Zokopa Ancient Greece. History of Ancient Greece

Chopunthira cha lamakonoli European salakwa ankaona Ancient Greece. boma ali ndi mphamvu zochita za chitukuko cha m'madera ambiri a moyo wa munthu - sayansi, mankhwala, ndale, luso ndi nzeru. Ena wakale zipilala Greek zimasungika masiku ano. Ndi za iwo ndi za mbiri ya mphamvu kamodzi kwambiri ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Ancient Greece ndi kufunika kwake m'mbiri

Pansi Ancient Greece mbiri yakale kumvetsa kuchotsedwa chitukuko, umene unatha pafupi zaka 3,000, kuchokera lachitatu Zakachikwi BC kwa Ine m'ma AD. Lingaliro kwambiri za "Ancient Greece" mu dera la lamakono si ntchito. Mu dziko lino, mapangidwe izi civilizational otchedwa Hellas, ndipo anthu ake - Hellenes.

Kufotokozera of Ancient Greece ayenera kuyamba ndi kufunika kwake ndi udindo mu chitukuko mbiri ya chitukuko Western. Choncho, olemba mbiri woona ndikukhulupirira kuti izo zinali mu Greece wakale maziko a European demokalase, nzeru, luso ndi mamangidwe. Boma Greek anagonjetsedwa ndi Rome, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anabwereka Roma ndi mbali yaikulu ya chikhalidwe wakale Greek.

Izi anamanganso la Greece wakale - si otchuka padziko lonse wokongola nthano ndi kufufuza mu sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, maphunziro komanso ndakatulo, mankhwala ndi zomangamanga. Tikumbukenso kuti dera la Greece wakale Kodi sizigwirizana ndi malire a boma ano. azambiriyakale Mawu nthaŵi zambiri zimakhudza expanses mayiko ena zigawo: Turkey, Cyprus, Crimea ndipo ngakhale Caucasus. Luso la Greece wakale anapulumuka madera onsewa. Komanso, wakale kuthetsa Greek (njuchi) anali kamodzi anamwazikana m'bali ya Mediterranean, Black ndi Azov Pacific.

Geography ndi mapu a Ancient Greece

Hellas sanali limodzi, monolithic boma pamaphunziro. Pa maziko ake unakhazikitsidwa oposa khumi ndi osiyana mzinda-limati (wotchuka kwambiri a iwo - Athens, Sparta, Piraeus, ku Samo Korinto). mayiko onse a Greece wakale anali otchedwa "ndondomeko" (m'mawu ena, mudzi), ndi dziko pafupi. Chilichonse ali malamulo yake.

Phata chapakati Ancient Greece ndi Balkan Peninsula, kapena kani, mbali kum'mwera, kumadzulo kwenikweni kwa Asia Minor, komanso kuchuluka kwa zilumba m'dera lino. Ancient Greece ndi madera atatu: Kumpoto kwa Greece, Central Greece ndi Peloponnese. Kumpoto kwa boma M'mphepete Macedonia ndi Illyria.

Mbiri Map of Ancient Greece ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Cities in Ancient Greece (malamulo)

Kodi mzindawo Greece wakale?

Sitingathe kunena kuti iwo anali ndi yowoneka bwino ndi wapamwamba tione mmene zilili zambiri ndimakonda Mwachitsanzo zithunzi. Ndipotu - ichi ndi nthano. Kaso ndi kumusangalatsa mu Greek mzinda-limati anaonekera yekha waukulu nyumba pagulu, koma nyumba ya nzika wamba anali wodzichepetsa.

mnyumba za anthu akhala akumanidwa chitonthozo iliyonse. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Agiriki akale ngakhale kugona kunja, pansi pakhonde panali. m'tawuni msewu maukonde wakhala osasamalira ndi kudwala-pakati: mbali yaikulu ya iwo ndi sanagwe dzuwa.

Zinthu zoopsa anali ku Atene, limene apaulendo ambiri a nthawi analankhula chipongwe. Komabe, chitonthozo ndipo m'kupita atagonjetsa m'nyumba Ahelene wamba. Choncho, kusintha chitukuko m'matauni ndi mapulani a misewu pa nthawi imeneyi Hippodamus wamanga la Mileto. Iye ndiye anali woyamba anafotokoza kuti malo a nyumba za mu mzinda ndi kuyesera kuti alimbikitsidwe mu mzere umodzi.

