"Ivan Gren" - pa Russian lalikulu ankafika sitima ya polojekiti 11711

Zochitika za m'zaka zaposachedwapa yasonyeza kuti boma kwenikweni umafuna zombo amphamvu kwambiri amene akhoza kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwatsoka, kugwa kwa Soviet Union ndi zochitika zotsatira wachita tchimo lalikulu kuchichepetsa chitetezo cha Russian sitima. Komabe, posachedwapa boma limalipira zambiri zosonyeza kuti vutoli, nthawi zonse mu utumiki ziwiya latsopano. Zina mwa bwino "Ivan Gren" lalikulu ankafika sitimayo.

Pakali pano, wodziwika ndi "Zubr" ntchito ndi "Moray", omwe lero kupitiriza kumangidwa kwa makasitomala akunja. Masiku ano, makampani zoweta ali ndi zambiri wofuna cholinga - kuti satiate zombo ake ankafika zombo, lomwe kuposa kukula kwa ntchito tatchulazi. Komabe, Bulu la USSR panali iliyonse. cholinga ndicho modernize ndi kuwabweretsa zofunika za nkhondo zamakono pa nyanja.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Lero, zombo tichipeza ziwiya zokhudza ntchito mu 1171, ndi 775. Iwo zinalengedwa ncholinga kusamukira zotheka kwa battalion wa Asilikali kuti kupereka magalimoto katundu oti muli nazo zida, zida zankhondo ndi zida swatches ena. Zombo loyamba la kalasi analengedwa mu Leningrad, anali mkulu mlengi I.I.Kuzmin. Ena mwa iwo anamangidwa ku fakitale Kaliningrad "Yantar", ena - mu sitima Polish. Zimenezi zinachitika nthawi kuchokera 1974 mpaka mu 1990. Kenako akutsogolera chitukuko cha CDB anatitumiza, koma zombo okha ku izo pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

General maonekedwe a ntchito

Zombo za polojekiti 1171 anali yodziwika ndi kusamutsidwa zonse mu osiyanasiyana 4000 m, ndi thandizo lawo zathu- ankafika kwa anthu 313, ndi zida. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti khoti pa nthawi yomweyo akhoza kunyamula pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena kuposa makumi awiri akasinja kuwala. Mu 1966-1975, Union Navy analandira 14 ziwiya choterocho, ndipo mutu anali "Voronezh Komsomolets". Zombo nthawi imeneyi akweza kanayi (mu ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga ndi kapangidwe). Project 775 ankaganiza pafupifupi makhalidwe omwewo mwa mawu a mphamvu ndi katundu mphamvu, koma zombo zimenezi zinali bwino zida. A okwana zidutswa 24 zinamangidwa.

Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi 20 ntchito ya sitima ku Navy mu 1171 ndi 775, yotsirizira kukhala zazikulu. Mwamwayi, ngakhale ndi kugwa kwa Union of zombo anali wokhoza kusunga pafupifupi zonse. Kumene, mnyamata ndiribe anawonjezera, gwero pang'onopang'ono kufa, ndi chifukwa dziko ayenera kumanga zombo latsopano la kalasi. Akuti ndi "Ivan Gren" pang'onopang'ono m'malo akapolo anzawo akale.

Muzochitika mu maiko NATO

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti vuto NATO zombo amphibious ndi yosiyana. Onse US ndi EU zimayesetsa kukhala mbali ya fleets awo kwambiri zombo Mbali kulemera tikhoza kuchita osati ntchito akuponya la asilikali ndi zida za nkhondo. Ngakhale kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito imeneyi, n'zotheka ndithu. Achimereka bwino kwambiri: ngakhale ngati tingamanga BDK inapita mayendedwe, msinkhu wawo pa zaka makumi awiri otsatirawo sadzakhala kukwaniritsa.

Ali ndi zida zatsopano asilikali zipita zombo mtsinje. Mfundo ngati kumulakalaka zombo amphibious, chifukwa kulanda yambiri anthu oti ali mtengo kwambiri, ngati adatengedwa ndi nyanja. Popeza aukali mfundo yachilendo wa Chimereka, mwa kulankhula kwina, sanathe.

Woyamba m'banja ankafika sitima m'ma latsopano

Sitimayo latsopano limene tiyenera kuyambitsa kubwezeretsa mphamvu amphibious wa bulu Russian anapatsidwa dzina "Ivan Gren". Dzina limeneli anasankhidwa si kutali monga choncho, chifukwa ngalawayo dzina lake polemekeza wasayansi ndi luso ndi artilleryman. Mpaka 1941, Gren kutsogozedwa ndi Institute Research sitima. utumiki wake anayamba ngakhale pamaso pa kuukira boma, mu Imperial apanyanja. Iye anakhala nawo kuyezetsa komanso kutsimikizira mayesero pansi pafupifupi onse kachitidwe, amene anayamba pa nthawi. Ndi isanayambike ya nkhondo yachiwiri anakhala mtsogoleri wa zida zankhondo zonse za Baltic zombo. Iye wasonyeza kuti ngati pulani kwambiri ndi moto mbuye potsimikizira-batire.

