira za kayendedwe ka sitima khumi Japanese kwa Chemulpo (imfa ya cruiser ndi "Varyag" zinachitika pa nthawi imodzi mu Bay a doko). Pakali pano palibe panalibe nkhondo, koma m'mayiko awiriwa likukonza izo. Mu Russia, ndi Japanese ankachitira condescendingly, chifukwa cha zimene asilikali ndi bulu anali ndi vuto, pamene nkhondo kutangoyamba mwakhama.

Japanese zombo analamula asilikali Sotokiti Uriu. zombo ake anafika ku gombe la Korea kuphimba ndegeyo. The flotilla anali kuletsa "Varyag", ngati aganiza kuti utuluke mwa Bay ndi kanthu kulanda asilikali dziko. January 27 (Old kalendala), zombo mdani anaonekera mu madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Linali tsiku loyamba la Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

Zimene zikuchitika ku doko la Inch'on zovuta chifukwa chakuti panali zotengera za m'mayiko ena: UK, France, Italy ndi United States. M'mawa wa pa January 27 Japanese asilikali Uriu nthumwi zawo kuti uthenga umene iye Adzalimbana Russian zombo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zombo ndale anafunsidwa kuchoka pamsewu maola 16 Choncho iwo anabwera pansi moto. Azungu analidziwitsa Captain Rudnev za kupewa Japanese. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti nkhondo mosalephera, ngakhale kuphwanya bwino malamulo adziko lonse lapansi (sewero nyimbo mu lachitatu doko dziko).

Njira ya zombo Japanese

Ndi m'mawa kale anamaliza ankafika la asilikali dziko zikwi zitatu. Tsopano sitima zapamadzi apita ku malo a nkhondowo ndi asilikali zombo kuyamba kukonzekera kuukira m'tsogolo. doko unali kuoneka moto pa ankafika ya Japanese. mdani mwadala maganizo kukakamizidwa oyendetsa Russian. Imfa zozizwitsa za cruiser "Varyag" anasonyeza kuti kufuna onsewa silingayende bwino. amalinyero Russian ndi alonda anali okonzeka kanthu, ngakhale kuti anali kudikira manyazi a adani owathandiza penyani ankafika ntchito.

Pakali pano, atsogoleri a zotengera yachilendo anatumizidwa kuukira analembera Japanese. pepala ili sagwira ntchito. Palibe njira ina ndinu alendo sanayese n'komwe. Anachoka zombo zawo padoko ndipo sindikufuna zimapezeka pa nkhondo. cruiser Russian ndi gunboat anali oletsedwa mu Bay lapansi. Tulukani mu nyanja, iwo sakanakhoza, chifukwa msewu chatsekedwa Japanese zombo khumi. Imfa wotsatira wa cruiser "Varyag" zinachitika chifukwa cha mlili ziwalo ndi inept lamulo la ntchito ku Port Arthur. Bulu atsogoleri zinthu mosaganiza bwino. Sanayese kupewa ngozi, ngakhale malipoti akuyandikira Japanese zombo anafika kwa miyezi ingapo yapitayi.

"Varyag" masamba Chemulpo

Captain Vsevolod Rudnev, pozindikira kuti kudikira thandizo kwa alendo kapena mabwana awo analikodi, anaganiza zichoke Bay ndi kutenga nkhondo. Palibe funso la capitulation sangapite mosavuta. Pa 10 am, mkulu anafika ku cruiser ndipo anandiuza alonda za maganizo ake. Maganizo onse anali chimodzi - kuyesera kubooleza, ndipo ngati pofuna sichitha, ndiye kumira sitimayo.