Kamangidwe zikhomo za Greece

Tsopano m'pofunika kukhala pa nkhani ina yofunika: wa Greece wakale anatisiyira ife, mwa mawu a zipilala zakuthupi?

Zokopa Ancient Greece - akachisi, amphitheatres, zotsalira za nyumba pagulu - zinasungidwa m'mayiko ambiri European. Koma ambiri a iwo, kumene, pa dera la lamakono a dzina lomweli.

Manda chofunika kwambiri wakale chikhalidwe zakuthupi ndi wakale Greek kachisi. Monga iwo omwe adamangidwa mu Hellas, chifukwa ankaganiza kuti milungu moyo okha. Izi zowoneka otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse la Greece wakale akuyima motsutsa maziko a manda ena a Greece wakale - ndi zotsala za Greek Acropolis ndi mabwinja ina yakale.

Parthenon

Mwina wotchuka kwambiri chipilala a zomangamanga zakale Greek ndi kachisi Parthenon. Linamangidwa mu 432 BC ku Athens, ndipo lero ndiyo kuzindikira chizindikiro alendo a Greece ano. Amadziwika kuti pomanga wamkuluyu Doric kachisi kutsogoleredwa ndi mapulani ndi Callicrates Iktinos, ndipo linamangidwa polemekeza mulungu wamkazi Athena - ndi patroness wa ku Aatene Acropolis.

Pamaso nthawi yathu bwino anasunga chigawo chapakati cha Parthenon ndi mizati makumi asanu. Pakati pa kachisi munakwanisa kuona buku la chosema a Athena, panthawi ya njovu ndi golide ndi Phidias - odziwika Greek zojambula ndi zosemasema.

Freese chapakati wapakamwa azigometsa ndi zithunzi zosiyana, ndipo pediments la kachisi - ndi ziboliboli zodabwitsa.

kachisi wa Hera

The zaka wamkulu kachisi wa Greece wakale ndi kachisi wa mulungu wamkazi Hera. Akatswiri amanena kuti inamangidwa ndi chimodzi m'ma BC. Mwatsoka, nyumbayi anasunga si wabwino kwambiri Parthenon pachiyambi m'zaka izo kwambiri kuonongeka ndi chivomezi.

Kachisi wa Hera lili Olympia. Malinga ndi nthano, inali kuperekedwa kwa anthu a Elis Olympians. Foundation siteji, komanso ochepa mizati - onse amene amapitiriza ntchito yomanga odzitukumula chibwenzi. Chimodzi Kodi mukuganiza iye ankawonekera mu nthawi akale aja.

Panthawiyo, kachisi wa Hera anali chokongoletsedwa ndi fano la Herme. Lero chosema kusungidwa mu Archaeological Museum wa Olympia. Amadziwika kuti Aroma wakale ntchito Hera kachisi ku Olympia monga malo. Lero malo awa wotchuka makamaka chifukwa chakuti lawi Olympic umayatsidwa madzulo wa Olympiad lotsatira.

kachisi wa Poseidon

Kachisi wa Poseidon, kapena m'malo mtembo wake zili pa Cape Sounion. Linamangidwa mu 455 BC. Iwo lidakalipobe mizati 15 okha, koma zimasonyeza ulemerero wa nyumbayi. Asayansi apeza kuti malo a kachisi, ngakhale kumanga kusanayambike inkayamba, panali kale anali malo ena olambirira. Tentatively iwo analembedwa VII m'ma BC.

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti mulungu Poseidon Agiriki - ndi katswiri wa nyanja ndi nyanja. Choncho N'zosadabwitsa Agiriki akale anasankha malo yomanga kachisi: pa chonyenga moyang'anizana ndi Nyanja ya Aegean. Mwa njira, pa malo Mfumu Aegeus analumpha kuchokera phompho otsetsereka, pamene iye anawona patali chombo cha mwana wake Theseus ndi wakuda kupalasa.

Pomaliza ...

Ancient Greece - ndi chinthu chenicheni mu mbiri ya chitukuko European, amene yathandiza yaikulu pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe European, sayansi, luso ndi mamangidwe. Zowoneka za Greece wakale - ndi akachisi ambiri otchuka, zotsalira za Acropolis ndi mabwinja kwabasi, zomwe lalikulu zedi anapulumuka. Today amakopeka nambala yaikulu alendo padziko lonse.