Information za chitukuko cha "Gren"

Woyamba "Ivan Gren" akuyenera kupanga chombo kutsogolera polojekiti 11711. Koma mapulani ake, mwambo onse lomwelo St.Petersburg. General Mlengi - A.Viglin, mkulu mlengi la ngalawa ija yomwe V.N.Suvorov.

Mosiyana ndi zombo wakale ntchito 1171 kupita naye nkhani zofunika zonse ndi chochitika chenicheni kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndipo chifukwa BDK "Ivan Gren" akhoza mofanana bwino ntchito osati kwa asilikali komanso chifukwa ntchito mtendere. Choncho, akuti ntchito kalasi la zombo za mayendedwe mabuku yaikulu ya katundu, kuphatikizapo kulowa fairways mtsinje. BDK "Ivan Gren" ungam'chititse onse zida zamakono lankhondo la Chitaganya cha Russia, kuyambira kamangidwe kake ndi kumanga atatengedwa kupita ku nkhani osati zofuna za sitima Corps, komanso magulu ochiritsira pansi.

Kuwonjezera zikhalidwe moyo ndi ntchito za oyendetsa

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa polenga zinthu omasuka kwambiri moyo ndi ntchito ya ogwira ntchito. Pali ngakhale lalikulu olimba zovuta lakonzedwa kukhala oyendetsa ndi asilikari mu mawonekedwe labwino. Komanso zombo idzapereka njira yeniyeni ankafika pa. Kumbukirani kuti mu muyezo BBC kupanga Soviet Union anapereka uta limbikitsa zomwe zimathandiza kuti "kumasula" m'mimba mwa sitimayo mpaka atatu akasinja kuwala amphibious nthawi yomweyo m'nyanja, zosaposa mfundo zitatu, malinga chisangalalo.

Pakuti kumaliseche m'mphepete mwa nyanja ntchito limbikitsa chomwecho. The otsetsereka a pagombe nthawi yomweyo ali ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ngati kuphwanya mpumulo wakale Navy ngalawa "anabzala" njira yokhayo ndi kusambira. Koma izi amangonena za kuwala, akasinja amphibious. makina kunadetsa lolemera nthawi yomweyo kukhala pa chombo. Ntchito, mu nkhani iyi ndi njira sanali kukhudzana amatitsogolera kuwala pontoon boti: luso ili kale ntchito kokha mphamvu dziko.

pontoons zingapo, zimene zimayikidwa patsogolo m'malo ndiziwunda, amakulolani msanga kulenga mlatho odalirika limene likupita ngakhale ndi lolemera zida. Njira imeneyi ndi mwachilungamo kale ntchito m'magulu yachilendo, monga timatha inu kukuza maluso a nkhondowo la zombo ndegeyo.

zasintha kwambiri ndi kuwonjezapo dongosolo la

luso china chofunika ndi kuthekera kunyamula constructional muyezo kutumiza muli (matani 20). Kodi ndi bwino, chifukwa sanali kukhudzana ake njira ya ankafika chombo akhoza kupulumutsa katundu ngakhale kwathunthu zosafunika kwa gombe lino. ziwiya Mwachizolowezi zoyendera ngakhale ndimalota. Kulemera okwana katundu - matani 1500. Wosalira ndondomeko potsegula / katundu, chombo anapereka ndi Crane ndi zochotsa mphamvu matani 16.

Lero, tikulankhula za kuthekera kupanga "amphumphu" amphibious bwato, amene udzasugidwa mu mumtima hangar ntchito 11711E zombo. Iwo sangakhoze yekha ayende chombo, komanso kugwira ntchito paokha. Ndithudi mwayi yoteroyo makamaka kukopa opulumutsa, akatswiri ndi akatswiri a nthaka.

Kufunika zombo

ntchito "Ivan Gren" Kodi Mukudziweruzira? kufunika kale ngati kuti Mlengi ndi yodzaza ndi malamulo kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene tsamba udayesedwa sitima yoyamba polojekiti, mwambo umenewu panafika anthu pafupifupi onse a anthu oyamba a boma, komanso kasamalidwe makampani onse kuti adzapereka kupanga.

Pamene iwo amati opanga okha, pa ntchito bwalo 11711 "Ivan Gren" ngati panopa geopolitical zinthu m'dziko n'kofunika kwambiri. Popeza kuti pomanga zombo chidatengedwa kampani odziwika "Yantar", simungathe kukayikira khalidwe la ntchito.

mfundo zokhumudwitsa

Onse zabwino, ndizo basi atolankhani yemweyo analemba ... 2004! Patangotha masiku ochepa zapitazo ndidalandira kalata uthenga kwenikweni wosangalatsa: mutu ankafika sitima ya polojekiti 11711 potsiriza anayamba anayesedwa Nyanja Baltic! Panatenga zaka zoposa 11 kuyambira bookmarks kuti kukulozani. Ndine wokondwa kuti shipbuilders analumbira kuti kuzengereza nthawi uli wokhala pomanga achiwiri (umene uli kale yofuna). Kumapeto kwa chaka chino, mutu chotengera lonjezo potsiriza umasamutsidwa ku apanyanja.