madokotala anayamba kukonza woyamba nkhondo. Madokotala, anamwino ndi akuchipatala okonzeka siteshoni kuvala. Kwa masiku angapo otsatira, iwo aiwala zimene maloto - iwo anali ndi ntchito kwambiri. Pa 11:00 Rudnev anapanga kulankhula chabe pamaso gulu lonse. Oyendetsa amapereka mkulu wa mokweza "Hurray!". Palibe bogey imfa ya cruiser "Varyag", palibe amene amafuna kusiya, manja ake apangidwe pasadakhale. Similar anali poyankha "Korea". Ngakhale wophika, amene anali antchito ndi wamba anakana kuchoka Sitima chitetezo kazembe wa. Pamene "Varyag" akuchoka doko, anthu oyendetsa yachilendo alimbane pa adzikometsa a zombo zawo. Choncho French, Italy ndi British analipira msonkho kwa mtima ogwira ntchito, lomwe linali kutsogolo kwa nkhondo ndi wosiyana. Popeza "Varyag" ankaimba nyimbo za fuko la maiko atatuwa.

The chiŵerengero cha mphamvu

Kodi squadron anali kukumanizana ndi cruiser "Varyag"? Mbiri ya kuwonongedwa kwa sitimayo sikanatha konse kuchitika, nkhondo mu zinthu zina za nkhondo. Aliyense chombo Japanese anali mwa luso lake. Kupatulapo anali "Asama" - imodzi yabwino cruisers oti muli nazo zida lonse. "Varyag" anali chimake cha lingaliro la Scout amphamvu ndi mkulu-liwiro. mwayi waukulu pankhondo anali othamanga anaukira ndi lalifupi, koma nkhonya kuimbidwa kwa mdani.

makhalidwe onsewa "Varyag" akanazigwiritsa kusonyeza nyanja, kumene ndi malo akamagwiritsa. Koma malo ake, ndipo kenako, malo a imfa ya cruiser "Varyag" anali mu fairway yopapatiza, wodzala shoals ndi miyala. Izi zikachitika, chombo sakanakhoza omwazika ndi bwino kuukira adani. Chifukwa cha njira yopapatiza, ndi cruiser anali kupita pa ndege kuchokera Japanese. Choncho, zotsatira za nkhondo anatsimikiza kokha mwa chiŵerengero cha mfuti. Mu khumi zombo zambiri kuposa cruiser ndi gunboat.

Makamaka zinthu chiyembekezo anakhala chifukwa cha "Asama" kukhalapo. Mfuti ya cruisers zinali pafupifupi invulnerable, chifukwa zobisika kuseri wandiweyani turret zida. Yerekezerani: mu Russian chombo zida zankhondo inagwirizana ndi sitimayo. Komanso theka la "Korea" mfuti zinali chabe achikale. Pa nkhondo iwo zambiri wofooka.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo

zombo Japanese anakonzeratu malo imfa ya cruiser "Varyag", pafupi mailosi khumi ku Korea Chemulpo. Pamene squadron anakumana, Ine akutsatiridwa ndi chizindikiro kufunsa yobereka. "Varyag" monyadira anati kanthu mwatsatanetsatane ichi. Akatemera choyamba ndi "Asama" ananeneratu za 12 maola. Iwo anali pa nthawi imene zombo anali pa mtunda wa pafupifupi makilomita 8 padera.

Aliyense ankadziwa kuti imfa mosalephera wa cruiser "Varyag". Komabe, pankhondo izo Analeredwa. mphindi ziwiri pambuyo akatemera loyamba la Japanese anayamba zeroing kumanja kwa "Varyag". Iwo imatsogoleredwa ndi Kuzma Khvatkov - Gunnery Senior. Pamaso nkhondo ku chipatala iye anapangidwa pambuyo opaleshoni. Kuphunzira za nkhondo likudzalo, Gunnery adamfunsa kumaliseche ndipo posakhalitsa anafika pa bolodi "Varyag". Khvatkov ndi osowa mtima kuwombera anapitiriza mosadodometsedwa mu nkhondo, ngakhale pambuyo zonse kudzathandiza wake anaphedwa ndiwobvulazidwa.

