Untermensch - ndichiyani? Nazi chiphunzitso mitundu

Nazi mitundu mfundo amadziwika nkhanza zake. Pambuyo zaka, ife, anthu masiku ano, n'zovuta kuganiza kuti si kale izo anakonza Germany pa mlingo malamulo. Nazi mfundo presupposed kuli gulu la anthu monga Untermensch. Kodi anthu awa? Ayuda, Majipise, Asilavo ambiri a mitundu achikuda ankaziona ngati wachiwiri kalasi poyerekeza ndi Aryans woona. mfundo Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti Nazi, chimodzi cha zochitika zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri yamakono.

mfundo za Anazi

Mitundu ukhondo kulalikidwa ndi ankatumikira Hitler, anaphatikizapo malamulo kuliika pa mlingo dziko, malinga ndi magulu ena analoledwa kukhala ndi ana, pamene ena - ayi. mawu awo anatchulidwa "Untermensch". Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa iwo? Gulu la anthu pang'onopang'ono kufa, chifukwa makhalidwe awo majini akhala anazindikira kuti "akatswiri" osafunika. mfundo Nazi ankaona chiyambi cha boma cha XX atumwi ku Germany. A ndondomeko yofanana ikuchitika zingapo za ku Ulaya, North America ndi ku South Africa. Mlembi wa zosiyana zomwe zachokera, anali Arthur de A Gobineau. Iye anakhulupirira kuti mtundu amalenga chikhalidwe, kotero kusanganikirana anthu osiyana chibadwa zimabweretsa chisokonezo. ukhondo mitundu mbiri kugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso za makolo a zaumoyo, potsindika cholowa. Francis Galton anali kufunafuna umboni zowerengera za kufunika kwa mfundo zimenezi. Mu 1883, iye anayambitsa maganizo eugenics pofotokoza munda latsopano la sayansi. Atapeza Mendel yachiwiriyi ntchito koletsedwa mfundo mitundu ukhondo.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha

Mpikisano anali mmodzi wa magulu akuluakulu a anthu mfundo za Anazi. Abwino kwa katundu wawo majini ankaona Aryans. Pa mlingo wotsikitsitsa ndi Untermensch. Kodi anthu awa? Monga Anazi amatchedwa "mlendo", "misa ku East," kutanthauza Ayuda, Majipise ndi Asilavo (makamaka mtundu Zitsulo, Serbia, ndipo kenako Russian). Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufotokozera ambiri a anthu a mitundu yonse ena kuposa Caucasus, ndi ena kupatula. Ayuda adamangidwa chiwonongeko pa Nazi, ndi Asilavo anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi kuchepetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kupha misa. Anthu ena analinso kuti atumizidwe kwa Asia kapena kukhala akapolo a Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Anthu ena akhala anazindikira mwina Aryan, kotero iwo ankayenera kuti Chijeremani.

woona Aryan

Nazi ankatsogoleredwa mu ndondomeko yawo eugenics. Iwo ankakhulupirira Aryan mbuye mtundu, amene angalamulire dziko. Onse a anthu akanayenera pang'onopang'ono anawononga kupulula ndi kuletsa kubalana. Pakali pano maganizo amenewa anazindikira pseudoscientific. zinenero Aryan zitha kukhala. Ulaliki wa Gobineau, amene mogwirizana wanu Nazi cholakwika kwathunthu.

Chinthu chapadera wa Aryan Nazi ankaona maso a buluu ndipo tsitsi bulondi. Iwo ankaona rasoyu awo apamwamba umene umaposa kuganiza zina zonse chilengedwe, makhalidwe ndi aluntha katundu. Hitler ndi gulu lake anali mu mtima yosungira chiyero cha magazi, adawona Germany mbuye wa dziko. mitundu ina yonse - ichi ndi seŵero, pafupifupi akapolo, amene sangathe kudziletsa chilengedwe, za mzimu ndi mphamvu ya chifuniro. Kuwonjezera pa Scandinavians kwa Aryans absented Japanese. Mosiyana ndi Ayuda tinakumana. Phunziro lomaliza kwa chiwonongeko.

nzika Wachiwiri kalasi

Pamene anthu kulankhula za siyana monga Untermensch chiyani komanso zimene chikugwirizana ndi gulu zotero, kawirikawiri yomweyo ndikuganiza a Nazi. Koma mu Mawu akuti anali woyamba ntchito ndi wolemba ndi American. Lothrop Stoddard m'buku lake "pogalukira Chitukuko" lofalitsidwa mu 1922, analemba kuti mtundu otsika - ndi kuopseza mwachindunji anthu. Kuti iye zinaphatikizapo Bolsheviks. Malinga Stoddard, mu 1917 anagwira mphamvu Russia anthu ambiri otsika Padziko Lapansi. Vuto linali osati chiphunzitso andale, komanso anthu okhala m'deralo. Mwina chilengedwe cha mfundo Stoddard ouziridwa Nietzsche ndi "Chitsulo".

Funso The Jewish

Aryan oona kugonana ndi Semites. Woyamba ankaona ndiAmene wa chitukuko chamakono, yotsirizira - mphamvu yotayikitsa, n'kuyamba kufooka china. Ayuda ankaona kokha ngati antipode ku Germany, amene parasitize pa chuma cha anthu ndi zikhalidwe zina. Choncho, kuwonongedwa kwa awo anati, "chipulumutso cha anthu onse." Poyamba, Ayuda ambiri ankaganiza kuti Nazi akulemekeza ufulu ochepa, kumene iwo ndi absented. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika mwaimvetsa. Pang'ono ndi Ayuda itachotsedwa chikhalidwe, ndale ndiponso zachuma moyo. Mu 1938, anayamba kuzunza kwawo lotseguka. zitupa Ayuda anayesedwa chosavomerezeka, ndi nkhani banki zii. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse izo anayamba kupanga lingaliro la misa chiwonongeko "racially osafunika" mamembala a anthu. Iwo peaked mu 1942, pamene Ayuda anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga antchito, chifukwa manja Germany analibe.

kumwa Roma

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mtundu otsika - sikungokhudza Ayuda. Ndipotu, n'zotheka monga aliyense kupatulapo Germany okha. Vuto la Roma linali chinenero cha gulu m'mayiko a Aryan. Komabe, iwo linalengeza mtundu otsika. Iye akhapidziwa kuti Roma European akhala wosanganiza ndi anthu ena, kotero sanathe kuonedwa kuti Aryans zonse. Kumapeto kwa 1930 akuyamba yolera yotseketsa awo Zimalimbikitsidwa, ndi kuwatumiza ku misasa ya chibalo. Kenako kuyamba kupha Unyinji wa Roma, komanso Ayuda.

Legislating ndi lochitira

Nazi mfundo Osangopereka ulalikidwe, anali legislated pa mlingo boma. Back mu 1933, akuluakulu onse amene sanali Aryan anachotsedwa. Lamulo latsopano la cholowa adafotokoza kuti pamtunda 7.5 mahekitala akhoza nazo komanso kupereka iwo ana awo okha Germany. Maukwati pakati Aryans ndi Semites inaletsedwa. Mu 1935 anafalitsa "Nuremberg Malamulo" omwe amayika zizindikiro za pureblood. Untermensch ananena, ngakhale mtundu, mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi ubongo maganizo olumala, anthu olumala, mamembala a ing'onoing'ono kugonana. Kuyambira 1936 - ngakhalenso Roma. Mwachindunji misa kupha "nedolyudey" Nazi anasamukira ku chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi Soviet Union.