Diorite fano la Farao. Khafre (Chephren) - wolamulira chachinayi cha Iguputo

Ku Egypt chitukuko kwazaka zambiri chidwi ofufuza, kuchititsa mkangano waukulu. Kusunga zambiri sanathetsedwe zinsinsi chikhalidwe akupereka zozizwitsa zambiri.

Wapadera piramidi anamanga mu III Zakachikwi BC, n'zosadabwitsa ngakhale masiku ano akatswiri consummate luso ndi chodabwitsa processing mwala umodzi. No zochepa chinsinsi ndi chosema kuchokera ku zipangizo olimba ziboliboli Aiguputo amene anapulumuka masiku ano.

Zopangidwa diorite fano la Farao Khafre a mortuary kachisi wa Giza anali nthawi zonse chidwi asayansi. Mwambi ndi kuti m'misili analibe zipangizo aliyense kuti akhale pokonza chosatha thanthwe. Monga ofukula kunena, zidzasintha zipilala mbiri of Ancient Egypt anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono kuti upambana kangapo lero.

maliro zovuta

Alendo ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana amabwera kwa Giza Plateau, ndiwo mudzi waukulu amene wagwirizira nyumba ku manda a afarao ku Igupto ndi mfumukazi. Ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa apaulendo zonse zovuta, kulola pafupi ndi zinsinsi za mapiramidi ndi zowawa za chitukuko makedzana. Ukugwira ntchito pa madera ake ofufuza amanena kuti Giza yachonde - si malo pofukula, koma kupembedza.

Komanso onse amene akudziwika Great Piramidi, pali manda farao Chephren kapena Khafre pang'ono otsika kukula kwa ntchito yomanga kudziwika. Ndi mwambo zovuta anamanga dongosolo la bwanamkubwa wa Egypt, ndi alendo ambiri amaona mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri.

A pang'ono mfundo mbiri moyo wina pambuyo

Mu Egypt, Farao ndi amazipanga ulemu ndi kuyerekeza ndi Mulungu. Padera ndi olamulira lingamutsatire mphamvu anaphunzira Anthu amene anatenga mbali mu nkhani zonse zofunika za dziko. Chifaniziro cha m'deralo za moyo wina pambuyo zimenezi zili ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko ndiponso kumanga mapiramidi, amene kwenikweni m'manda.

Kofunika kwambiri mwambo wa Farao imfa anamanga manda awo pasadakhale. Aiguputo ankakhulupirira kuti anapita kumoyo - ndi kukhalapo anapitiriza a dziko lapansi, ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu kusintha kwa dziko lina anakhala kuvomerezedwa kuteteza chipolopolo thupi munthu.

Ufulu chosafa

Sichangozi Aiguputo mosamala anakonzedwa mtembo wa womwalirayo ndi aziwapatsa zonse muyenera kudzaza mmanda ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti kungakhale kofunika. Kolingana koyamba okha Farao anali anapita kumoyo, koma kenako olamulira Aigupto Anapatsidwa luso ndipereka moyo wosafa ndi okondedwa awo kudziwa.

Mapeto a Ufumu Old zinali zodzaza ndi kuzindikira za ufulu wa aliyense moyo wina pambuyo.

Wolamulira wa Igupto Chephren

Farao Khafre, amene fano zoona chidwi, anali mkulu wa Old Ufumu Mafumu IV. zipilala kwambiri pang'ono ka nthawi kuti anabwera kwa ife, kotero mfundo zambiri za mbiri ake sali odalirika, ndipo ngakhale zaka za moyo chifukwa kusamvetsetsana. Egyptologists amakhulupirira kuti boma Khafre akulamulira zaka 25.

Today Heffron ndi wodziwika kwa erection wa piramidi wachiwiri kukula pa Giza. Mawonekedwe a Farao, amene ali mwana wa Cheops (Khufu) ndipo anagwira mphamvu atate wake, ndi m'bale Djedefre, wobwezeretsedwa ndi zifaniziro bwino anasunga la manda.

yachonde wopatulika

Plato poyambirira yopatulika, choncho maliro maofesi zinamangidwa pa izo. Farao Khafre, patsogolo kuganiza za kusintha kwa moyo wina pambuyo adalamulira kumanga piramidi pafupi ndi manda a Cheops.

Poyamba kutalika kwa piramidi anali mamita 144, koma pa nthawi anakana pang'ono, zomwe kuwononga zake zabwino. Anajambulapo anali zakuthupi maziko izo, ndi patsinde wodzaza pinki lubwe.

Piramidi, amene wakhala wodziwika

Farao Khafre ankafuna kuti kuposa manda piramidi wa msinkhu wa bambo ake, koma nthawi yomanga kunapezeka kuti pomanga kuipidwa yaikulu sikutheka zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Akukhulupirira kuti kapangidwe piramidi ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi khonde ndi, zomera ndi kagawo kakang'ono wapadera kwa ziwiya mwambo mu crypt anali ovomerezeka. Malinga ndi choyambirira anayamba anamangidwira ena onse maliro maofesi.

Amenewa anaphatikizapo maliro zovuta?

