"Kosygin kusintha" - Chiyambi Chawo

Alekseya Kosygina ankaona chabe woyang'anira odziwa ndi waluso, amphamvu kulinganiza zinthu, komanso wanzeru ndi wanzeru mutsogoleli wa boma la lonse pambuyo nkhondo nthawi USSR.

Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri ndi "Kosygin kusintha" - woyamba pambuyo pa nkhondo pofuna msika ndege ya kusintha kwa zachuma Soviet. Gawo osati onse nthambi za malonda komanso ulimi, komanso pafupifupi muzochitika zones za moyo.

"Kusintha Kosygin" anali umalimbana kuwonjezeka zolimbikitsa zachuma ndi ufulu amapeza. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha Plenum wa CPSU mu 1965, anaganiza kusintha makampani onse mafakitale. Cholinga cha ganizo limeneli kwenikweni kuwonjezera dzuwa la ntchito yawo.

Zoperekedwa, kuwonjezera Gross, timathandiza mfundo mtengo wa malonda, chilengedwere ndi thumba la ndalama za malipiro ndi chiwerengero cha ndalama centralized likulu. Kuti Zimachititsa ntchito za mabizinezi a ndalama anawapatsa kusiya.

"Kosygin kusintha" anali ndi zolinga zingapo: kulimbikitsa ofukula za mphamvu, kubwezeretsa utumiki chapakati mafakitale chiyembekezo chakuti za makonsolo zachuma.

Kusintha yagwiridwira mu 1965 kale ndi Mlembi General Leonid Brezhnev. Ndipo ngati iye amadzinenera kuti asiye kusintha kwa flywheel anapezerapo ngakhale pansi kuloŵedwa wake - Khrushchev, Kosygin kusintha chuma ndiye kuti anadutsa. Ngakhale kusintha mphamvu, palibe "nyumba" zokhumba sanathe kuletsa nthawi panopa pamene zofuna za chuma.

Pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha khwerero la ogwira ntchito gulu zinali ndi malamulo kwa mwatsatanetsatane otsiriza, oletsedwa kuyesa pa ayendetsa zachuma. Kudutsa dziko, opareshoni usilikali dongosolo ndodo ndi mawu lake lalikulu: "pa mtengo uliwonse kupereka dongosolo."

Dziko "Kosygin kusintha" padabwera ambiguously. mabwana ambiri malonda ankaona kuti mpata wabwino ndalama zoonjezera, ena ananeneratu chuma cha kugwa komaliza.

Companies anatha kukhala chuma kudzidalira, choncho mipata kuwonjezera phindu lawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tinganene kuti profitability kutero kufufuma mu dziko.

Komabe, malinga ndi chuma ambiri, pa "Kosygin kusintha" mu ntchito zachuma ndi chikhalidwe anali abwino kwa zaka za nthawi unawonongedwa.

Komabe, kusintha sanali wangwiro: ndi ya njira zotsutsana ndi anthuwo, monga Kukula kwa kudziyimira pawokha amakampani pamodzi ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu za utumiki wa.

Mfundo lonse chinali ndikukhazikitsa munthu owongolera msika mu lamulo utsogoleri si msika dongosolo, "Kosygin kusintha" sanapereke zofunika kwambiri chuma msika - ufulu mtengo malamulo. Ndipo uyu, nayenso okha zochita za levers akuyendetsa monga profitability phindu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko wayamba ndi kufufuma chobisika, sindipindula osati mwa kuwonjezera dzuwa la ulimi, koma chifukwa cha mitengo chongopeka mkulu, ndi zina zambiri mavuto aakulu.

N'chifukwa chake posachedwapa pamwamba chipani utsogoleri ankaona kuti mphamvu zawo mtheradi anayamba nsalu loopsa. Ndipo ndi kusintha m'ma 70s anali msewu, ndipo cholinga chake si lapindulidwa.

Okonzanso, kuphatikizapo yekha Kosygin kudziwanso kuti m'pofunika kusintha chuma, osati la Soviet Union, ndipo ngati maziko a dongosolo la chikhalidwe, moyo wa dziko. Komabe, iwo sanali kuimira limagwirira imene ayenera kuchitidwa, ngakhale amadziwa kuti "mwana" analengedwa ndi iwo n'zotheka n'kutsutsa maziko a boma komanso kusokoneza mtendere wa dziko.