Njira Balts mu Nyanja Black akhala kuyambira nthawi makedzana,

Kuwutsata njira ya Baltic pa Nyanja Black, m'pofunika kumvetsa pamene misewu imeneyi kungachititse, amene ali Baltic States, ngakhale dzina la anthu amenewa amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti zinali zokhudzana ndi nyanja ya Baltic. Ndithudi, dzina gulu Kale a magulu mitundu okhala mphepete mwa Tambasula ili la madzi. "Balta. Anthu Amber Sea "- dzina la buku tinadzipereka kwa mbiri ya anthu awa. Mu ichi "nduna" mawu amenewa monga ambiri a mitundu - Prussia estii, golyadi, Cours, Samogitians ndi ena.

Njira kuti analipo kale Rurik

Black Sea, a Atlantic Ocean beseni mwa Bosporus ndi Dardanelles m'mavuto chifukwa cha Mediterranean, zimene pamapeto, chikugwirizana ndi Atlantic ndi nyanja Indian. Ndizachidziwikire kuti njira oikidwa ndi nyanja, pamodzi mayiko, ndi kudutsa ndi India anthu a kumpoto ali wamfupi msewu kuposa envelopu a ku Ulaya kumadzulo. Kuyambira kale iwo akutchedwa nyanja yovuta, Pont Axinus. Dzina limeneli anali anachokera ku mavuto a panyanja ndi udani woopsa mafuko okhala mphepete mwa posungira. Komabe, chombo kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, ndi Hercules bwinobwino anachita anamanganso wake.

Njira Balts mu Nyanja Black ayikidwa kale kalekale, chifukwa ntchitoyi anali mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko cha limati wakale. Inde, Balts zingachitikenso Nyanja Black ku Mediterranean. Koma zimakhala zosavuta, mofulumira ndi zodula kugombe la ku Ponto anapezedwa pa mitsinje ndi dziko, nyanja ndi ndiye kuyenda kwa Byzantium ndi kupitirira.

Imodzi mwa misewu imeneyi unali "ku Scandinavia ndi Ahelene." Pali njira zina pang'ono pochitika pa mitsinje ya Europe, pang'ono pa dziko. Kenaka Black kapena nyanja Mediterranean ndi North-South. Malonda anapeza njira yabwino mankhwala otchuka. Kuchokera kumpoto anagwira tsitsi, Amber, m'madzi zingwe nkhani ya njovu, chitsulo, yaiwisi ndi zambiri. Ku Byzantium, amene anali mlingo wokweretsa chitukuko, ananyamula mabuku ndi zithunzi, silika, vinyo ndi zonunkhira. "Golden Age" Baltic nkhani m'ma II-V BC. Pa chiyambi cha pachimake Balts resold mankhwala m'dera lawo Germany mafuko, amene anawatumiza (makamaka Amber) kum'mwera zina. Njira ankatchedwa - Amber.

Ku Baltic ku Mediterranean

Njira Balts mu Nyanja Black anali makamaka Byzantium kapena njuchi pa gombe la nyanja Black kenako kupyolera pamavuto - mu Rome ndi Greece. Kapena madzi ndi dziko maulendo ku madoko Mediterranean, kenako kupyolera mwa Bosporus kwa Black.

The odziwika bwino Amber misewu wopita ku Mediterranean, anali monga madzi ndi njira dziko m'kamwa wa Elbe pamodzi German Weser kutembenukira kumadzulo, pafupi Paderborn amakono, cha Rhine, amene anapita ku Basel. Apa anayambanso gawo onshore kwa mtsinje wa Rhone, limene katundu kugwera mu nyanja ya Mediterranean.

The chachiwiri otchuka njira unali kuyambika kwa Gdańsk Bay. Komanso pamodzi ndi mitsinje Vistula, Warta, Morava kwa Danube kuti Vienna, ndiye pamtunda kuti kugombe la Adriatic. Izi wakale Amber magalimoto ndi ntchito yobereka mwala dzuwa mu mayiko ambiri pa dziko kuyambira nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe. Amber akupezeka mu mapiramidi a ku Igupto ndipo wakale m'manda Greek.

Amber zodutsa

Kenako, pamene njira ya Baltic States mu Nyanja Black munakhazikitsidwa (yagonjetsa mafuko ankhondowo, anafika mgwirizano pa chitetezo katundu), mankhwala zitsulo anapulumutsa mofulumira. Tikumbukenso kuti iwo Balts (Prussians mu malo oyamba, monga izo zinali fuko limeneli kuli anthu olemera Amber kugombe la nyanja ya Baltic) mwala dzuwa sanali mankhwala ndipo osati ncho - iwo anasonkhana anataya mafunde mphatso. Komanso, iwo amadabwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa Amber, ndilo mtunda ndi nyanja ya Baltic ofunika apamwamba ndi apamwamba. Kale, pakati pa dzuwa mwala processing Aquileia unali mzinda wa ku Roma. Kugwiritsa Amber maulendo zikubweretsa kugombe la Mediterranean, amalonda anakakamizika kupeza ku Constantinople kudzera m'mavuto a. Mu msewu onse adzakhala kugwirizana Baltic ndi Black Sea Coast patapita anali kwambiri.

Ali madzi, kumene portage

Njira Balts mu Nyanja Black anali anakhazikitsa kuti wina wa mbiri yakale akale molakwika ananena kuti nyanja awa cholukanalukana Khwalala. Misewu onse, pali atatu otchuka.

Woyamba anali pa Vistula, Sana'a, ndi Dnieper. The chachiwiri - pa Neman ndipo ndi makhwawa a Dnieper, izo basi amatchedwa "ku Scandinavia ndi Ahelene." Mzere wachitatu inamangidwa ndi katswiri mu III-V zaka mwa Neve ndi Dnieper. Tikumbukenso kuti iwo anali onse madzi dziko, mwachitsanzo mbali zina za njira atalandira kapena anakokera (by ndalama pa zipika anakokera chotengera), kapena katundu anali ankatembenukira kumtunda machitidwe yobereka.

Kenako m'ngalande Ankakumba mu malo makosi. njira zonse zimene zinayambitsa ku Baltic pa Nyanja Black, poyamba zinachititsa kuti Dnieper, ndiye kudutsa oopsa pamakomo Dnipro mu Pont Axinus. Kenako, katundu wambiri ankalengeza kumpoto kwa misewu imeneyi, koma poyamba ambiri Katundu anali Amber, ndipo kotero iwo anali ikutchedwa Amber.

Komanso, ntchito njirazo nyanja ya Black Sea, katundu ankapulumutsidwa ku Ufumu wa Byzantine, likulu la yomwe inali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena Agiriki akale zochokera njuchi, amene anali makamaka kumpoto Black Sea gombe. chakuti, ngakhale ngozi, msewu yolumikiza nyanja Black ndi Mediterranean, akhala ntchito kwa nthawi makedzana, nkhani kuphatikizapo nthano za ku Girisi.