Poyamba, pafupi piramidi wa Khafre anali kapangidwe ang'onoang'ono manda kumene masiku awa kanthu katsalira. Ambiri mwina, pali anaikidwa m'manda mkazi wa Farao.

Maliro kachisi anamanga ikuluikulu yolimba lubwe, mphamvu yake inali zodabwitsa: chipika kutalika anali mamita 5, ndi kulemera kwa aliyense wa iwo anafika matani makumi anayi. Mpaka m'zaka XVIII zinali mu chikhalidwe zogwira, pamene anthu am'deralo sanawononge yomanga mpanda. Mkati pali ziboliboli zambiri za Farao.

Zovuta zikuphatikizapo khoma chitsekerezo pakati maofesi, misewu ndi mpingo m'munsi, kumene diorite fano la Farao anapeza. Khafre, amene analota za dongosolo otchuka, pakati pa compactness ya kapangidwe wodziwika bwino. Kugwira ntchito mu zovuta maliro, akatswiriwa anapeza kuti pamene ali yaikulu m'dera la malo ufulu si kwambiri - zosakwana 0.01 peresenti.

Kodi mkati piramidi?

The mkati piramidi kapangidwe inkakhala makamera awiri ndi zolowetsa. Pali njira ina yaing'ono mu chipinda, amene anatsala yosatha, ndipo cholinga chake ndi losadziwika. Chipinda manda, mkati wosemedwa m'thanthwe, lubwe sarcophagus akusowekapo chili ndi chivindikiro wosweka.

Ndi achifwamba anakumba mumphangayo kuti mkati, ndipo onse amene amakhalabe ofukula - ena kubwera ngale ndi Nkhata Bay mwambo chotengera, lomwe lili ndi dzina la Wachiwiri Mulungu. danga No zambiri mkati piramidi kumeneko.

Pang'onopang'ono anakula mozungulira ilo necropolis zenizeni zimene thupi anapuma mamembala onse a banja la Khafre.

The manda a ansembe ndi abale ake

zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, akatswiriwa anapeza pafupi ndi manda a manda ya wansembe wa Farao, amene muulamuliro wake anatsogolera mwambo mortuary. Iye akanakhoza kupereka amuyaya achibale onse, ndi nyumba iyi anali chidzindikiro kuti Aiguputo wamba ndalandira ufulu moyo wina pambuyo.

ziboliboli zambiri za Farao

Pa malo okwera wopatulika olamulira ambiri a Egypt ndi achibale awo m'manda, koma ena alibe bokosilo umodzi. Koma pa ziboliboli zambiri, anapeza zinthu zakale anaonekera monga kazembe wa Khafre Mulungu. Farao wa ku Aigupto ankayimiridwa ndi bilu ndevu ndi mpango pa mutu wake, ndipo palibe chifaniziro chake sanali ngati ena. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti masiku amenewo izo zinali zoletsedwa kutulutsa ndalama zofanana.

Chosema, poyamba linkakhala mu maenje mu chimodzi cha zipinda za piramidi kenako anachotsedwa iwo, ndipo anapeza wreckage wa gulu lochita kafukufuku 1860. Mwatsoka, ena ziboliboli ataya mutu ndi thupi.

Chodziwika bwino anapulumutsidwa alabasitala fano la Farao Khafre, kuyikidwa mu Cairo Museum. Pakati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi mutu payekha wokhometsa Farao ndi korona pulasitiki wa mtundu woyera. University of Leipzig ndi wonyada wa mkulu mu miinjiro chikondwerero, zikope ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa.

Wotchuka fano la diorite

Koma dziko otchuka anali kukhazikitsa zonse kutalika mdima, ndi mitsempha kuwala, diorite fano la Farao. Khafre, amene analamulira ku Iguputo, monyadira atakhala pampando wake wachifumu, zowoneka pansi pa chizindikiro duwa la zamaluwa ndi amtunduwu. nkhope ya mfumu wopambana ndipo alibe sakusangalala ndi chilichonse.

Thupi chitukuko vicegerent a Mulungu padziko lapansi, atavala zazifupi loincloth, ophatikizapo mtendere wangwiro, ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati anawalozera kwa muyaya.

Fano la Farao Khafre ku kachisi pa Giza

Pa shawl mwambo yokutidwa mutu wake ndi Chimphamba, kukumbatirana ndi kuteteza kwambiri Farao wotambasula mapiko. Choncho anasonyeza kuti khalidwe la mulungu Horus - waukulu lakumwamba mphamvu, masitolo onse mafumu a Iguputo ndi dziko lawo. dzanja limodzi Khafre omasuka atagona pa bondo lake, ndi zina mwamphamvu. Pansi pa mpando wachifumu, pafupi mapazi anabala wolamulirayo, stamped dzina lake.