The projectile poyamba kugunda Japanese anawononga chapamwamba m'mphuno mlatho n'kusokoneza jib shrouds. Chifukwa cha ichi, moto mu chipinda tchati. Otsatidwa ndi kuphulika kuti anapha junior kuyenda panyanja Alekseya Niroda ndi signalman Gabriel Mironov. Wozimitsa moto anali mtsogoleri wa Timoteo Shlikov - molimba mtima ndiponso mosazengereza boatswain.

Moto pa bolodi

Utsi wa utsi wakuda anali zizindikiro koyamba kuti chinali imfa ya cruiser "Varyag". Tsiku January 27, 1905 linali tsiku kulimba mtima ndi khama la adalira Russian. Moto analola Japanese mosavuta kusintha moto pa mdani. Mfuti "Varyag" tselili makamaka "Asama". Moto zida kuboola projectiles, kuti kunadetsa nkhawa bii zida chakumene mkati sitimayo. Choncho, kuwonongeka chifukwa cha Japanese, sanali motero, monga moto mu cruiser Russian.

The cruiser "Asama" anatsogolera moto diversionary. Iye amatengeka chidwi za "Varyag" mfuti, choncho zombo zina za zombo Japanese akanakhoza ndi kulangidwa kuponyera mdani. Zipolopolo ayamba kugunda chandamale. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono kuyandikira imfa ya cruiser "Varyag". Photos of adalira amunamuna chombo wake posachedwapa kugunda manyuzipepala onse a m'dziko.

Koma tsiku January 27 oyendetsa ndi alonda anali bwino osati m'tsogolo. Pambuyo wina anamenyedwa linawala sitimayo plating. The amoto woopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pafupi panali dongosolo kupereka chizindikiro, komanso zikepe. Flames anayesa kuzimitsa Jets wamphamvu wa madzi amaperekedwa ku payipi ya. Apa n'kuti gunners ataima ndi mfuti lotseguka anagwa akufa chifukwa cha mmene kanyamaka koopsa splinters, anakweza zipolopolo mdani.

Madokotala ntchito mwachidwi ndi mwakachetechete. Chakudya anavulazidwa kuchuluka. Anthu amene alandira kuvulala kwambiri, ndi mphamvu kuti apite kuchipatala nokha. Pang'ono anavulazidwa samapereka tcheru kuti kuwonongeka ndi kukhala pa nsanamira awo. Izi zozizwitsa ndi sikunachitekepo anali imfa ya cruiser "Varyag". Ndipo gunboat, ndi sitima zazikulu zinachitika kuti pansi moto katundu mdani, kuti revel mu ukulu wawo lapadera.

mchitidwe

Pamene "Varyag" ubwenzi yekha ku Chemulpo mailosi eyiti, woyendetsa anaganiza kuti uone bwino kutuluka moto ndi kulowa nkhondo Cannon kumanzere. Sitima inayamba akamagwiritsa, ndipo nthawi imeneyi chombo anakantha zipolopolo akuluakulu awiri. Imfa zozizwitsa za cruiser "Varyag" wakhala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuphulika chotengera anataya chiwongolero. Part wa zinyalala anagwa molunjika wheelhouse, kumene kuwonjezera kapitawo ena akapitawo ndi oimba. Anafa drummer ndipo likulu bugler, ambiri anavulala, koma palibe amene amafuna kupita kuchipatala ndi kusiya Rudnev.

Chifukwa imfa choyendetsa anauzidwa kuti apite kwa ntchito zamanja. Palibe ankafuna mdani mosavuta anapatsidwa imfa ya cruiser "Varyag". nkhondo Chirasha Japanese zinali zitayamba ndipo anali akadali patsogolo nkhondo ambiri, sitima Russian anapezeka laling'onolo. oyeretsa atamaliza "Varyag" adalira anasonyeza zozizwitsa za kulimba mtima ndi kudzipereka kwa ntchito.

