Kodi watsopano wakhala anayambitsa pa kayendetsedwe ka mizinda pansi Peter I: burmisterskie Komiti, Chief majisitireti

Funso limene wakhala anayambitsa latsopano kasamalidwe m'tawuni pansi Peter Ine, ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo yaikulu mu phunziro la kalekale Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18. kukonzanso uku tiyenera kuziganizira pa nkhani ya kusintha zochita mfumu ambiri, amene polingalira udindo watsopano wa dziko m'bwalo lonse ndi kusintha moyo wake zoweta tcheru analipira wapadera ku munda wa kasamalidwe, osati pakati komanso kumunda.

prerequisites

Analysis zimene watsopano wakhala anayambitsa pa kayendetsedwe ka Mizinda ya mfumu choyamba, tiyenera kuyamba ndi zolinga anathamangitsa pansi utsogoleli wa kazembe ndi wamakono wa bureaucracy akale. zofuna ankhondo (ambiri a ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu, dziko lathu anachita nkhondo yaitali ndi Sweden kuti mwayi kwa Nyanja Baltic) chofunika okhazikika ndi zonse revenues msonkho kwa chuma cha boma. N'chifukwa chake bwanamkubwa unachitikira kusintha dera, ndi cholinga chomwecho, izo zikugwira kasamalidwe m'tawuni. Komabe, iye anafuna ena amalonda wamupempha Komabe, monga kuyenera msonkho wa Kumwambamwamba, amene iwo umene. Koma ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuonetsetsa otaya yosalala misonkho ku cuma ca zofuna za asilikali ndi asilikali.

Gawo loyamba

Nkhani "Kodi watsopano wakhala anayambitsa pa kayendetsedwe ka Mizinda Peter Ine" ayenera kuyamba ndi zoti magawo awiri a kukonzanso uku. Woyamba amatanthauza 1699, pamene mfumu tsogolo anayambitsa Institute osankhidwa bailiffs, omwe tsopano anagonjera m'tauni. Choncho, iwo akhala akuchoka pa ulamuliro wa kazembe.

alonda latsopano anasankhidwa kuchokera kwa amalonda, chifukwa iwo anali eni waukulu m'mizinda, choncho siyana waukulu wa amakhoma misonkho. Iwo amatha kukhala mwachindunji kwa mfumu, ndipo angagwire ntchito kwa iye, anyalanyaza ndi kuyitana. m'mizinda zinalengedwa burmisterskie Komiti, amene anagonjera ku Moscow City Hall. Ntchito yaikulu ya utsogoleli latsopano anali kusonkhanitsa misonkho ntchito kwa chuma cha boma, komanso ulamuliro pa zochitika milandu ndi malonda eni opanga.

mwendo yachiwiri

Pakuti kusintha m'tauni ya Peter Ine anabwerera mu 1720. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma lake anali kugwira ntchito pa kasamalidwe dera. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake mfumu anabwerera ku nkhani yowawitsa ya utsogoleli mzinda.

Monga tanenera, ndipo woweruzayo mkulu analengedwa, yomwe inali ku likulu la dziko, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko ankalamulira akuluakulu onse oyang'anira tauni. Pansi, kukhazikitsa nyumba yake, amene anamaliza ku bailiffs ndi Aldermen. Pamene nkhondo pafupi kutha, Mfumu anapezeka limagwirira wa ntchito kwa dongosolo latsopano chilengedwe mtendere.

Tsopano akuluakulu a mzindawo anali kulamulidwa osati kusonkhanitsa misonkho ntchito, komanso kusamalira bwino m'madera awo. Yotsirizira n'kofunika kwambiri kudziwa zimene watsopano wakhala anayambitsa pa kayendetsedwe ka mizinda nthawi zogwirizana.

Kuyambira bailiffs ndi Rathmann anali ndi udindo kuwunika chitetezo (ie, iwo anali kulenga apolisi a) monga zipatala, sukulu, almshouses. Komanso, anthu kachiwiri ntchito ndi cholinga chopereka msonkho wagawanika mu guilds awiri: wokhazikika ndi osasamba. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo eni, wachiwiri - munthu amene analibe katundu payekha.

Munalidi gulu analinso kasamalidwe ake. mamembala awo anasonkhana pa misonkhano ndi kusankha akulu. Amene anayamba kugwira ntchito yonyozeka, kusankha akulu ndi desyatskih awo. Komanso, mabungwe luso zinalengedwa mwa chitsanzo West European. Motero, mfumu titayensa yotithandiza chitukuko cha boma boma, Komabe, kusintha zimenezi sizinali bwino.

zotsatira

Peter Ine amafuna kulowa dziko wodzilamulira pa chitsanzo cha mayiko a ku Ulaya akhala bwino zifukwa lophweka: akuluakulu analibe zinthu zofunikira kuti apirire ndi ntchito zawo. Ndipotu, chimaposa zonse ku chindapusa ndi misonkho anapita chuma boma, pamene mzinda wa ndalama mwini sizinali zoona.

Komabe, zimasonyeza kuti ngakhale izi si bwino kwambiri kusintha chinakhalapo mpaka theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kwambiri kapena zochepa anakakhala pansi ku zinthu zenizeni Russian, ngakhale amene alibe zachititsa kuti boma m'tauni .