Kodi Gardens wa Babulo? Nthano, mfundo, mbiri

Seveni zodabwitsa kwambiri wakale, bwino kuti aliyense masiku sukulu, panali nthano kwa zaka. Si onse wapadera zipilala opangidwa anadza kwa ana, ambiri anawononga nthawi ankhanza, koma kukumbukira zolengedwa zodabwitsa moyo lero.

Akatswiri a dziko wakale zili zotsutsana za choonadi cha kukhalapo kwa ambiri a iwo, osati akatswiri a masiku ano okha kukayikira izo. Mwachitsanzo, akale Greek mbiri Herodotus, amene anayenda mu Mesopotamia, sanatchule ntchito yapadera, tikambirana lero, ngakhale izo zimayenera kumumenya ukulu wake.

Nthano za kupeza minda atapachikidwa

M'nkhani ino, tiyeni tikambirane za kumene Gardens wa Babulo - mmodzi wa zodabwitsa wofunika kwambiri dziko, osati dozhivshee masiku ano. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti inali ku chigawo choyamba cha anthu Babulo. Komabe, kanjedza ano sayansi anazindikira chiphunzitso cholakwika, kuti malo enieni a zochuluka munda mzinda ili makilomita 400 kuchokera pomwe ankafuna.

Mokweza mawu a Dr. Dalley

Wina mawu ncthito pa phunziro anapanga katswiriyo C. Dally wa Oxford kuti anakhala mu nthano kufufuza zaka makumi awiri a moyo wake. chakuti nkhani akulendewera minda zonse zosiyanasiyana zolakwika. Iye akhapidziwa kuti zokhudzana lanthano Mfumukazi Semiramisi, amene analamulira ku Asuri.

Koma magwero zilipo analembedwa anadziwika kuti anali amati anamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Nebukadinezara - mfumu, amene anaganiza m'njira kuchereza mkazi wake wokondedwa Amitis. Iye sakanakhoza azolowere moyo mu mzinda phokoso ndi yafumbi komanso nkhawa za mwamuna wake analamula kuti amange madzi wobiriwira imene kupuma chaka chonse mkazi wake.

The chipilala, olengedwa m'dzina la chikondi

Ndipo ndi funde la dzanja wolamulirayo anawuka analenga m'dzina la chipilala cha chikondi - Gardens wa Babulo. Kodi mzinda iwo anali? Mpaka posachedwapa kuti ankakhulupirira kuti inali ku pansi pakati pa chipululu Babulo, ndi mfumukazi, amene anafika ku mamazelo woyera ndi wobiriwira, anavutika kwambiri ku kusowa mpweya wabwino.

Amadziwika kuti minda atapachikidwa anaikidwa pa nsanja yayitali ndi madenga anayi chikugwirizana pinki ndi makwerero woyera ndi limbikitse mizati lonse. Pa mwamphamvu chokhudzana nsanja kuika wosanjikiza wa lapansi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti zinali zotheka pamtunda ngakhale mitengo zaka zakubadwa. Mwa njira, chifukwa zotsatira za akuyandama mu mlengalenga, kukwera zomera, bwino transitioning kwa magulu a masitepe, minda ankatchedwa kuŵeramitsa.

Chodabwitsa wachiwiri wa dziko

Kodi kulemba amuna sayansi Kale, anamanga mpanda Gardens Amitis kugwedezeka tinthu tating'ono: Kupanga kutalika ukufika mamita 250, kutalika ndi m'lifupi kilometre kuposa wina.

Pakuti kuthirira mbewu m'dera zinathera malita oposa 37 zikwi a madzi tsiku lililonse, ndipo panali anaika dongosolo choyambirira ulimi wothirira kuti amalola kukhala moyo wa malo wobiriwira kudzera zosiyanasiyana njira.

luso madzi sanali zatsopano mzinda, koma akukhulupirira kuti pamene izo zinafika ungwiro wake. Zofanana ndi zimenezi zinachitika mu dziko wotchuka Nsanja ya Babele. mawilo yaikulu atembenuza akapolo, chotero madzi anaimirira pamwamba kwambiri pa munda, umene unaturuka masitepe, twined amadyera. Kunja Palace anthu ambiri osauka pang'ono kufa ndi ludzu chifukwa madzi panthawi imeneyo anali pa yambiri, koma pano izo ziri ngati mtsinje, kuti tikondwere maso Amitis.

Adzagonjetsa Babulo

Akukhulupirira kuti wogonjetsa zoopsa Alexander, anagonjetsa Babulo anagonjetsedwa ndi kukongola chodabwitsa la nyumba inaimika. Kuchoka amangokhala ali pikitipikiti ndi phokoso, iye ankasangalala chete, wosweka yekha ndi mfuu ya kung'ung'udza madzi, kutsatira chokumbukira Macedonia kwawo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mphamvu zonse kugwira manja awo mkulu wa mzinda chidatha kukhala likulu la dziko ndi sanali kumusamalira.