Opukutidwa fano la Farao Khafre, ndi Kuwulura umene uli kutsutsana kwakukulu pakati pa asayansi, amasunga sanathetsedwe chinsinsi lero. Akukhulupirira kuti fano zinthu zimene nkhani ndi miyambo ya malamulo akale: kuti moyo wa munthu wakufayo akhoza kulowa fano, kunali kofunika kudziwa fano. Ndiyeno yekha Mzimu wa mtsogoleri, ndi zopempha anatenga anakwaniritsa nsembe zonse.

chaluso dziko

Tikhoza kunena kuti dziko wakhala mwaluso enieni komanso chapadera chipilala mbiri ya diorite fano la Farao. Khafre (chithunzi ziboliboli m'nkhani ino) chimasonyeza wolamulira osayanjanitsika, kukhala kunja ukonde anthu. Zikuoneka kuti moyo muweruzi liwutamira kwinakwake mkulu, kunyalanyaza nyanja ya moyo.

Amene ndi ziboliboli wosadziwika, skilfully kukonzedwa cholimba thanthwe ndi zokongola amapereka mbali zabwino kwambiri, si odziwika kwambiri patali. Ndipo ngati munthu uyu adali?

Fano la farao Khafre, anapeza mu 1860 mu Giza, mmodzi wa zidutswa chidali ku Cairo Museum. Izi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mlingo wokweretsa chitukuko cha luso ku Egypt ndi chikhalidwe.

chosema Zinsinsi za masinfikisi ndi Khafre

Great chidwi osati okonda wamba a mbiri yakale koma ofufuza padziko lonse ndi thunthu la Farao. Khafre, ankaona mwa Aiguputo ankalambira mulungu analamula zokhala nkhope yake pa fano lina losangalatsa potsiriza afukula ndi wosanjikiza Zakachikwi mchenga mu XX atumwi.

Tikuyankhula zokhudza kwambiri zamatsenga ndi yaikulu chosema, zosangalatsa maganizo a asayansi, ndi anthu kulenga kwa apaulendo zonse. Apadera chosema, chosema kuchokera miyala, kuchititsa zambiri mtsutso. Chozizwa cha Iguputo ankamuona ngati zikuchokera chimodzi Khafre maliro zovuta, ndipo nkhope ya masinfikisi akufanana nkhope ya Farao

Alonda a mapiramidi

Chosema m'thanthwe alonda piramidi, yomwe ili pa phazi ake, malinga ndi sayansi, anamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Khafre. Aiguputo akuonetsedwa iye ngati mkango, amene akumuyembekezera ku East, ndipo diso lachitatu anaonera yotuluka ndi kulowa dzuwa kuwala.

chizindikiro Royal, malinga ndi nthano, nthawi zonse maso, kuti akuphwanya Inde dzuwa. Ancient Aiguputo ankakhulupirira kuti zithunzi zofotokoza amphaka zakutchire kuona bwino usiku, amatseka maso ake a lachiwirilo. Sphinxes anali anamangidwira kutsogolo kwa mapiramidi, kufunafuna kuteteza zotsalira za wolamulira wake Mulungu achifwamba kuukira.

Fanolo, kutsanzira nkhope ya Farao, alibe mphuno, chimene chinapangitsa kwambiri ziphunzitso, momwe izi zingachitike. Akatswiri ena timakonda kukhulupirira wake ananena amaipidwa ndi Cannon mpira pa nkhondo ya Napoleon ndi Turkey, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti gawo ili la nkhope anali atapita kwa zaka zambiri zisanachitike zinachitika.

Masamu, asayansi zosangalatsa

Palibe kupulumuka wakale chikalata a nthawi imeneyo, zimene zatchulidwazi fano yaikulu mamita makumi awiri ndi kutalika kuposa makumi asanu. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti masinfikisi ndi nkhope ya mkango inamangidwa ndi chitukuko ena kale Aiguputo akale, ndi ufulu wa Khafre ankafuna kusiya kukumbukira yekha ndipo analamula kuti asinthe fano, kudula momwe awo.

Mwa Baibulo kuti pomanga piramidi ndi yogwirizana alowererepo mlendo, akatswiri ambiri amakonda, kuganizira zaka makumi awiri kumanga chipilala wapadera chochepa nthawi yomanga nyumba yotereyi.

wasayansi A R. Hoagland kalekale chinkhoswe mu phunziro kwa mafano a padziko Martian, ndinapeza piramidi ndi fano symmetrical nkhope anthu chokhala Iguputo.

Akubwera kuchokera ziboliboli mphamvu

Zinakhazikika mu mwala fano la Farao Khafre ndi Horus kabawi ifika ukulu wapadera ndi zodzikongoletsera chi sanakhulupirike nkhope ya mfumu yamphamvu. Akuti "moyo" mphamvu wochokera ziboliboli diorite.

Munthu aliyense ali kwambiri kuganiza chosema fano la Farao. Khafre kumujambula mosapita ngati n'kotheka, musati mupereke chidwi chirichonse kwa dziko lapansi, kukonza wake onyada ndione m'tsogolo.

The wakale chitukuko Aigupto mofulumira palibe zinsinsi zake zonse. Asayansi nawo kafukufuku wa mapiramidi, achenjeza kuti kutulukira zinthu zatsopano adzakhala mantha chenicheni kwa anthu. Ndipo ife basi dikirani ...