Yomanga chombo kutsogolera zinakonzedwa kwa zaka zinayi, Sitima ina kuti umasamutsidwa ku yapamadzi kwa zaka ziwiri. Amadziwika kuti zombo choyambirira ziwiya asanu analamula kamodzi zino, koma atatu a iwo kale anatha kupereka amalinyero. Komabe, pambuyo nkhani ya chipatso choyipa "Mistral" tikuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha zombo aŵa zochuluka, monga iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa zinthu pagulu kunja kwa dzikoli. Pomaliza, lero anadziŵa kuti asilikali akadali chidwi yomanga mndandanda wonse (makhoti asanu ndi awiri), koma chigamulo chomaliza adzatengedwa pokhapokha kudutsa mayesero onse flagship.

Kuti kapena ayi kuti?

Potsiriza, ndinazembera mudziwe kuti mu chaka chamawa anaganiza ayamba kumanga ndi sitima zazikulu amphibious, kotero kuti mwina zombo akadali okha ziwiya ziwiri basi. Mulimonsemo, ukhalabe lalikulu ankafika zombo za mbadwo watsopano alikomweko, kotero inu mukhoza kuyembekezera kuti si nkhani zopanda pake. Mulimonsemo, "Gren" - ndi ntchito zosangalatsa, ndi kufunika kwenikweni kwambiri.

Akatswiri njira asilikali kuchepetsa "ng'ombe" makhoti amenewa zambiri kumayambitsa kutha akufa: iwo masamu kuphatikizapo kuthekera zoyendera Asilikali kumtunda mitsinje, yomwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri kuchititsa ntchito wamba. zombo ziwiri izi momveka sikokwanira!

Chifukwa cha zimene takwiya deadlines?

Sikuti mlandu yekha "Amber". Choyamba, shipbuilders anathamangitsa chosowa ndalama. Kachiwiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mfundo kusodza chaperekedwa makasitomala mu 2003, koma kuyambira pamenepo, mawonekedwe ndi mamangidwe a ngalawayo zonse kusintha, omwe sakanakhoza koma bwanji liwiro la ntchito. Choncho, mu 2005, inali kuperekedwa kwa mfundo kusinthidwa, amene umasintha pafupifupi onse Intaneti. Ndipo zachitika kangapo.

Imports monga gwero la mavuto

The vuto lalikulu ikugwiridwira - ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu kunja. Mu zochitika posachedwapa iwo ayenera mwamsanga kusiya ndi kutibwezera zoweta. Ndipo chifukwa akatswiri lerolino kuti sule zomangidwazo kuleza mtima. Mfundo zikuluzikulu zonse zinafunika wapereka kale, kotero kuti Kuvuta kokha kuyembekezera kuchokera m`chombo chachiwiri. Koma zovuta kwa maere.

chotengeracho ayenera m'malo ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu kunja kuti poyambirira envisaged specifications. Choncho, kale tili ndi ambiri amavutika kusankha machitidwe mankhwala ndi desalination. Komabe, tidaipanga kuti makampani zoweta zambili kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu, kotero kuti funso kamodzinso kuika bajeti. Chiyembekeza ndipo anawonjezera kuti chombo chachiwiri ndi kuti timange pa chiwembu kutsimikiziridwa, osati kuchokera zikande. Kale m'gulu zigawo zingapo za nyumba ya.

Nthawi zambiri, "muzu wa zoyipa zonse," Ntchito izi zimene pambuyo kugwa kwa Union mwadzidzidzi kunapezeka kuti pafupifupi onse makampani yotulutsa zigawo kwa shipbuilding, anali kunja. Makamaka, pa gawo Chiyukireniya.

Waukulu luso makhalidwe a polojekiti

• Akuti tonnage - matani asanu.
• Utali - mamita 120.
• Zolemba malire m'lifupi - mamita 16.5.
• Akuti precipitate - 3.6 m.
• Mtundu powerplant - dizilo.
• Zolemba zonse liwiro - 18 mfundo.
• Pafupifupi chiwerengero cha oyendetsa - za anthu zana.

Nanga akhoza kudzitama za manja amphibious ngalawa "Ivan Gren"? Pano pali mndandanda wa ankaimbidwa (koma simudziwa zonse):

• mayunitsi awiri A-215 "Grad-M".
• Zida zankhondo. Mmodzi makina 76 mm basi AK-176M ndi awiri AK-630M (likungosonyeza 30 mm, basi).
• M'chombocho, munthu akhoza zochokera antisubmarine ndege Ka-29.
• Mphamvu ankafika zigawo - 36 kapena 13 APCs MBT (kulemera matani 60). Pa gulu akhoza kusamutsidwa kwa 300 paratroopers okonzeka ndi zida.

Panopa flagship pachimake akudutsa anayendera komaliza, ndi mu chomaliza yomanga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a zida pa bolodi sanayambebe anaika, kotero kuti mawonekedwe komaliza kwa ngalawayo ndi zida zake koma m'mawa kwambiri kwa woweruza. Tikukhulupirira kuti pakutha kwa chaka chino, ife tikuwona "Gren" nkhondo wokonzeka zonse.