Mfundo za kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba ndi minda

Mwatsoka, chozizwitsa chachiwiri cha dziko monga iwo ukutchedwa, sizibwera kwa ife, ndipo palibe amene angadziwe zinthu kukawononga, kapena ndi ntchito ya manja a anthu. Pali mfundo kuti zomera lonse anafa akapolo anasiya ikukoka madzi. Ndipo panali chigumula choopsa anawononga pansi kamodzi zazikulu yachifumu, makoma dongo madzi okhaokha, ndipo kuti amathandiza mizati lalikulu anakomoka.

Nakhodka Koldewey

Patapita zaka zochepa chidwi kupeza kukopa lodziwika bwino, akatswiri mwakhala anamangidwira Gardens wa Babulo mu Mesopotamia. Wotchuka wasayansi Robert Koldewey ali pamoyo wake. Kuyambira chaka cha 1898 iye ankachita nawo zofukulidwa pafupi Baghdad, adapeza mwala bwinja, kulengeza iwo amakhalabe zokopa Babulo.

mabwinja Point

Misewu yaikulu ya nthambi malangizo kunkhondo osiyana anamupatsa kuvomereza kuti akhale minda kwambiri yaitali. ofukula German apeza zotsalira za ngalande ndi zomera zobiriwira anali yothiriridwa, anabweretsa makamaka mfumukazi ya maiko osiyana.

Asayansi ambiri anapeza mabwinja sanali amaona mabwinja a minda Babulo, ndipo ena anapitiriza pofuna ponena dongosolo zozizwitsa ndi mu malo osiyana kwambiri.

Kwa zaka zambiri Kusaka

Dr. Dalley, anauziridwa ndi kupanda yotchula yomanga Written magwero a nthawi Nebukadinezara, anayamba kufufuza yake, umene unatha oposa khumi. Iye ankaphunzira zinthu zakale wakale ndi mipukutu kuwerenga zakale, ndi mu British Museum, poyankha nsautso funso onse kumene Gardens wa Babulo mu mfundo.

Atafufuza yaitali ntchito za sayansi adalitsidwa. Mu 2013, bwinobwino onse adziŵe Dalli kukhazikitsa malo a nyumba zakale akhala lanthano munda. Iye anapeza kutchulidwa kwa pomanga "chozizwitsa anthu onse" pafupi ndi likulu la Asuri Nineve. Anamanga nyumba zazikulu ndi munda wosweka inamangidwa mu BC VIII atumwi.

Kodi Gardens wa Babulo kwenikweni?

chenicheni ndi chimene Tsopano dera la makono Iraq Nineve m'mipukutu yonse amatchedwa Babulo wakale, amene kwachititsa kupotoza mfundo mbiri malo owona a nyumba yaikulu. Malinga ndi Oxford timu pofukula, mulu lalikulu Iraq kumpoto pafupi ndi mzinda wa masitolo Mosul chodabwitsa zodabwitsa dziko - Gardens wa Babulo.

Monga Dr Dalli, zofukulidwa mu malo ichi chofunika kuti atsimikizire chiphunzitso cha kukhalapo ntchito yomanga ndi zopezeka pa chosemacho yosonyeza nyumba zodabwitsa ndi atapachikidwa masitepe maluwa kamodzinso kukhulupirira kulondola kwa chiphunzitso cha akatswiri.

Komabe, ofufuza amakayikira samagwirizana ndi buku ili, ankanena kuti m'mapaki ena, monga Gardens wa Babulo zimapezeka ku Nineve. Dziko Iraq, makamaka, mzinda wa Mosul, anagwidwa ndi zigaŵenga LIH, musalole kuti maphunziro zikuluzikulu zofunika kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa chiphunzitso cha Dr. Dalley.

Mafunso popanda mayankho

Kotero, tsopano sitingathe kutchula kumene Gardens wa Babulo ali. Inde, lero sanatiuze zojambula chilichonse chosonyeza zodabwitsa wachiwiri wa dziko, ndipo zithunzi zonse anaonekera - chabe figment wa malingaliro a ojambula zithunzi.

Mwambi yaikulu dongosolo, anamanga zaka zambiri zapitazo, Amasonkhezera maganizo a akatswiri a masiku ano ndi nzika wamba, koma umboni mwachindunji malo enieni a nyumba yayikulu. kutsutsana komwe kulipo pakati pa asayansi atsimikizira kuti Gardens atapachikidwa anali kwenikweni, koma funso waukulu amakhalabe osayankhidwa.