Cruiser chinatsika kuti zombo mdani pa mtunda wa makilomita asanu. Japanese moto itakula. Inali pa nthawi iyi, "Varyag" anali kwambiri kwambiri ndi oopsa kuvulala. Large-likungosonyeza projectile anakantha kumbuyo pa mbali doko. Maenje akuthovoka madzi, umene madzi anasefukira ndi kukatentha chipinda ndi khala ndi. Mu chipinda anathamangira quartermasters Zhigarev ndi Crane. Iwo kuteteza kufala kwa madzi ndi madzi osefukira wa kochegarok inayo. Mobwerezabwereza anachedwa imfa ya cruiser "Varyag". Mwachidule, oyendetsa Russian analimbana ndi Kuuma mtima, amene akupezeka yekha mwa anthu wathedwa inamupanikiza.

mthunzi

Pakali pano, "Korea" anayamba kuphimba "Varyag" wopanga mchitidwe zofunika. zipolopolo zake yaing'ono, potsiriza mwayi kulalikira kwa zombo mdani. Iwo anayamba kuwombera ayankhe. Posachedwa mmodzi wa cruisers Japanese zinagwira moto ndi wowonongayo wina ndi onse anayamba kumira. Pamene nayenso yatha, nkhondo nawo mfuti kumanzere. Gunners - Makhalidwe chachikulu cha nkhondo, anakwiya imfa ya comrades, kuwombera osaima. Zotsatira zake zinali osati kale kubwera. Mmodzi nkhondo ndi unawonongedwa aft mlatho "Asama" - yabwino ya cruisers Japanese. Mlembi wa kuwombera bwino anali gunner Fyodor Elizarov, nditaima kuseri zisanu ndi mamilimita chida nambala 12.

Analepheretsa kapitawo anatumiza chombo ku msewu, kuyesera kuti akuchedwa kuwonongedwa kwa cruiser "Varyag". Tsiku la mwambo umenewu wakhala mmodzi wa yowala ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri mu mbiri ya zombo Russian. Ndi 13 koloko nkhondo anasiya "Varyag" potsiriza anali kumbuyo m'misewu.

Pa nkhondo atamasulidwa zoposa 1100 zipolopolo. Adalira wataya theka gulu ali sitimayo chapamwamba. Fans ndi maboti akhala inasanduka sefa. Sitimayo ndipo gulu analandira mabowo ambiri, nchifukwa chake ndi "Varyag" anaonekera ndandanda doko.

Madzi osefukira cruiser

sitima za mayiko ena, pamaso ataima pa misewu, wokonzeka kusiya doko, si kusokoneza Japanese kuthetsa Russian. Rudnev, ndipo akuona zinthu, ndinazindikira kuti cruiser anataya ambiri a mphamvu yake nkhondo. nkhondo zinali zosatheka pa nkhani zimenezi. Pa yochepa bungwe la nkhondo kapitawo anaganiza kutsegula scuttle ndi kumira sitimayo.

Gulu anayamba kuthawa. Anavulazidwa oyendetsa ndi alonda zapita mnzake mu mikono yawo. "Korea" anali kuyandikira imfa ya cruiser "Varyag" ndi bwato. Ambiri mwa Russian anasamukira ku khoti ndale. Adalira otsiriza anasiya ngalawa kumira unakhalabe pa madzi. Wina ali ngalawa ndi kusambira, ndi Vasily Belousov anali atagwira ayezi floe pokonzekera kubwera kwa bwato French.

"Korea" anali litaphulitsidwa. Alendo anafunsidwa kuchita popanda ngati muyeso poyerekezera cruiser lapansi. choti kuti wreckage wa gunboat pa liwilo anakumana ndi pamwamba madzi pafupi zombo ndale. Ine Pereka "Varyag" anali wolimba. Chapatali kuti nthawi linamveka mabomba zambiri - ndi moto wakunyeketsa zipolopolo anapulumuka ndi zipolopolo. Pomaliza chombo kumira. chionongeko chomaliza cha "Varyag" cruiser tinaonera maola 18. Chifaniziro cha ngalawa, pamodzi ndi asilikali wosiyana mu nkhondo, ndi gulu lake amunamuna nthawizonse kukhala mu chikumbukiro cha zombo Russian.

Kubwerera kwa oyendetsa kunyumba

Pankhondo anapha anthu 23, 10 kwambiri anavulazidwa anamwalira mu zipatala pambuyo achoke pa. Adalira otsala m'ma February anapita kwawo. Imfa zozizwitsa za cruiser "Varyag" ndi gunboat "Korea" Maboti kuzindikirike padziko lonse. Oyendetsa ndi apolisi a dziko lililonse kumene iwo anaima, ndipo moni ndi chikondi ndi undisguised kwabasi. Kuchokera konsekonse ndi iwo anali matelegalamu ndi makalata.

A nthumwi lalikulu ogwira ntchito anzawo anakumana ku Shanghai, kumene kunali gunboat "Manchuria". Kazembe General wa Russian kazembe ku Constantinople anathamangira ku msonkhano ndi zilembo, ngakhale amasiya awo mwachidule mu mzinda. Ulemerero patsogolo pa Oyendetsa. Adalira amayenera kubwerera kwawo, anafika ku Odessa. Mtawuni muno kwa masabata angapo panali pokonzekera msonkhano wake.

M'sitimayo anafika ngwazi kupereka kwa George Cross. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti anali kupereka anthu onse ogwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za udindo wawo. Polemekeza sawatcha kufika maganizo. Mzinda wonse zolaula zili ponseponse Glee chikondwerero. A chimodzimodzi anali mu Sevastopol, kumene zombo Black Sea inachokera. April 10, 1904 600 oyendetsa ndi alonda 30 za "Varyag" ndi "Korea" wapadera M'gulu sitima anachoka St. Petersburg. M'njiramo sitima anaima Moscow komanso m'malo ogulitsira angapo. Kulikonse zonse sitima kuyembekezera anthu ndi nkhope loyamba la mzindawo.

16 wa oyendetsa potsiriza anali mu St. Petersburg. Pa nsanja ya siteshoni iye anakumana ndi Nicholas achibale, oimira bungwe mzinda, asilikali, anthu otchuka, ndi kumene tithe onse apamwamba a zombo Russian. Pa mutu wa khamu anaimirira General-asilikali Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich.

Oyendetsa anayenda zokongoletsa tchuthi Nevsky Prospekt. msewu anali odzaza ndi nzika mphamvu. Onse pamodzi Njira alimbane asilikali asilikali, amene anali kuletsa khamu. Gala oketsra anali asanamve ku maziko a kukuwa osaleka ndi chimwemwe. Pachimake mu msonkhano wa adalira ndi Tsar Nicholas II.

Tsoka zina za m'chombo

The Japanese anadabwa kwambiri khalidwe ndi mtima wa Russian. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfumu Mutsuito 1907 anatumiza Captain Vsevolod Rudnev Order ya Kutuluka digiri Sun II. Imfa ya cruiser "Varyag" chaka ndi chaka, anati osati Russia, komanso ku Japan. Tokyo anaganiza kulera ndi kukonza cruiser. Iye anali m'gulu la Imperial Navy ndi dzina lake "Soya". Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri izo ntchito ngati maphunziro chotengera. Dzina "Varyag" pa kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo anapulumutsidwa ku Japanese mu deference mtima wa a panyanjawa Russian ndi alonda. cruiser wina ngakhale anakamanga msasa Islands Hawaii.

Ndi mliri wa First World nkhondo, Russia ndi Japan anayamba lankhondo. Boma tsarist anagula "Varyag" kumbuyo. Mu 1916, iye anali pansi mbendera Russian anabwerera Vladivostok. chombo anasamutsidwa kuti zombo za Ocean Arctic. Madzulo wa February utasintha, ndi cruiser anapita ku UK kwa kukonza. Akuluakulu a dziko lino kuti uziyenda "Varyag", pamene Bolsheviks anakana kulipira ngongole ya boma tsarist. Mu 1920 chombo anagulitsidwa zidutswa ku Germany. Mu 1925 ndi cruiser wagwidwa mkuntho kanthawi kuti towed ndipo m'kupita anamiza mu Nyanja Irish.